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By: Ameliza A. Tisbe, RMT

Blood Bank: Regulations, Procedures,Problems and Alternatives

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The Blood Bank

a cache or bank of blood and bloodcomponents gathered as a result of blooddonation, stored and preserved for later usethrough blood transfusion

division of a hospital laboratory where the

storage of blood product occurs and whereproper testing is performed to reduce the risk oftransfusion related events

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Functions of the Blood Bank

Storage of blood and other blood components

Short-term Storage

Long-term Storage

Donor Selection, Blood Collection (through blooddonation)

Screening and Processing of blood and itscomponents

Blood Transfusion: principles, compatibility testing

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History of Blood Banks

1915: Richard Lewison of Mt. Sinai Hospital (NY),intiated use of sodium citrate as anticoagulant

Richard Weil: demonstrated feasibility ofrefrigerated storage of anticoagulated blood

Francis Peyton Rous and JR Turner: introducedcitrate-glucose additive

2 years later: storage of blood in containers = firstblood depot during WWI

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March 23, 1930: Sergei Yudin pioneered thetransfusion of cadaveric blood; organized firstblood bank in Nikolay Sklifosovskiy Institute

mid 1930s: Soviet Union had set up 65 large BloodCenters and 500 subsidiaries all storing cannedblood and shipping it all over the country

1937: Bernard Fantus, director of Cook County

Hospital (Chicago, USA) established the firsthospital blood bank in the USA. **originated theterm blood bank

1940: Willem Johan Kolff established the firstblood bank in Europe

1939: Charles R. Drew researched in the field ofblood transfusions, developing improvedtechniques for blood storage, and applied hisexpert knowledge in developing large-scale

blood banks early in World War II

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Oswald Hope Robertson established blooddepots during WWII; often regarded as thecreator of first blood bank at The University of

Louisville

1939-1940: Karl Landsteiner, Alex Wiener, PhilipLevine, and R.E. Stetson discovered the Rh BloodGroup System

1943: J.F. Loutit and Patrick L. Morrison introducedthe use of acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) solution asadditive in blood storage

1950: Carl Walter and W.P. Murphy, Jr.,

introduced the plastic bag for blood collection

1979: anticoagulant preservative, CPDA-1 wasintroduced

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Blood Storage inthe 1940s

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Blood Bank Today Safer procedures

Tested and Proven principles

More effective

More equipped: efficient machines,

credible employees (MTs and MDs)

More patients/clients

More complicated

More problems

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Blood Storage today: NHS Blood and Transplant Center,Filton, Bristol, Southwest England(WORLDS LARGEST BLOOD CENTER)

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Blood Bank Concerns Blood Donor Screening and Collection

Too few = scarcity of blood supply for patients

Too many = expired blood units (PC, LDPRBC); lackof manpower (MBD team is usually the processingteam)

Blood Storage = inappropriate machines,uncalibrated temperature of BBK ref; first-in-first-out policy

Storage Lesions

Processing of Blood and Blood Components

Lack of Refrigerated Centrifuge Machines (brokendue to poor maintenance, too old, etc.)

Blood Bank Duties and Responsibilities

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Med Techs in the Blood Bank

What our friends thinkwe do

What our parents thinkwe do

What nurses/doctors/allied health

professionals think we do

What society

thinks we do

What we really do

What patientsthink we do

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Med. Tech Duties & Responsibilities

in the Blood Bank Checking of temperature charts, answering phone calls,

answering patients inquiries, blood extraction

Routine ABO/Rh Typing

Ab screening, Ab ID, Phenotyping

Crossmatching

Resolving: difficult crossmatch, ABO discrepancy

QC of reagents

Release of crossmatched blood units

Proper labeling and patient identification

Thawing of frozen components as requested

OPD: proper transport and storage

Processing of blood and blood components

Inventory of blood units, stock reagents, monthly or quarterlyassignments (RCPA/NEQAS etc)

STAT situations: OR requests, ICU cases

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Mass BloodDonation

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Apheresis, Therapeutic Plasma Exchange,

Stem Cell Collection

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More Blood Bank Concerns** THE CONCERN has always been to minimize errors as much as

possible.

FIFTEEN YEARS ago, a blood bank could operate in a neat

office-like setting, with carpeted or tiled floors, and the like,

Today, blood bankers require a much more sophisticated

and clean working environment.

Staff are also more knowledgeable and demanding than they were15-20 years ago, which is an additional factor in design phases.

SPATIAL components to keep in mind: the sampleaccessioning area, individual workstations, storage, office

space, and, of course, equipment.

Administrative Issues that may affect work flow in the BloodBank

Issues within the laboratory

Issues with other departments

** CONSEQUENCE = patients are caught in between the crossfire

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Canine Blood Banks

Pet Blood Bank, United Kingdom

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The Blood

Donors

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Canine Blood Typing Kit

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Canine Blood Products

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