The French Revolution Objective: Describe the French Revolution.
French revolution
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Transcript of French revolution
Introduction
• The French society will undergo an epic transformation:
• FeudalAristocratic privileges evaporatedReligious
• Different social groups will take an active part in politics:
Bourgeoisie Mass from the streets Peasants Army
• Different Political Regimes:Constitutional MonarchyRadical RepublicModerate RepublicEmpire
• Ideas: Enlightment, American Revolution
• Social Problems: Three Estates (anachronic)
• Economical Problems: Deficit (American War of Independence)
• Political Crisis: Burgesses wanted to take an active part in politic
Phases The Estates-General (1789)
The Constituent Assembly (1789-1791)
The Constitutional Monarchy (1791-1792)
The National Convention (1792 – 1795)
The Girondin Convention (1792-1793)
The Jacobin Convention (1793-1795)
(Reign of Terror)
The Directory (1795-1799)
Estates-General (1789)
• Louis XVI called the meeting of the Estates General
• Cahiers de Doleances Great expectations• 5 May 1789: Estates General• Problem with the voting system:– Nobles & Clergy: wanted a vote per Estate.– Third Estate: wanted a vote per person.
National Assembly (1789-1792)
• 17 June: The Third Estate declared himself to be the “National Assembly” and to represent the Nation.
• 3 Days Later: they moved to the Tennis Court• Tennis Court Oath• The king gathered troops around Versailles• 14 July 1789: Storming of the Bastille• July-August 1789: La Grande Peur • August Decrees:
o Abolished Feudalism: seigneurial rights (administer laws, taxes) and tithes from the clergy
o Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
Tennis Court Oath
Storming of The Bastille
Constitutional Monarchy (October 1791-August 1792)
•Powers:o Elected Assemblyo Kingo Constitution
•Flight to Varennes ( June 1791)•National Assembly declared war to Austria •They lost the war•Insurrection of August Riots all-around Paris•National Convention
National Convention (1792-95)
• New Constitution (Popular Sovereignty)• New Regime Republic• New Calendar (20th September: I Year)• Political Groups– The Mountain (montagnards)– The Girondins
• Committee of Public Safety controlled by Robespierre
• 21st January 1973: Louis XVI was executed
Public Execution of Luis XVI
Robespierre
• They imposed a policy of terror• 40.000 people died• Protests in the countryside
against the Revolution: La Vendée
• Levée en masse (Leva en masa). All single men were required to join the army
• Military victories• Social Laws: prices for the bread, for the
salaries, right to work…
• July 1794
• Coup of Termidor
• The Directory
• People grew tired of the Reign of Terror• Army was becoming more prominent
The Directory (1795-1799)
• It’s a reaction against the radicalism of jacobins and a return to the moderate ideas of the first moments of the revolution.
• The political power is controlled again by the upper classes upper bourgeoisie
• New Constitution– More moderate– Two Courts– Executive power controlled by 5 members in order to
avoid a new Dictatorship. It’s called “The Directory”
• Strong Repression: Robespierre & 84 people were executed
• Double opposition Royalists (support Bourbons) Jacobins
• The Army was winning great victories• Napoleon: Italian Campaign & Egiptian expedition
(defeated by Nelson)
• The Directory lost support in France, people began to look for a strong leader.
• November, 1799: Coup of Brumario • The Consulate: Bonaparte, Sièyes and Ducos.
Bonaparte in the 18th Brumaire
Achievements of French Revolution
• The privileges of nobles and clergy were abolished• The nobles wouldn’t administer justice anymore• Taxes were unified• Constitutions : that will control the power of
monarchs• Separation of powers• Elections• Political parties• Newspapers