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SEMINAR REPORT

( 7th

SEMESTER, JULY-DECEMBER)

HYPERLOOP TRAIN

SUBMITTED BY

VISHAL KUMAR

BRANCH :- MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SEMESTER:- 7th

(4th

YEAR)

ROLL NO:- 1301048

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TABLE OF CONTENT

HYPERLOOP .........................................................................................

HISTORY ...............................................................................................

THEORY & OPERATIONS ......................................................................

INITIAL DESIGN CONCEPT ....................................................................

PROPOSED ROUTES .............................................................................

ADVANTAGES ......................................................................................

DISADVANTAGES .................................................................................

HYPERLOOP IN 2016 ............................................................................

HYPERLOOP IN INDIA ..........................................................................

CONCLUSIONS .....................................................................................

REFERENCES ........................................................................................

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HYPERLOOP

Hyperloop is a tradename and a registered trademark of the Space Exploration

Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) for the high speed transportation of

passengers and goods in tubes. It is essentially a futuristic train that Musk calls "a

cross between a Concorde, a railgun and an air hockey table". It's based on the

very high speed transit (VHST) system proposed in 1972 which combines a

magnetic levitation train and a low pressure transit tube. The Hyperloop is a

conceptual high-speed transportation system put forward by Entrepreneur

Elon Musk. In Musk’s vision, the Hyperloop would transport people via aluminum

pods enclosed inside of steel tubes. He describes the design as looking like a

shotgun with the tubes running side by side for most of the journey and closing

the loop at either end. These tubes would be mounted on columns 50 to 100

yards apart, and the pods inside would travel up to 800 miles per hour.

Concept design of Hyperloop Concept art of Hyperloop workings

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HISTORY

Musk first mentioned that he was thinking about a concept for a "Fifth Mode of

Transport", calling it the Hyperloop, in July 2012 at a PandoDaily event in

Santa Monica, California. This hypothetical high-speed mode of transportation

would have the following characteristics:

Immunity to Weather

Collision Free

Twice the Speed of a Plane

Low Power Consumption

Energy Storage for 24-hour Operations

The name Hyperloop was chosen because it would go in a Loop.

Musk envisions the more advanced versions will be able to go at Hypersonic

Speed. In May 2013, Musk likened the Hyperloop to a "Cross between a

Concorde and a Railgun and an Air Hockey Table”

From late 2012 until August 2013, a group of engineers from both Tesla and

SpaceX worked on the conceptual modelling of Hyperloop. An early system

design was published in to the Tesla and SpaceX blogs. Musk has also invited

feedback to "see if the people can find ways to improve it". The Hyperloop will be

an open source design.

In June 2015, SpaceX announced that it would build a 1-mile-long (1.6 km) test

track to be located next to SpaceX's Hawthorne Facility. The track would be

used to test pod designs supplied by third parties in the competition.

Construction on a 5-mile (8 km). Hyperloop test track is to start on a

Hyperloop Transportation Technologies-owned site in Quay Valley in 2016.

By November 2015, with several commercial companies and dozens of student

teams pursuing the development of Hyperloop technologies, the Wall Street

Journal asserted that "The Hyperloop Movement, as some of its unaffiliated

members refer to themselves, is officially bigger than the man who started it."

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THEORY & OPERATIONS

Artist’s impression of a Hyperloop capsule. Air compressor on the front,

passenger compartment in the middle, battery compartment at the back, and air

caster skis at the bottom.

A 3-D Sketch of Hyperloop Infrastructure

Developments in high-speed rail have historically been impeded by the difficulties in managing friction and air resistance, both of which become substantial when vehicles approach high speeds. The vactrain concept theoretically eliminates these obstacles by employing magnetically levitating trains in evacuated (airless) or partly evacuated tubes, allowing for speeds of thousands of miles per hour. However, the high cost of maglev and the difficulty of maintaining a vacuum over large distances has prevented this type of system from ever being built. The Hyperloop resembles a vactrain system but operates at approximately one millibar(100 Pa) of pressure.

