French Revolution

Terms

• Versailles • Estates General • First, Second, and Third

Estate • National Assembly • Louis XVI • French Revolution • Maximilian Robespierre • Tennis Court Oath • Declaration of the Rights

of Man

• Jacobins • Sans Coullettes • Committee of Public

Safety • The Moderate Phase • The Radical Phase • The Reign of Terror • The Bastille • The Great Fear

Terms contd

• The Reign of Terror

• “Thermidorian Reaction”

• The Directory

• Battle of the Nile (1798)

• Admiral Horatio Nelson

• Saint Dominigue/Haiti

• Toussaint L’Overture

• Haitian Revolution

• Napoleon Bonaparte

The state of France in 1780s

• What is a revolution?

• The causes of most revolutions?

– Discontent over taxes coupled with radical ideas for reorganization of government

French Revolution: The Moderate Phase

• Summer 1788: Parlement of Paris is exiled

• 1788-1789: collection of cahiers

• May 4th, 1789: Estates General meets at Versailles

• June 17th, 1789: creation of the National Assembly

• June 20th, 1789: Oath of the Tennis Court

• June 27th, 1789: All three estates meet as the National Assembly

French Revolution: The Moderate Phase

• July 14th, 1789: Storming of the Bastille

• July- August, 1789: the Great Fear

• Night of August 4th, 1789: end of aristocratic privileges

• August 26th, 1789: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

• October 5th, 1789: march on Versailles (October Days)

• Civil Constitution of the Clergy and assignats issued by the National Assembly

• 1791: Constitution issued, flight of the royal family to Varennes

The Bastille

The Bastille – Today a roundabout

French Revolution: The Radical Phase

• 1791: Royal family tries to flee and captured at Varennes (now officially branded traitors)

• April 1792: War with Austria and Prussia declared

• Summer 1792: Paris radicalizing under the influence of Jacobins and sans-culottes

• September 22, 1792: Declaration of the Republic

The Guillotine

• Invented well before 1793, seen as humane

• Called Guillotine after Dr. Guillotin

• Robespierre wielded most power on the Committee of Public Safety

• 100,000+ deaths

• Used until 1970s

French Revolution: The Radical Phase

• January 21, 1793: Louis XVI executed via guillotine (Marie Antoinette executed in October, 1793)

• Spring 1793: leveé en masse • Spring 1793: start of unrest in the Vendeé, creation of the

Royal and Catholic Armies • April 1793: Creation of the Committee of Public Safety, led

by Robespierre • June 1793: Girondins arrested • July 1793: Charlotte Corday assassinates Jean-Paul Marat • September 1793: Robespierre officially launches The Terror • June 1794: Robespierre leads festival for the Cult of the

Supreme Being

https://silverandexact.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/liberty-leading-the-people-eugc3a8ne-delacroix-1830.jpg

http://www.visionsoftravel.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Museum+of+Mobile+_39_.jpg

Fall of Robespierre and the Conservative Reaction

• June, 1794: Robespierre hosts the Festival of the Supreme Being

• Terror death toll: 40,000 executed, 300,000 arrested

• July 27th, 1794/ 9th of Thermidor year II: Robespierre arrested (Known as the Thermidorian Reaction)

• 1795 Directory is created

Saint-Dominigue/ Haiti

• 1791: Slaves in Saint-Dominigue revolt

• 1793: France offered Freedom to any slave who joined the French army

• 1798-1801: Under L’Overture, Saint-Dominigue rids themselves of most foreign troops

• 1802: Napoleon’s troops invade, but soon loses most men to yellow fever

• 1804: Saint-Dominigue is renamed Haiti and is officially independent

End of Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte

• 1796: Commander of the French Army in Italy at age 27

• 1798: defeated in Egypt by Admiral Horatio Nelson in Battle of the Nile

• 1799: Returns to France and stages a coup

• Creates the Consulate, with himself as first consul

• 1801: Concordat with the Pope

Statue of Nelson in Trafalgar Square