History of Philo

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LOGIC

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the course, the students will have gained

basic knowledge about:

logic as a form of critical thinking / reasoning

the history, rules and uses of logic

the relevance of reasoning in their personal lives and

future careers


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COURSE OUTLINE

General Introduction

An Introduction to Philosophy

An Introduction to the Philosophy of Thomas

Aquinas

An Introduction to Critical Thinking

The What and Why of Logic

The Term As A Part of PropositionThe Attributive Proposition

General Notion of Inference

Eduction

Oppositional Inference

The Simple Categorical SyllogismThe Hypothetical Syllogism

Special Types of Syllogism

Fallacies

Symbolic Logic


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COURSE REQUIREMENTS

Quizzes

Recitation

Major exam

Class participation

CLASSROOM PROTOCOL

1. Read

2. Basic social and classroom decorum.

3. Absences beyond 7 would merit FA; only absences due to an

exceptional reason would be given consideration.

4. Three instances of tardiness is equal to one absence.

5. Study well.


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BASIC TEXT

Bacchuber, Andre H.. Introduction to Logic. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc.,

1966


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A Brief Introduction to Philosophy

There are different ways of introducingphilosophy:

a. Etymology or the origin of the word

Philolove

Sophiawisdom


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The visit of Solon to Croesus which Herodotosdescribes, however unhistorical it may be, gives us a

good idea of this spirit. Croesus tells Solon that he hasheard much of "his wisdom and his wanderings," and

how, from love of knowledge (), he has

travelled over much land for the purpose of seeing what

was to be seen ( ). The words ,

, and , are, in fact, the catchwords ofthe time, though they had, no doubt, a somewhatdifferent meaning from that they were afterwards madeto bear at Athens.

FromEarly Greek Philosophyby John Burnet inhttp://www.classicpersuasion.org/pw/burnet/egp.htm?chapter=introduction


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Who are the Greeks?

The Greeks are a people that belong to ancientcivilization. They are considered the progenitorsof Western civilization. A number of things that

we continue to enjoy and do until today areinherited from the Greeks: mathematics, science,olympics, democracy, literature, visual art

specially sculpture and architecture, militaryscience, theology, philosophy etc.


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Whos Who

Another way of introducing philosophy is bylooking at the names of the people identifiedwith it. Some of them are not even

philosophers by profession; a few might alreadybe known to some of you: Socrates, Plato,Aristotle, Heraclitus, Augustine, Aquinas, Marx,

etc.


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What do they have to say?

Another way is by looking at the words of thephilosophers themselves.

An unexamined life is not worth living.Plato

Man is a rational animal.Aristotle

Everything flows and nothing stays.HeraclitusWonder is the feeling of a philosopher; and

philosophy begins in wonder. - Plato


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Leisure can be one of the Mothers of Philosophy. - Thomas Hobbes

Here is the beginning of philosophy: a recognition of theconflicts between men, a search for their cause, a condemnationof mere opinion, and the discovery of a standard of judgment.

Epictetus

It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thoughtwithout accepting it.Aristotle

Better to illuminate than merely to shine, to deliver to otherscontemplated truths than merely to contemplate. Thomas Aquinas

All the efforts of the human mind cannot exhaust the essence of asingle fly. Thomas Aquinas


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Different Movements in the History

of Philosophy

Natural philosophers, Platonism, Aristotelianism,Skepticism, Scholasticism, Utilitarianism,Marxism, Existentialism, Pragmatism,Postmodernism


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Role of Philosophy/Philosophers in

Human Civilization

Socrates underscored the importance of dialoguein our search for wisdom.

Plato emphasized the need for an examined life.Aristotle, mentor of Alexander the Great,

grounded our search for knowledge in the realityaround us.

Thomas Aquinas facilitated the union betweenreason and faith.


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cont

Marx incorporated the plight of workers inphilosophizing.

Rousseau enlightened the public in asserting theirrights.

John Locke articulated basic tenets of democracy.

Wittgenstein brought us closer to the importanceof language.

Confucius introduced philosophy as a way of life.


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Where do we find philosophy?

In novels (The Name of the Roseby Umberto Eco orThe Unbearable Lightness of Beingby MilanKundera orNoli Me Tangereby Jose Rizal)

In songs (Imagineby John Lennon or Tatsulok byBamboo)

In poetry (HamletorMacbethby Shakespeare or

Little Gidding by TS Eliot)In works of art (paintings of Van Gogh and

Picasso)


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T b b h h


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To be, or not to be--that is the question:

Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune

Or to take arms against a sea of troublesAnd by opposing end them. To die, to sleep--

No more--and by a sleep to say we end

The heartache, and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to. 'Tis a consummation

Devoutly to be wished. To die, to sleep--

To sleep--perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub,For in that sleep of death what dreams may come

When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,

Must give us pause. There's the respectThat makes calamity of so long life.

For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,

Th' oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumelyThe pangs of despised love, the law's delay,

The insolence of office, and the spurns

That patient merit of th' unworthy takes,

When he himself might his quietus makeWith a bare bodkin? Who would fardels bear,

To grunt and sweat under a weary life,But that the dread of something after death,

The undiscovered country, from whose bourn

No traveller returns, puzzles the will,

And makes us rather bear those ills we have

Than fly to others that we know not of?

W h ll f l i


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We shall not cease from explorationAnd the end of all our exploringWill be to arrive where we startedAnd know the place for the first time.Through the unknown, unremembered

gateWhen the last of earth left to discoverIs that which was the beginning;At the source of the longest riverThe voice of the hidden waterfallAnd the children in the apple-tree

Not known, because not looked forBut heard, half-heard, in the stillnessBetween two waves of the sea.Quick now, here, now, alwaysA condition of complete simplicity(Costing not less than everything)

And all shall be well andAll manner of thing shall be wellWhen the tongues of flame are in-foldedInto the crowned knot of fireAnd the fire and the rose are one.

TS Eliot


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Philosophy in real life

Who am I?

What is my purpose in life?

Is architecture the course for me?Am I getting the love I deserve?

Am I giving the love people deserve?

Who are my real friends?Is there a God?


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After all, philosophy is a search for wisdom, lovefor wisdom, the wisdom that we get from livingour lives meaningfully.

History of Philo

Documents

Transcript of History of Philo