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LOGIC
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the course, the students will have gained
basic knowledge about:
logic as a form of critical thinking / reasoning
the history, rules and uses of logic
the relevance of reasoning in their personal lives and
future careers
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COURSE OUTLINE
General Introduction
An Introduction to Philosophy
An Introduction to the Philosophy of Thomas
Aquinas
An Introduction to Critical Thinking
The What and Why of Logic
The Term As A Part of PropositionThe Attributive Proposition
General Notion of Inference
Eduction
Oppositional Inference
The Simple Categorical SyllogismThe Hypothetical Syllogism
Special Types of Syllogism
Fallacies
Symbolic Logic
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COURSE REQUIREMENTS
Quizzes
Recitation
Major exam
Class participation
CLASSROOM PROTOCOL
1. Read
2. Basic social and classroom decorum.
3. Absences beyond 7 would merit FA; only absences due to an
exceptional reason would be given consideration.
4. Three instances of tardiness is equal to one absence.
5. Study well.
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BASIC TEXT
Bacchuber, Andre H.. Introduction to Logic. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc.,
1966
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A Brief Introduction to Philosophy
There are different ways of introducingphilosophy:
a. Etymology or the origin of the word
Philolove
Sophiawisdom
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The visit of Solon to Croesus which Herodotosdescribes, however unhistorical it may be, gives us a
good idea of this spirit. Croesus tells Solon that he hasheard much of "his wisdom and his wanderings," and
how, from love of knowledge (), he has
travelled over much land for the purpose of seeing what
was to be seen ( ). The words ,
, and , are, in fact, the catchwords ofthe time, though they had, no doubt, a somewhatdifferent meaning from that they were afterwards madeto bear at Athens.
FromEarly Greek Philosophyby John Burnet inhttp://www.classicpersuasion.org/pw/burnet/egp.htm?chapter=introduction
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Who are the Greeks?
The Greeks are a people that belong to ancientcivilization. They are considered the progenitorsof Western civilization. A number of things that
we continue to enjoy and do until today areinherited from the Greeks: mathematics, science,olympics, democracy, literature, visual art
specially sculpture and architecture, militaryscience, theology, philosophy etc.
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Whos Who
Another way of introducing philosophy is bylooking at the names of the people identifiedwith it. Some of them are not even
philosophers by profession; a few might alreadybe known to some of you: Socrates, Plato,Aristotle, Heraclitus, Augustine, Aquinas, Marx,
etc.
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What do they have to say?
Another way is by looking at the words of thephilosophers themselves.
An unexamined life is not worth living.Plato
Man is a rational animal.Aristotle
Everything flows and nothing stays.HeraclitusWonder is the feeling of a philosopher; and
philosophy begins in wonder. - Plato
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Leisure can be one of the Mothers of Philosophy. - Thomas Hobbes
Here is the beginning of philosophy: a recognition of theconflicts between men, a search for their cause, a condemnationof mere opinion, and the discovery of a standard of judgment.
Epictetus
It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thoughtwithout accepting it.Aristotle
Better to illuminate than merely to shine, to deliver to otherscontemplated truths than merely to contemplate. Thomas Aquinas
All the efforts of the human mind cannot exhaust the essence of asingle fly. Thomas Aquinas
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Different Movements in the History
of Philosophy
Natural philosophers, Platonism, Aristotelianism,Skepticism, Scholasticism, Utilitarianism,Marxism, Existentialism, Pragmatism,Postmodernism
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Role of Philosophy/Philosophers in
Human Civilization
Socrates underscored the importance of dialoguein our search for wisdom.
Plato emphasized the need for an examined life.Aristotle, mentor of Alexander the Great,
grounded our search for knowledge in the realityaround us.
Thomas Aquinas facilitated the union betweenreason and faith.
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cont
Marx incorporated the plight of workers inphilosophizing.
Rousseau enlightened the public in asserting theirrights.
John Locke articulated basic tenets of democracy.
Wittgenstein brought us closer to the importanceof language.
Confucius introduced philosophy as a way of life.
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Where do we find philosophy?
In novels (The Name of the Roseby Umberto Eco orThe Unbearable Lightness of Beingby MilanKundera orNoli Me Tangereby Jose Rizal)
In songs (Imagineby John Lennon or Tatsulok byBamboo)
In poetry (HamletorMacbethby Shakespeare or
Little Gidding by TS Eliot)In works of art (paintings of Van Gogh and
Picasso)
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T b b h h
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To be, or not to be--that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune
Or to take arms against a sea of troublesAnd by opposing end them. To die, to sleep--
No more--and by a sleep to say we end
The heartache, and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to. 'Tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wished. To die, to sleep--
To sleep--perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub,For in that sleep of death what dreams may come
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,
Must give us pause. There's the respectThat makes calamity of so long life.
For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,
Th' oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumelyThe pangs of despised love, the law's delay,
The insolence of office, and the spurns
That patient merit of th' unworthy takes,
When he himself might his quietus makeWith a bare bodkin? Who would fardels bear,
To grunt and sweat under a weary life,But that the dread of something after death,
The undiscovered country, from whose bourn
No traveller returns, puzzles the will,
And makes us rather bear those ills we have
Than fly to others that we know not of?
W h ll f l i
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We shall not cease from explorationAnd the end of all our exploringWill be to arrive where we startedAnd know the place for the first time.Through the unknown, unremembered
gateWhen the last of earth left to discoverIs that which was the beginning;At the source of the longest riverThe voice of the hidden waterfallAnd the children in the apple-tree
Not known, because not looked forBut heard, half-heard, in the stillnessBetween two waves of the sea.Quick now, here, now, alwaysA condition of complete simplicity(Costing not less than everything)
And all shall be well andAll manner of thing shall be wellWhen the tongues of flame are in-foldedInto the crowned knot of fireAnd the fire and the rose are one.
TS Eliot
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Philosophy in real life
Who am I?
What is my purpose in life?
Is architecture the course for me?Am I getting the love I deserve?
Am I giving the love people deserve?
Who are my real friends?Is there a God?
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After all, philosophy is a search for wisdom, lovefor wisdom, the wisdom that we get from livingour lives meaningfully.
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