THE PERCEPTIONS OF THE ST. SCHOLASTICA’S ACADEMY OF

MARIKINA HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS, THEIR PARENTS AND

TEACHERS ON THE PROPOSED 12- YEAR SCHOOLING

IN THE PHILIPPINES, AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR LEARNING

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Bibliography

CONTENTS:

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the

background of the study , Theoretical and Conceptual framework, the statement of the problem, the significance of the study, and scope and delimitation.

Background of the study A school, for most people,

proposes to shape the personality of the learner by equipping him/her with the resources of human culture, with the help of the teachers teaching the subject matter.

Aquino, Gaudencio V. (1974) in his book Fundamentals of Effective Teaching, for it gives a perfect reasoning of facts pertaining out educational system. And I quote:

“Philippine education has for decades been moving and operating without …..direction, without realistic and feasible goals and policies, with chaotic policy …..formulating processes as educational policies emanate from a confusing number of …..resources…”

This therefore explains that the educational system in the Philippines is unstable since it was established. It was probably because of the inadequate and inaccessible educational facilities. According to research, 93% of the budget for education is allocated for the salaries and wages of teachers, staff and other school personnel. In short only 7% is allotted for educational materials such as books, charts etc . Thus, keeping a large portion of children out of school or making them drop out before compulsory education is completed.

In connection to the issue, the Presidential Commission to survey the Philippine education recognized all the forging major defects in the educational system and some of its suggesting solutions such as improving educational training schemes and making major reforms in policies and programs like strengthening the teacher education (Republic Act 7784) and lengthening the school calendar (Republic Act 7797). Thus, the said policies must also begin with how population pressures and technological progress make the task of reforming education possible.

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

This study rests on the following theoretical and conceptual framework.

According to John Dewey’s Theories of Education, a school should fill in the missing experiences, feelings and other concerns of a child for it is essential in order to balance the development of the students (to reach their full potentials). He also noted that:

“The school must be made into a social center capable of participating in

the daily life of the community…and make up in

part to the child for the decay of dogmatic and fixed

methods for social discipline and for the loss of reverence

and the influence of authority.”

Another theory that expands the function of a school to its student is Jerome Bruner’s Theories of Learning. Bruner authorized the Gesalt principles of organization in developing concepts and insightful learning. He said that the main sense of education should be the improvement of skills among children to serve as their preparation for other circumstances. Students are to be given an opportunity to perfect the basic skills in a subject in preparation for its advancement. Thus, he urged the reorganization of school curricula. (Educational Psychology p. 67)

In addition, in the book Philippine Philosophy of Education (in the meaning

purpose and values of school to Filipinos: Implications for educational policy and

planning) states that based on their conceptualization, four sub-hypothesis were

put into test. First, among the parents, students and school admin-policy-makers,

teachers are most likely the ones who judge the socio-cultural values of the school beyond economic and political values. Second, parents and students tend to put negative judgments about the school rather than the teachers and

administration. Third, parents and students are quite synonymous with their perception on

views and attitude compared to the other two groups. Fourth, the teachers and students have the greater weight in judging the method and technology of schooling than others. (p.141)

John Dewey’s Theory expands the school’s role and responsibility in molding and committing the students to quality education. John Bruner evaluated and suggested that it would be best to set the excellence of the school through its curriculum and standards. Moreover, a school is covered of different groups in accordance to its efficiency that would most probably endure a student’s capacity for success. This includes the apprehension of the students, parents, teachers, school admin-policy-makers expanded by the Philippine Philosophy of Education.

But truly we may say that the soul of our thesis would be best connected with Vygotsky’s Theory of Transmission that answers the following questions: “Who is to teach? By what methods? What will the curriculum be?” This would be further studied and answered throughout our surveys and researches.

Conceptual Model

From the research gathered from similar studies, the conceptual framework i formulated. This is shown in figure1.

.

School’s Competence

As rated by: •Alumnae•Government rankings

As rated by:•Students•Teachers•Parents• School Administrators

Performance Indicators•Socio-cultural Values•Economic Values•Political Values

Performance Indicators•Educational Policy•Perception on views and attitude (of the school and their students)

General Ranking

Implication of the proposed 12-year educational plan

The perceptions of the SSAM high school students, their parents and teachers on the proposed 12-year schooling in the Philippines,

and its implication for learning

.

