Irsens nano-tera 2013

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nanotechnology, nanosensors, drug detection

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  • IRSENS

    Plenary meeting Bern May 30th, 2013

    Integrated sensing platform for gases and liquids in the near and mid-infrared range

    J. Faist, P. Jouy

    ETH Zurich

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Sensing needs

    Sensing of small molecules (CO, CO2, NxOy, ...)

    Environment (Pollution, Modelling)

    Medicine (Diagnosis, Monitoring)

    gas fluid

    Sensitive Selective Portable, Low Power

    Infrared Spectroscopy Semiconductor System

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Approach: optical sensing

    Laser detector

    N O

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Project Synopsis: Partners

    Gas

    Liquid

    Sources Interaction

    system

    Benchmarking

    Software

    Detection

    Combine expertise of 7 Swiss groups:

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Pilot/focus applications

    Gas: CO2 isotope ratios, e.g for plant respiration monitoring environment Liquid: Cocaine in saliva detection (presence yes/no) traffic security Platform: develop tools and techniques

    Collaboration with industry (EPFL + industrial partner)

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Measurements in Gases

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    12C16O2: Main isotope.

    13C16O2: indicator for heliobacter pyroli stomach cancer

    18O12C16O: quantifiy soil exchange processes.

    17O12C16O: tracer for stratospheric air.

    Absorption Signature of CO2 Isotopes

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Absorption Signature of CO2 Isotopes

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Gas sensor: block diagram

    Source: DFB Quantum Cascade Laser

    Interaction system: cylindrical mirror cell

    Detection: Quantum Cascade Detector

    Compared to standard systems: - Replace MCT detector with III-V based quantum cascade detector - Develop a new interaction cell

    Goal: all parts have a low production cost in large volume

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Gas sensor: toroidal multipass reflection cell

    Angle of incidence: =3.103 deg Number of Passes: 29 Pathlength: 232 cm

    Large incidence angle for short absorption path

    B. Tuzson, M. Mangold, H. Looser, A. Manninen, L. Emmenegger, Opt. Lett. 38, 257 (2013).

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Gas sensor: toroidal multipass reflection cell

    Small incidence angle for long absorption path

    Angle of incidence: =1.765 deg Number of Passes: 51 Pathlength: 408 cm

    B. Tuzson, M. Mangold, H. Looser, A. Manninen, L. Emmenegger, Opt. Lett. 38, 257 (2013).

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    With absorption mask

    Without absorption mask -> interference, fringes

    A patent was filed protecting the use of an absorption mask in a gas cell for MIR laser spectroscopy.

    M. Mangold, B. Tuzson and L. Emmenegger, "Method for reducing fringes in laser spectroscopy measurements using an absorption mask in combination with multi-pass optical cells". Switzerland Patent 01884/12, 2012.

    Gas sensor: toroidal cell with Fringe Killer

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Quantum cascade detector

    Active region and responsivity of QCD

    D. Hofstetter, J. Di Francesco, L. Hvozdarara, H.-P. Herzig, M. Beck, Appl. Phys. B 103, 967 (2011).

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Quantum cascade detector

    Custom-made preamp for QCD

    D. Hofstetter, J. Di Francesco, L. Hvozdarara, H.-P. Herzig, M. Beck, Appl. Phys. B 103, 967 (2011).

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Gas sensor: packaging

    Measuring gases live in the exhibition!

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Gas sensor: packaging

    Light source: a quantum cascade laser

    Interaction system: a multipass reflection cell

    Light detector: a quantum cascade detector

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    - Full control on experimental environment, laser operation, and data acquisition

    - Real-time fitting engine (up to 1kHz)

    - Directly linked to HITRAN database

    13CO2 to 12CO2 isotope ratio measurements

    100 101 102 103 104Averaging time (s)

    1

    0.1

    Rel

    . sta

    ndar

    d de

    viat

    ion

    ()

    Isotope ratio measurement precision of 0.2 .

    Ultra-compact CO2 isotope analyzer

    Good commercialization potential

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Measurements in Liquids

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Measurements in liquids

    QCL Source

    QCD Detector

    Inlets and mixer Outlet

    Waveguide

    M Technological blocks: M QCL source, waveguide, QCD detector, microfluidics

    M Benchmarking of the measurements M Compatible solvent: TCE (tetrachloroethylene) M Extraction and spectroscopy: ATR and direct detection

    M Integration

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Measurements in liquids: benchmarking with FTIR

    100011001200130014001500160017001800

    0

    0.01

    0.02

    0.03

    0.04

    0.05

    0.06

    Abs

    orba

    nce

    Wavenumber [cm1]

    Comparison between spectra of pure cocaine, TCE phase of an extract from saliva spiked with pure cocaine and of an extract of saliva spiked with street cocaine (from the Forensic Science Institute Zurich)

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Measurements in liquids: Si/Ge waveguides

    Evanescence interaction:

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Measurements in liquids: waveguide geometries

