PRESENTED BY:

M.SAI MANIKANTA

B TECH,NIT CALICUT

It is new mode of transport other than road, rail, air , water.

Hyper loop consists of a low pressure tube with capsules that are

transported at both low and high speeds throughout the length of

the tube.

It was proposed by Elon Musk CEO of TESLA MOTORS and

SPACEX and Co-founder of PAY-PAL

A high-level alpha design for the system was published on

August 12, 2013, in a whitepaper posted to the Tesla and SpaceX

blogs

It is an high speed train transporting at a speed of 800mph which

is twice the speed of a commercial plane.

Elon Musk didn’t even patented the design quoting ‘see if people

find ways to improve it’. It will be an open source design anyone

can access it.

A Hyperloop would be "an elevated, reduced-pressure tube that

contains pressurized capsules driven within the tube by a

number of linear electric motors.”

Hyperloop consists of a low pressure tube with capsules that are

transported at both low and high speeds throughout the length of

the tube.

Due to high traffic US government proposed a high speed train project between San Francisco to Los Angeles called “California High Speed Rail” with $68.4 Billion USD.

The average speed is 164mph and takes approx 3 hours.

Estimated cost of Hyperloop is $7.8 billion USD and takes35 mins to cover same distance.

In past Robert Goddard proposed using vacuum as mediumof transport there by attain speed without high frictionlosses but there’s lot of possibility of leaks . And whenthere is a leak it will damage the whole system.

Elon Musk thought of overcoming it with maintaing lowpressure rather than vacuum and using electromagneticsuspension.

When we use less pressure instead of vacuum we haveto consider the minimum tube to pod area ratio then weneed to increase the diameter of tube or go slow orreally , really fast.

But increasing speed that high will become very muchexpensive.

Here an electric compressor fan mounted on the nose ofthe pod that actively transfers high pressure air from thefront to the rear of the vessel.

A battery can’t store enough energy to power fan overwhole journey so a linear electric motor, a roundinduction motor rolled flat is provided.

Safer

Faster

Lower costs and this kind of speed

More convenient

Immune to weather

Sustainably self powering

Resistant to earth quakes

Decrease the traffic

Decreases the frictional losses that occur at subsonic

speed

Using solar power.

It cannot decrease the number current trips and cost

relatively to existing transport systems but it

decreases the travelling time and costs between

California and Los Angeles

We can mount solar panels on the tubes for energy to

transport and use battery to store for night time.

The energy cost and energy consumed per passenger

is also relatively lower compared to existing systems.

Energy consumed per passenger to travel same

distance is very low compared to cars, aero planes ,

high speed trains.

CAPSULE

TUBE

PROPULSION

CAPSULE:

The maximum width is 4.43 ft (1.35 m) and maximumheight is 6.11 ft (1.10 m). With rounded corners, this isequivalent to a 15 ft2 (1.4 m2) frontal area, not including anypropulsion or suspension components.

The capsules are accelerated via a magnetic linearaccelerator affixed at various stations on the low pressuretube with rotors contained in each capsule

For travel at high speeds, the greatest power requirement is normally to overcome air resistance.

Aerodynamic drag increases with the square of speed, and thus the power requirement increases with the cube of speed.

For example, to travel twice as fast a vehicle must overcome four times the aerodynamic resistance, and input eight times the power

The capsules are supported via air bearings that operate using a compressed air reservoir and aerodynamic lift

This is an operating pressure of 100 Pascal’s, which reduces the drag force of the air by 1,000 times relative to sea level conditions and would be equivalent to flying above 150,000 feet altitude

COMPRESSOR: One important feature of the capsule is the

onboard compressor, which serves two purposes .This system allows the capsule to traverse therelatively narrow tube without choking flow thattravels between the capsule and the tube walls

by compressing air that is bypassed through the

capsule. It also supplies air to air bearings that

support the weight of the capsule throughout the

journey.

Tube air is compressed with a compression ratio of

20:1 via an axial compressor

Up to 60% of this air is bypassed:

a. The air travels via a narrow tube near bottom of the

capsule to the tail.

b. A nozzle at the tail expands the flow generating thrust

to mitigate some of the small amounts of aerodynamic

and bearing drag

The compressor is powered by a 436 hp (325 kW) onboard

electric motor:

a. The motor has an estimated mass of 372 lb (169 kg), which

includes power electronics.

b. An estimated 3,400 lb (1,500 kg) of batteries provides 45

minutes of onboard compressor power, which is more than sufficient

for the travel time with added reserve backup power.