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the Study

The perceptions of the SSAM HS students and their parents on the proposed 12-year schooling in the Philippines, and its

implication for learning

What is the exact definition of a 12-year educational plan to the:

•Students b. Parents c. Teachers

How would the following affect the possibility of having 12-year schooling?•Socio-economic stat c. Extra years spent in school•Health status d. Knowledge to be acquired

Access the perceptions of the respondents on the factors of 12-year schooling:•Financial aspect c. Knowledge to be acquired•Utilization of time d. Topics to be added in the curriculum

Analyze the standards of the following:•Quality of education c. Budget e. Facilities of the

school•Affordability d. Salary scale of the teachers

Significance of the respondent’s perception on the development of Philippine Education

Implication or rejection of the 12-year educational plan

This framework shows the problem statements

Figure 2: Conceptual framework— statement of the problem

Statement of the Problem

This study intends to identify and access the different perceptions, that govern the possibilities of having 12 year schooling, given by the respondents. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the perceptions of the following to the proposed 12 year educational plan:

a. studentsb. their parentsc. teachers

2. Are the following factors affecting the possibility of having a 12 year schooling:

a. financial/ socioeconomic status of a family and country

b. utilization of time/ extra years to be spent in school

c. knowledge to be acquired/ topics to be added in the curriculum

3. What would be the implications for learning of having a 12 year schooling?

4. What is the significance between the relationship of the respondents’ perception to the

development of Philippine education?

Significance of the Study

Due to our country’s economic crunch, the government finds ways to sustain the students’ needs for quality education. For almost 50 years of Benedictine Education in St. Scholastica’s Academy of Marikina, the administration had filled students with success in accordance to the superiority of the Scholasticans. This study aims to identify and access the different perceptions of the teachers students and their parents with regard to the issue of having 12 years schooling. It would be beneficial to the following:

The different education sectors. This study, that analyzes the different aspects of students, parents and teachers which also features the reason behind their

responses, provides a background to education sectors regarding the factors which

mainly affect the different responses and may help them identify the aspects in which

they must improve.

The students. The issue itself would directly affect the

students. This study will help them grasp the importance of the matter towards the nation and make them

socially aware.

The parents. This study would present them statistics and

help them realize the pro and cons of having a 12 year education system and thus, the parents, who will be the ones providing

financial aid to their children, may be enlightened to pursue on what is more

beneficial for their children.

The teachers. Some teachers are also parents. And

teaching is a vocation for them; this study would help them assimilate the

topic and be able to pass on what they knew to the students.

The administration(SSAM). St. Scholastica’s Academy did not implement the seventh grade unlike other schools. This study would help them recognize their recipients ideas

whether the students need extra years or not.

Scope and delimitationsThis study was limited to the

parents, teachers and to the high school students of St. Scholastica’s

Academy of Marikina school year 2010 – 2011.

This study will measure how wide the knowledge and the interest of the respondents

about the topic. The respondents will be given the same questioner and survey forms to answer.

Through these questioners we will be able to be aware of the reactions or insights and proposals of the respondents. From their responses we will also

identify the different factors in our country, implications for learning, advantages and

disadvantages of the proposed 12- year schooling in the Philippines.

Chapter 2: review of related literature and studies

Chapter II deals with the review of the local and foreign literature and studies relevant to the proposed study.

Related LiteratureForeign

Mastering study skills book by R. Freeman

Local

“ 12- year basic education: a Quality Imperative ”

Article By Chito B. alazar

Related studiesForeign

Educational Time FactorsCotton, kathleen (1989)

Local

A study of the education curriculum in the Philippines

Valencia, Rizalina R. (2007)

Chapter 3: research design and methodologyThis chapter explains the method of research used, sources of data, data gathering, instruments, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment of data.

Method of Research Used

The design employed by the researchers in order to carry out the purpose of the study was the descriptive method.

The researches have also chosen to use the qualitative method. The qualitative method uses the participants’ observation, pertaining to the respondents.

The researchers seek precise measurement and analysis of target concepts thus, making their “systematic attempt” to define and report on the possible outcome of the research.

The thesis was made to analyze what the K-12 schooling is all about. Ergo, the design emerges as the study unfolds.

Sources of dataThe respondents of this study were the parents, teachers and students from the high school department of St. Scholastica’s Academy of Marikina.