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INITIAL DESIGN CONCEPT

The Hyperloop concept operates by sending specially designed "Capsules" or "Pods" through a continuous steel tube maintained at a partial vacuum. Each capsule floats on a 0.5-to-1.3-millimetre (0.02 to 0.05 in) layer of air provided under pressure to air-caster "skis", similar to how pucks are suspended in an air hockey table, thus avoiding the use of maglev while still allowing for speeds that wheels cannot sustain. Linear induction motors located along the tube would accelerate and decelerate the capsule to the appropriate speed for each section of the tube route. With rolling resistance eliminated and air resistance greatly reduced, the capsules can glide for the bulk of the journey. In the Hyperloop concept, an electrically driven inlet fan and air compressor would be placed at the nose of the capsule to "actively transfer high pressure air from the front to the rear of the vessel," resolving the problem of air pressure building in front of the vehicle, slowing it down. A fraction of the air is shunted to the skis for additional pressure, augmenting that gain passively from lift due to their shape.

In the alpha-level concept, passenger-only pods are to be 2.23 meters (7 ft. 4 in) in diameter and projected to reach a top speed of 760 mph (1,220 km/h) to maintain aerodynamic efficiency, the design proposes passengers experience a maximum inertial acceleration of 0.5 g, about 2 or 3 times that of a commercial airliner on takeoff and landing. At those speeds there would not be a sonic boom.

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PROPOSED ROUTES

A number of routes have been proposed for Hyperloop systems that meet the approximate distance conditions for which a Hyperloop is hypothesized to provide improved transport times.

The notional route sized out in the 2013 alpha-level design document was from the Greater Los Angeles Area to the San Francisco Bay Area. That conceptual system would begin around Sylmar, just south of the Tejon Pass, follow Interstate 5 to the north, and arrive near Hayward on the east side of San Francisco Bay. Several proposed branches were also shown in the design document, including Sacramento, Anaheim, San Diego, and Las Vegas. European routes have been put forward in January 2016. A Paris to Amsterdam notional route was proposed by Delft Hyperloop. A Warsaw University of Technology team is evaluating potential routes from Cracow to Gdańsk across Poland proposed by Hyper Poland. As of July 2016, planning is ongoing for a route crossing the sea between Helsinki and Stockholm in a tunnel.

Hyperloop Transportation Technologies (HTT) is one group that has been exploring routes other than the Los Angeles to San Francisco route.

Another company, Hyperloop One (formerly Hyperloop Technologies), has proposed a route from Los Angeles to Las Vegas.

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ADVANTAGES

Lower Cost Pollution Free

Light Weight

Weight ¼ for the Same Strength

Corrosion & Chemical Resistance

Excellent Elastic Properties

Extremely Strong

High Speed of 760mph

Runs from Solar Power

No Problem of Traffic

Can Travel in any kind of Weather

Resistant to Earthquakes

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Hyperloop Technologies is pledging to have its first working loop by the end of

2016, while HTT is promising that its version will be ready in 2017. SpaceX is

planning to have its shorter test loop completed by this summer, to help

engineers refine designs for the transport pods. Both HT and HTT claim they'll

have passenger-ready Hyperloop by the end of the decade. Given that the

concept was unveiled only in 2013, that would be a staggeringly fast turnaround.

If everything goes according to plan, we'll be shooting people across cities in

futuristic vacuum tubes long before Google can get its first self-driving electric

cars in consumer driveways.

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India is offering Musk's SpaceX a big chunk of land and permission to do the required testing in Pune, a city 118 kilometers away from Mumbai. The country's Union Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari said he made the proposal to Hyperloop's parent company SpaceX during his recent visit to the United States.

“I just offered them ... they want some road for experimental purpose. I offered them the Westerly Bypass of Pune connected to the Express Highway. The idea is they can take an experiment between Mumbai and Pune as a pilot project," he said. '”It is up to [SpaceX] to decide whether or not to accept my offer,” he added.

If Hyperloop manages to materialize its commercial plans - and bring it to India — it would enable people in Mumbai to go to Nagpur in 35 minutes, Gadkari said. In comparison, the same 800 kilometers trip takes nearly 14 hours by train.

The Chief Minister of western Indian state of Maharashtra, Devendra Fadnavis, added that his state government has also asked SpaceX to develop the product and then test it in the state.

With Hyperloop, Musk has a vision to change the way people travel between cities. One of the biggest hurdles for his superfast train, which uses air for propulsion and runs along magnetic tracks, has been convincing local governments and dealing with politicians to acquire land rights.

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