i-IronIC, Nano-Tera Conference 2013

7/28/2019 i-IronIC, Nano-Tera Conference 2013

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I-IRONICG. De Micheli, Q. Huang,

L. Thoeny-Meyer, Y. Leblebici,

C. Dehollain, F. Grassi, S. Carrara


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What is I-Ironic?

Implantable/wearable system for on-line

monitoring of human metabolic conditions


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Outline

Motivation, objectives and overview

The nanobiosensortechnology

Control and readout circuit for multi-target biosensing

Microelectronic circuits for data

acquisition and energy harvesting

System biocompatibility

Conclusions and outlook


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Objectives

Innovative

Nanobiosensors for

drug and inflammation

monitoring

Fully implantable

device

Remote poweringand

Data transmission


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Scientific highlights

Realization and test ofnanostructured biosensors(nanobiosensors)

Increased sensitivity and lower detection limit

Targeted various metabolites (drugs, glucose, lactate, glutamate, ATP)

Genetically-engineered probes for higher robustness

Data acqu isi t ionelectronics

Integrated

Low power

Programmable

Power and data transmission means

Multilayer inductive coil for both power and data transmission

Experimentation with various transmission strategies


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Prototype: implant

20 x 4.2 x 3 mm


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Prototype: external patch

FEATURES

Remote powering through inductive link

Short-range bidirectional

communication

Long-range comm. with remote devices

ADVANTAGES

Improved wearability

Direct placement over implant area

Stand alone

Battery-powered


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Control and readout circuit for multi-

target biosensing





Outline


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The nanobiosensor concept

BARE ELECTRODE

CARBON NANOTUBES

MWCNT + PROBE ENZYMES

Boero, Carrara et al. / IEEE PRIME 2009

Boero, Carrara et al. / IEEE ICME 2010

De Venuto, al. et Carrara / IEEE Senors 2010

Boero, Carrara et al. / Sensors & Actuators B 2011

Carrara et al. / Biosensors and Bioelectronics 2011

Boero, Carrara et al. / IEEE T on NanoBioScience 2011

10.3 1.14 nm

19.9 3.38 nm

3.6

nm

5.2 nm

4.9

nm


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Carbon nanotube benefits

Sensor sensitivity is enhanced byCNT nanostructuration

~ 7.5 times more


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Nanobiosensors sensitivity and range

Metabolite Sensitivity(A/mM cm2)

Range(mM)

Detection limit(S/N = 3) (M)

Glucose 27.7 0.5 4 73Lactate 40.1 0.5 2.5 28

Glutamate 25.5 0.5 2 195ATP 3.42 0.5 1.4 208


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Engineered probes for biosensors

Protein engineering can produce better enzymesfor biosensors

Higher affinity for analytes

Higher stability Improved coupling efficiency

Improved immobilization and orientation

N-terminal domain for

improved immobilization


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Outline




target biosensing






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Control and Readout IC

DAC

DC shift& Gain

IV. Potentiostat

II. CV readout

V. OCP measurement

up/down

counter

I WE

III. CA readout

CV_out

CA_out

PH_out

OP2

OP3

Gain

Buf.

Buf.

Rm

9bitsCLK

(5kHz)

Slope

controlI. Triangular waveform generator

OP1

I WE

Switch PH

WE1

WE2

WE3

WE4

WE5

CE

RE

MUX

IrOxE

Mu

lti-targetbiosensor

Electronic interface

Q S

nQ

R

Iref

C

1.35V

0.45V

1.55V

0.9V

1.8V

VC

VC

Adder

Current mirror

Current to frequency

converter

Layout of the fabricated IC(0.18um technology)

Low power, to be remotelypowered

Covering a wide range ofbiosensors with differentcharacteristics

Intelligent, to ease thehost side implementation

High accuracy


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IC Measurement Results

Measurement setup

Timing schedule for multi-target detection and calibration

Lactate measurementCA and CV measurement


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Architecture of the Frontend Electronics

14 bit ADC

DAC sharing

Sensor Conditioning

2 sensing sites for pH

and temperature

Configurable multi-

target platform

(7 sensing sites)


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Outline




target biosensing






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Inductive Link

Wireless power transfer through inductive link

Bidirectional data communication


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IronIC PatchPower Transmission

Battery Life

Up to 15 mW transmitted within 6 mm in air

Downlink communication up to 100 kbps

Bluetooth communication (Class-2)

Uplink communication up to 66.6 kbps

Stand-by mode: 10 hours

Power mode: 1.5 hours

Up to 1.17 mW transmitted within 17 mmbeef sirloin

Data Transmission


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Power & Data Transmission

Downlink Bitstream 100 kbps Uplink Bitstream 66.6 kbps

Power

Data


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Multi-layer Receiving Inductors

Higher link efficiency (up to 35% higher)

Higher voltage gain (up to one order of

magnitude higher)


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Micro-fabricated Spiral Inductors

Trace thickness: 60 m

Inductor size: 14.88 x 2 mm

Inductance value: 0.46 H

Received power: up to 8.7 mW (6 mm)

Overall efficiency: 3.54% (6 mm)


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Power and Data Integrated Module


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Alternative @ 2.45 GHz

TX Antenna Design at 2.45 GHz

Microstrip Patch Antenna

Directive far-field radiation

50 input impedance

6.5 dB Gain

6 cm

8 cm

Antenna


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Outline




target biosensing






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Challanges

Prevent Cu leaking (coil)

Prevent CNT diffusion (sensors)

Prevent circuit corrosion

Prevent sensors biofouling

Investigations:

Cytotoxicity tests

In-vivo tests

Solutions:

Parylene C inner coating

USP class 6Silicone external coating

CNT entrapement in chitosan + outer

membrane

Biocompatibility research


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I n vivoinflammation

Subcutaneous implant in mice

No significant inflammation after30 days


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Outline




target biosensing






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Conclusions

Continuous care of chronic patients is possiblethrough specialized bio-electronics

Current FDA approved devices are mainly

For glucose monitoring

Wearable devices

Electronic implants represent the near future

technology and can be more patient-friendly

Challenges include the plurality of technologies as

well as the interaction with the human body


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Thank you

Andrea Cavallini Sara Ghoreishizadeh Seyedeh

Irene Taurino

Jacopo Olivo

Kazanc Onur

Tanja Rezzonico

Michele Proietti

Renate Reiss Michael Richter

Michael Fairhead


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Thank you

i-IronIC, Nano-Tera Conference 2013

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