The student-respondents were from Years I-IV, ages 12-17 years old, which are currently enrolled at SSAM for the school year 2010-2011. The teacher-respondents, ages 25-50 years old, which are currently teaching different levels and subjects in SSAM for school year 2010-2011. While the parent-respondents, ages 30-55 years old, which have enrolled their daughter/s in SSAM in the same school year.

The researchers used dichotomous and partly contingency questions in their survey questionnaires. For parents and teachers simple random sampling was used; but for the students the researchers used judgement sampling. One section will be chosen per year level and they were picked according to how responsible they are for the researchers as a class.

Data Gathering InstrumentsThis study used the following research instruments in gathering

the needed data.

Questionnaire. A one-page questionnaire for the students and a questionnaire addressed to the parents and teachers of the Scholasticans were designed for use in this study. The required time to complete these questionnaires was estimated to be 5 minutes. It was formulated for the researchers to seek and gather perceptions that will answer their statement of the problem.Documentary Analysis. Documentary analysis refers to the study of content of written materials. In this study the researchers used books, theories, thesis, articles, newspaper clippings, journals and other sources in view of the perceptions of the students, parents and teachers of why the 12-year educational plan should be implemented or not in St. Scholastica’s Academy Marikina.

Data Gathering Procedure

•The researcher sought facts from written materials in different libraries such as the High School Department Library of St. Scholastica’s Academy Marikina and Ateneo de Manila, Marikina Library and the Chemistry Library of The University of the Philippines, Diliman.

•After gathering all these essentials, the researchers formulated their survey questions and figured out to do two different questionnaires specific for the students, parents and teachers.

•After the approval of Language coordinator, Ms. Menere Nasiad (for the list of the questions that we formulated), the researchers disseminated all 208 questionnaires to the students of I-St. Clare, II-St. Anne, III-St. Gertrude and IV-St. Veronica and used simple random sampling to a number of their teachers of different subjects and of course, some parents. After a few days, they collected all their survey questionnaires and finally tallied it.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The statistical technique that the researchers have used in treating the data that they have gathered, were the following:

Arithmetic mean. The researchers used the Weighted Mean method, but since they did not assign any value for the choices and considered each of its weight to be equal, the researchers can simply use the arithmetic method. Generally the only difference between the weighted mean and arithmetic mean is that, in the former contribution of the value of Xi differs while the former have the same values of Xi.

The arithmetic mean can simply be called the mean. It denotes the word average. Therefore if the researchers are getting the mean, they are simply getting the average of the set of numbers. We can arrive at the arithmetic mean by getting the sum of the data, after which divide the sum to the total number of the set. The arithmetic mean of X can be computed through the given equation:

Where:

Indicates the arithmetic mean or the values of the variable Indicates the total number of respondents

: indicates the sum of the frequency

Percentage. The percentage of respondents in each choice for each essential question would also be taken.

It is much easier to use percentage especially with dealing with graphs and charts for the next chapter. The

percentage can be taken by:

P = F x 100N

Where:P = percentageF= frequency

N = number of respondents or sample size

There is a need to get the percentage in order for the researchers to clearly see and compare the quantity of

respondents who agrees in a certain question and those who do not, in the analysis of the given data.

CHAPTER 4PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents, analyzes and interprets the data gathered to answer the questions of whether St. Scholastica’s Academy Marikina should implement or not the 12-year educational plan through the perceptions of the respondents, students, teachers and parents.

Table 1Distribution of Survey Questionnaires to the

Respondents

Status Frequency %

Students (yr.1-4) 169 92.35

Parents 8 4.37

Teachers 6 3.28

Total 183 100

Table 1 showed that majority of the respondents were the high school students of SSAM. The researchers believed that these students were the most concerned group if the proposed K-12 system will push through.

Graph 1This graph shows the different possible factors

why the government proposed the 12-year educational plan.Frequency of

the respondents

The total percentage for every answer is more than 100%, since the respondent’s answer can be two or more. As said, 37.5% of the parents said that the alarming rate of unemployment may be the possible factor for this plan, 75% of them choose choice B that we are just left behind compared to other countries in terms of education, 25% choose choice C that is to fight illiteracy among Filipinos, none choose D which is we are just trying to immitate other countries in terms of educ. On the other hand, the teachers have chosen choice B (83.33%) as the main reason why the government wanted to implement the K12 plan. The second is choice C(50%), the next choice is A(33.33%), lastly is choice D(16.67%)

Graph 2This graph showed the stand of the students, parents

and teachers whether the 12-year educational plan should be implemented or not at SSAM.

