Greenpower Nano-Tera Annual Meeting 2013

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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013

GREENPOWERConnecting renewable energy to green mobility using Hydrogen as energy

carrier under the Belenos Clean Power Initiative

Fabiane Oliveira1, Judith Waller1, Robert Tween1, Paul Velut1, Yves Leterrier1,

Jan-Anders Mnson1, Lorenz Gubler2, Lukas Bonorand2, Philip Dietrich2, Gunther Scherer2,

Olha Sereda3, Antonia Neels3, Alex Dommann3, Emmanuel Onillon3,

Bahaa Roustom4, Roger Marquis4, Antoine Toth4, Rexhep Gashi4, Alexandre Closset4

EPFL-PSI-CSEM-BELENOS

(1) Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymres, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne

(2) Paul Scherrer Institut, Research Department General Energy (ENE), CH-5232 Villigen PSI

(3) CSEM, Jacquet Droz 1, CH-2002 Neuchtel(4) Belenos Clean Power Holding Ltd, Seevorstadt 6, CH-2501 Biel/Bienne

Nano-Tera Annual Meeting, Bern, May 30, 2013


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Novel proton-conducting polymer membranes

Novel piezoelectric H2 barrier materials

Novel control station to optimize domestic energy flux

Health monitoring system for hydrogen-related technologies (storage, fuel cell)

Scale-up to demonstrator level (3.5 kW fuel cell + 100 bar storage vessel)

Objectives of the project

The Belenosconcept


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BELENOS

CSEM data & simulation

EPFL gas storage

PSI membranes

composite tank

piezo liner

Process-structure

fundamentals

degradation

State of health

monitoring via CVM

External conditions(weather, grid, )

Process-structure

fundamentals

data processing

safety monitoring

Via piezo liner viscoelastic behavior

Concepts & design

Fuel cell electronic control

Material properties

Specifications of

the control station

Partners and Interactions


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3 HIGHLIGHT STORIES

Proton exchange membranes for fuel cells Self-sensing high pressure H2 storagevessel

Greenpower energy flux optimization


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3 HIGHLIGHT STORIES

Proton exchange membranes for fuel cells Self-sensing high pressure H2 storagevessel



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T= 80C, H2 / O2,p = 2.5 bara

ETFE

C

SO3H

N25 mm

Membrane chemistry

0 1000 2000 3000

Lifetime / h

Grafted membrane

Nafion 212

Nafion XL-100

2 out of 3 membranesstill intact @ 2400 h

Durability under simulated automotive

conditions

membrane H2 crossover (mA/cm2)

Grafted membrane

Nafion 212

Nafion XL-100 2.4

4.1

0.82

durability-critical: lower = better

Proton exchange membranes for fuel cells

Membrane Performance and Durability


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EPFL-PSI collaboration on viscoelastic

phase diagram of proton conducting

membranes

PSI fuel cell demonstrator

6-cell stack with 60 cm2 active area

Leterrier Y., Thivolle J., Oliveira F., Mnson J.-A.E., Gubler L., Ben youcef H., Bonorand L., Scherer G.,'Viscoelastic Phase Diagram of Fluorinated and Grafted Polymer Films and Proton Exchange Membranes for

Fuel Cell Applications', in press in J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys.


1b: uncrosslinked membrane

2b: crosslinked membrane


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PFSA data: M.F. Mathias et al., Electrochem. Soc. Interface14 (2005) 24

estimate based on current

technology (base case)

GM study: no upfront costs

ultimate potential(lowest case)

critical factors: throughput materials utilization

Nafion type membranes


Cost Estimate


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3 HIGHLIGHT STORIES


Self-sensing high pressure H2 storagevessel



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Self-sensing high pressure H2 storage vessel

Commercial H2 storage vessels (thick polymer liner +

metal + carbon fiber composites) are expensive and

present a risk of H2

embrittlement

Development of a novel gas-barrier and piezoelectric

polymer nanocomposite membrane (EPFL-CSEM

collaboration on process-structure-property relations)

The Greenpower project combines for the first time a

self-sensing liner with a cost-effective composite

production process


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4 kg H2 needed to drive a fuel cell car 400 km (45 m3 at ambient -> 0.11 m3 at 400 bar)

Schlapbach, L. Zttel, A. Hydrogen-storage materials for mobile applications, Nature, 414 (2001)

piezosensorandhydrogen

barriermembrane(PVDF)

carbonfiberreinforced

polymercompositeshell

polyamidelineraluminiumconnec on


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Collaboration EPFL-CSEM on process-structure-property relations in piezo-electric polymer materials

Proportion of piezoelectric -phase in modified PVDF-TrFE: 95%

30% increase in piezoelectric coefficient

10 x reduction of gas permeation

0 8 16 24 32 40 48

10C

30C

50C

40C

Annealing time [h]

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 10 20 30 40 50

0h2h

4h

16h

24h

48h

Temperature [C]

P[1016c

m3 c

mc

m-2s

-1P

a-1]

0

20

40

60

80

0 20 40 60

A B

Oxygen permeability of modified PVDF-TrFE In-situ XRD analysis of PVDF-TrFE


S. Dalle Vacche, et al., The effect of processing conditions on the morphology,thermomechanical, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of P(VDF-

TrFE)/BaTiO3 composites, J. Mater. Sci., 47, 4763-4774 (2012).


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Silver electrode

Composite shell

piezo

sensorPA12 Liner


1 liter, 100 bars

demonstrator


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3 HIGHLIGHT STORIES


Self-sensing high pressure H2 storagevessel



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Greenpower energy flux optimisation

Commercial photovoltaic (PV) management systems are

limited to monitoring of PV installations

The Greenpower project considers the house and

associated hydrogen car as a system and develops

adaptive prediction of energy production, consumption

and storage capability

Health monitoring of the car fuel cell and hydrogen

storage included in the management system, leading to

financial savings up to 26% depending on the electricity

sale/resale scheme


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Energy flux optimization at domestic level, relying

on energy consumption and production

prediction, with development of:

the necessary prediction adaptive algorithms

the necessary optimization algorithms

installation health monitoring

validation platform



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Novel energy flow management at domestic level taking into account:

prediction of renewable energy production

consumption needs

To be presented at the 4th International Conference on Clean Electrical Power,

ICCEP 2013, 11-13 June, Alghero, Sardinia, Italy



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Development of a validation platform for the prediction and optimization

algorithms (car energy needs were simulated)

Savings up to 26% depending on the electricity sale/resale scheme


To be presented at the 4th International Conference on Clean Electrical Power,

ICCEP 2013, 11-13 June, Alghero, Sardinia, Italy


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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013CONFIDENTIAL

Greenpower real scale fuel cell system

Fuel Cell system design & construction

PAC30 [kW]

60[kW]

HVB

30 [kW]

Brake

20 [kW]

EV system architecture


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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013CONFIDENTIAL

Greenpower dedicated power electronics

21

Cell Voltage Monitoring

Energy Control Unit

40kW DC/DC

Vehicle integration

Software Interface

CAN-to-Sensor Interface


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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013 22

Fuel Cell system integration

H2 gas filling interface

Greenpower real scale system integration


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Greenpower real life testing


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Greenpower real scale solar filling station


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DEMONSTRATORS

Nano-Tera Annual Meeting, Bern, May 30, 2013


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Acknowledgements

Swiss National Science Foundation

Pr. Damjanovic, Ceramics Laboratory, EPFL

Greenpower Nano-Tera Annual Meeting 2013

Documents

Transcript of Greenpower Nano-Tera Annual Meeting 2013