    10 mm Limit of detection: 50 g/ml

    Limit of detection: 5 g/ml

    Improvements to integrate:

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Droplet Generation Parallel Flow Extraction Drainage

    Merging Parallel Flow

    outlet

    inlet

    Measurements in liquids: real microfluidic extraction

    Saliva PCE Cocaine

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Measurements in liquids: all integrated system

    Cocaine measurement in saliva using the all in one chip:

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Measurements in liquids: status

    Cocaine concentration

    in saliva Detection limit of

    our system Real life

    equivalence

    After one dose: 500 g/ml

    5 g/ml

    Legal limit: 20 ng/ml

    All integrated system

    Long waveguide-liquid interaction

    100 g/ml

    Integration of reference channel and stabilization to

    reach I / I = 10-5

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Other developments: VCSEL

    Technology development: Wafer-fused VCSELs emitting around 7600 cm-1

    AlGaAs/GaAs based material (High refractive index contrast)

    InAlGaAs/InP based material (High efficiency for 1200-1600 nm range)

    Spectroscopy applications:

    HF step detection Ammonia and methane spectra

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Wafer fused 1310 nm VCSEL performance

    10 Gbps @ 20C, ER=3.5 dB, 231)

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Other developments: APD and SPAD array

    light source

    Performance (APD/linear mode) Min. Max Unit

    Dark current @ 1V reverse bias 2 20 pA

    Active area 4 40 m2

    Breakdown voltage 9 13 V

    Performance (Geiger mode)

    DCR @ Ve = 1V 10 60 kHz

    Id/Iref @ Ve=3V 25 %

    FWHM Time jitter 900 ps

    Excess bias voltage 0 4 V

    Avalanche photo diodes:

    Single Photon Avalanche Diodes array:

    Exceptionally good current-voltage characteristics!

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Publications this year

    M Sensing cocaine in saliva with infrared laser spectroscopy, Kerstin M.-C. Hans, Matthias Mller, Michele Gianella, Ph. Wgli and Markus W. Sigrist, Proc. SPIE 8591, 85910F (2013)

    M Infrared detection of cocaine in saliva with a one-step extraction submitted

    M Low-loss germanium strip waveguides on silicon for the mid-infrared, Y.-C. Chang, V. Paeder, L. Hvozdara, J.-M. Hartmann, and H. P. Herzig, Optics Letters 37, 2883 (2012).

    M Cocaine detection by a mid-infrared waveguide integrated with a microfluidic chip , Y.-C. Chang, P. Wgli, V. Paeder, A. Homsy, L. Hvozdara, P. van der Wal, J. Di Francesco, N. F. de Rooij, and H. Peter Herzig, Lab on a Chip 12, 3020 (2012).

    M Compact multipass optical cell for laser spectroscopy, B. Tuzson, M. Mangold, H. Looser, A. Manninen, L. Emmenegger, Opt. Lett. 38, 257 (2013).

    M Droplet-based liquid-liquid extraction and on-chip IR-waveguide-spectroscopy: detection of cocaine in human saliva, P. Waegli, PhD manuscript (2012).

    M A Ge-on-Si Single Photon Avalanche Diode Operating in Geiger Mode at Infrared Wavelengths, M. Aminian, A. Sammak, L. K. Nanver, and E. Charbon, SPIE Defense, Security and Sensing 2012

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    Conclusion

    M All integrated gas detection demonstrator M First combination of QCL with QCD M State of the art measurements on CO2 isotopes (13C/12C ratio: 0.6 accuracy in 1s and 0.1 in 250s)

    M Improvement of the detection limit (better QCD sensitivity, optimization of the gas cell)

    M Multi gas detection (IrNOX and IrSens II) M Commercialization/industralization

    M Integrated microfluidic system for liquid-liquid extraction mounted on a Si/Ge waveguide

    M ATR measurements down to 5 g/ml concentrations

    M Preconcentration microfluidic system M Integration of a reference channel and longer

    waveguide-liquid interaction

    M Development of wafer-fused VCSELs around 7600 cm-1 M Detection of several species (HF, Ammonia, Methane) M Characterization of APD with extremely good I-V properties M Optimization of VCSELs geometry for industrial production M Characterization of SPADs arrays

  • Nano-Tera annual meeting, 30. 5. 2013 IrSens Jerome Faist

    ETH K.Hans, Markus Sigrist M. Beck, B. Hinkov, P. Jouy, J. Faist EPFL E. Kapon, A. Sirbu, V. Yakovlev E. Charbon, P. Keijzer, M.Aminian A. Homsy, P. Wagli, N. DeRooij, L. Hvozdara, J. Di Francesco, Yu-Chi Chang, H.P Herzig

    EMPA B. Tuzson, J. Jagerska, M. Mangold, L. Emmenegger

    UNINE A. Wirthmueller, D. Hofstetter

    FHNWS H. Looser, W. Koch

    IrSens team