Graph 2This graph showed the stand of the students, parents

and teachers whether the 12-year educational plan should be implemented or not at SSAM.

It is visible that the teachers with 66.67% (yes), 33.33% (no) votes were the only ones who agree with the possible implications of the 12 year

educational plan. While the parents with 37.5%(yes), 69.23%(no) votes were not convinced on the

proposed plan. As said, the students themselves with 30.77(yes), 69.23(no) didn’t also agree that the

12-year educ. Plan is really effective.

Graph 3This graph shows the insights of the respondents

regarding the problems that they might encounter if ever the 12-year educational schooling is implemented.

The main problem that the students think they would encounter if ever the 12-year educational plan will be implemented is regarding choice A, the financial matter(85.8%). The second one is choice D, the possible lack of qualified teachers(38.46%). The third is choice C (44.97%) which points out to the facilities of the school. Lastly is choice B(18.93%), because the respondents think that this plan is just a waste of time.

Graph 5This graph shows the respondents’ perception

on who would most benefit if ever the K-12 would push through.

The students’ responses on this graph showed that 54.44% of them think that they themselves would benefit from the 12-year plan, 3.55% voted for the parents, 13.02% have chosen the teachers, 28.99% said it is the government, 34.91% have chosen the school, 13.61% of them have chosen the community, while 26.63% of them chose the country’s economy as the major beneficiary. The parents on the other hand, have chosen the students and the economy(both with 50%0 as the best beneficiaries of the 12-year plan. Lastly, on the side of the teachers, 66.67% of them have chosen choice A, while choices B, C, E and F all have 16.67% each, 66.67% for choice D, and 33.33% for choice G.

CHAPTER 5SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONThis chapter presents the summary, conclusion and recommendations of the study.

SummaryThe major purpose of this study

was to determine the different perceptions of the teachers, parents and the students on the proposed 12-year educational plan. Specifically, this study was undertaken to assess the various responses of the teachers, parents and students of St. Scholastica’s Academy Marikina.

Scope, Purpose and MethodologyThis study identifies and analyzes the

perceptions of the teachers, parents and students on the proposed 12-year educational plan and answers the following questions:1.What are the perceptions of the following people on the proposed 12 year educational plan:

a. studentsb. their parentsc. teachers

2. Will the possibility of having a 12-year schooling affect the following factors:

a. Financial status of a family b. knowledge to be acquired/topics to be added in

the curriculum3. What would be the implications for learning of having 12-year schooling?4. What is the significance between the relationships of the respondents’ perception to the development of Philippine education?

Conclusions

1. The respondents are knowledgeable of the 12-year plan because of the trimedia (television, radio, internet) and also, their teachers have discussed this in class according to the survey. Nevertheless, most of them have different opinions about the possible effects of the 12-year educational plan like:

a. There is no need for the said plan to push through. Instead, improvement on the facilities and textbooks should be made.

b. The teaching quality of educators must be improved.

c. Students are the ones who need to discipline themselves and focus.

d. There must be a regular training or seminars for teachers

2. Most of the students and parents are not in favor in the implementation of the k12 system in SSAM.

3. Teachers are in favor of implementing the k12 system for the following reasons:

a. To improve the quality of education (let say the curriculum)

b. To improve the students’ school performance and for them to have more time in studying their lessons. Having more time would allow the students to easily assess the knowledge they have learned.4. Parents and teachers believed that the most affective factor why the government wanted to implement the 12-year educational plan is because the Philippines was left behind by other countries with regards to education, which in reality is a fact that can be seen if we try to compare their public schools to ours.

Recommendation

Based on the result of the study, the researchers recommend the following:4.The school must first improve its facilities and should hire more qualified teachers before it may implement the 12-year plan.

2. SSAM, as well as other school, must purchase better textbooks that could be utilized by the students to improve their knowledge.

3. SSAM, should give regular seminars to the teachers for them to be updated.

4.For the future researches, it would be nice if they can make a comparison between SSAM’s current curriculum and other schools having 7th grade, or schools that will implement th 12-year educational plan. After which the researchers may gather again the perceptions of the said respondents about the implementation of the 12-year plan in SSAM.

Works Cited

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