Geometry In order to optimize the capsule speed and performance,

the frontal area has been minimized for size while

maintaining passenger comfort.

Hyperloop passenger transport capsule conceptual design sketch

The tube is made of steel. Two tubes will be welded

together in a side by side configuration to allow the

capsules to travel both directions.

Pylons are placed every 100 ft (30 m) to support the

tube

Solar arrays will cover the top of the tubes in order to

provide power to the system.

The inner diameter of the tube is optimized to be 7 ft 4

in. (2.23 m) which is small enough to keep material cost

low while large enough to provide some alleviation of choked air flow around the capsule.

The tube cross-sectional area is 42.2 ft2 (3.91 m2)

giving a capsule/tube area ratio of 36% or a diameter

ratio of 60%.

The high-speed transport more generally ,havehistorically been impeded by the difficulties inmanaging friction and air resistance, both of whichbecome substantial when vehicles approach highspeeds.

vactrain concept : tubes kept at a complete vacuum,allowing for theoretical speeds of thousands of milesper hour.

The expected pressure inside the tube will bemaintained around 100pa (less pressure).

This low pressure minimizes the drag force on thecapsule while maintaining the relative ease ofpumping out the air from the tube.

Linear accelerators are constructed along the length of the tube at various locations to accelerate the capsules.

Stators are located on the capsules to transfer momentum to the capsules via the linear accelerators.

Capsules are accelerated by linear magnetic induction and decelerated by regenerative braking similar to magnetic levitation trains.

The Hyperloop as a whole is projected to consume an average of 28,000 hp (21 MW).

This includes the power needed to make up for propulsionmotor efficiency (including elevation changes), aerodynamicdrag, charging the batteries to power on-board compressors,and vacuum pumps to keep the tube evacuated.

Each accelerator has two 65 MVA inverters, one to accelerate the outgoing capsule, and one to capture the energy from the incoming capsule

The Hyperloop uses a linear induction motor to accelerate and

decelerate the capsule. This provides several important

benefits over a permanent magnet motor

For aerodynamic efficiency, the velocity of a capsule in the Hyperloop is typically:

• 300 mph (480 kmph) where local geography necessitates

a tube bend radii< 1.0 mile (1.6 km)

• 760 mph (1,220 kmph) where local geography allows a

tube bend > 3.0miles (4.8 km) or where local geography permits a straight tube.

These bend radii have been calculated so that the passenger

does not experience inertial accelerations that exceed 0.5g.

This is deemed the maximum inertial acceleration that can be

comfortably sustained by humans for short periods. To further

reduce the inertial acceleration experienced by passengers, the

capsule and/or tube will incorporate a mechanism that will

allow a degree of ‘banking’.

Suspending the capsule within the tube presents a substantial

technical challenge due to transonic cruising velocities.

Conventional wheel and axle systems become impractical at

high speed due frictional losses and dynamic instability.

A viable technical solution is magnetic levitation; however the

cost associated with material and construction is prohibitive.

An alternative to these conventional options is an air bearing

suspension. Air bearings offer stability and extremely low drag

at a feasible cost by exploiting the ambient atmosphere in the

tube.

When the gap height between a ski and the tube wallis reduced,

the flow field in the gap exhibits a highly non-linear reaction

resulting in large restoring pressures

Schematic of air bearing skis that support the capsule.

The increased pressure pushes the ski away from the wall, allowing it to return to its nominal ride height

SAFETY:

Power Outage

Capsule Depressurization

Capsule Stranded in Tube

Earthquakes Reliability

It costs around 6 billion USD.

A high speed transportation system known as Hyperloop

introduced here.

Its basically magnetic levitation train in vacuum tubes helping

in achieving high speeds.

It has various advantages over traditional transport system.

FUTURE WORK:

More expansion on the control mechanism for Hyperloop

capsules, including attitude thruster or control moment gyros.

Using conventional magnetic levitation systems.

Testing of prototype and decreasing the cost further.

◦ Musk, Elon (August 12, 2013). "Hyperloop Alpha". SpaceX.

◦ “Hyperloop” ,Wikipedia

◦ Garber, Megan (July 13, 2012). "The Real iPod: Elon

Musk's Wild Idea for a 'Jetson Tunnel' from S.F. to

L.A.". The Atlantic.

◦ "Beyond the hype of Hyperloop: An analysis of Elon

Musk's proposed transit system".Gizmag.com. August 22,

2013.

◦ Bilton, Nick. "Could the Hyperloop Really Cost $6 Billion?

Critics Say No". The New York Times.

30

THANK YOU