Questions from Class

1. High potassium: hyperkalemia2. Name 2 food sources that contain potassium: bananas, potatoes, spinach, beans, tomatoes, broccoli3. Normal lab values for sodium: 135-145 mEq4. Respiratory Acid/Base regulation is controlled by what organ: lungs5. What system regulates metabolic: kidneys. Not fast. takes hours. Resp takes minutes6. Hypoventilation is a result of: respiratory acidosis 7. Causes of hypoventilation: shock, systic fibrosis 8. Normal pH: 7.35-7.459. Greater than 7.45: alkalosis 10. Potassium level of 9: death 11. A patient is severly hypokalemic, going to give him 5 mg of potassium IV push – NO12. What are symptoms of metabolic acidosis: kassmuals breathing13. pH is sliding below 7.4 indicates: acidosis 14. Respirations Opposite Metabolic Equal15. HCO3 is 22-26. If pH is 7.5 and HCO3 is 30, what will patient exhibit: (metabolic alkalosis) nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, restlessness, slow respirations, arrhythmias16. pH is 7.49, PCO2 is 20, patient is experiencing: respiratory alkalosis 17. When checking pt’s EKG, I notice wide QRS, which resemble tombstones, I suspect: hyperkalemia18. It is important to monitor electrolytes because they are important to the cardiac function of my client: true.19. What chronic problems contributes to disorders of magnesium, floride and phosphorus: alcohol.20. Name one of the two signs which indicates calcium less than 4.0mg/dL: tresseaus and chevek’s 21. Why do we use mag sulfate with cardiac pts? Increases contractions 22. It’s a very hot day, client complains of feeling clammy and exhibits dry mucous membranes, what lab might you expect to be ordered? Sodium and all23. Pt just experienced thyroidectomy, what lab value should you keep close eye on: calcium24. ICF: intracellular fluid25. What population experiences greatest volume turnover: children/infants26. Elderly clients experience blunted thirst: true.27. Name ways the body discards fluid: urine, feces, insensible fluid, lung, skin, sweat28. Continual mingling of molecules in liquids, gases, or solids brought about by random movement is: diffusion29. Substances dissolved in a liquid are known as: solutes (example: salt, sugar)30. Movement of water across cell membrane from less concentrated to more concentrated: osmosis31. Charged particles: ions

32. What are positive ions: cations33. Electrolytes are capable of conducting electricity: true34. Negative ions: anions35. The state which the body is able to maintain a balance: homeostasis36. The system primarily responsible for regulation of body fluids and balance: kidneys37. It is the end of the shift, you’re responsible for client’s I/O. For breakfast, they drank coffee, 240 ml, juice, 120 ml, IV fluids there was 250 ml left when you came on, and 300 are left now, 50 ml antibiotic. Foley drained 900 ml and 2 BMs: intake 1360, output is 900.38. A client is complaining of muscle weakness, feeling irritable, and very tired all the time. You notice the pt is on calan SR and lasix diuretic; what lab value to look at: potassium, because diuretic pulls potassium with it.39. A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing decrease in sodium levels, what should nurses priority be on: safety b/c of altered mental status40. When caring for an adult client diagnosed with hyponatremia, the nurse plans to restrict which of the following: water, sodium, potassium, or floride… water!41. Which of the following could potassium levels would be greatest concern to nurse of client taking furesimide: 5.0, 4.3, 3.4, 3.1…. 3.142. Kayexelate could be given to a client with what imbalance: high potassium43. What type of diuretic pulls potassium: loop diuretic 44. What lab would nurse monitor for both cardiac and a premature labor client: magnesium 45. A nurse is caring for an anorexic 16 year old, 50 year old alcoholic, a 47 year old female with partial ectomy surgery, and 82 year old with chronic renal failure, which is most at risk for hypermagnesium? 82 year old with renal46. When comparing acidosis and alkalosis, what lab values would be a priority to the nurse? pH47. What action should the nurse take initially to avoid acid/base imbalance when a client becomes anxious and starts to hyperventilate? Breathe into paper bag, stop breathing fast, call for help, breathe with them

Questions from a random website

1. A client with hypoparathyroidism complains of numbness and tingling in his fingers and around the mouth. The nurse would assess for what electrolyte imbalance?A.HyponatremiaB.HypocalcemiaC.HyperkalemiaD.Hypermagnesemia

2. The nurse evaluates which of the following clients to be at risk for developing hypernatremia?A.50-year-old with pneumonia, diaphoresis, and high fevers

B.62-year-old with congestive heart failure taking loop diureticsC.39-year-old with diarrhea and vomitingD.60-year-old with lung cancer and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

3. A client is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis who, with treatment, has a normal blood glucose, pH, and serum osmolality. During assessment, the client complains of weakness in the legs. Which of the following is a priority nursing intervention?A.Request a physical therapy consult from the physicianB.Ensure the client is safe from falls and check the most recent potassium levelC.Allow uninterrupted rest periods throughout the dayD.Encourage the client to increase intake of dairy products and green leafy vegetables.

4. A client with a potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L is to receive sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) orally. After administering the drug, the priority nursing action is to monitorA.urine output.B.blood pressure.C.bowel movements.D.ECG for tall, peaked T waves.

5. The nurse is caring for a client who has been in good health up to the present and is admitted with cellulitis of the hand. The client's serum potassium level was 4.5 mEq/L yesterday. Today the level is 7 mEq/L. Which of the following is the next appropriate nursing action?A.Call the physician and report resultsB.Question the results and redraw the specimenC.Encourage the client to increase the intake of bananasD.Initiate seizure precautions

6. A client is receiving an intravenous magnesium infusion to correct a serum level of 1.4 mEq/L. Which of the following assessments would alert the nurse to immediately stop the infusion?A.Absent patellar reflexB.DiarrheaC.Premature ventricular contractionsD.Increase in blood pressure

7. A client with chronic renal failure reports a 10 pound weight loss over 3 months and has had difficulty taking calcium supplements. The total calcium is 6.9 mg/dl. Which of the following would be the first nursing action?A.Assess for depressed deep tendon reflexesB.Call the physician to report calcium levelC.Place an intravenous catheter in anticipation of administering calcium gluconate

D.Check to see if a serum albumin level is available

8. A client with heart failure is complaining of nausea. The client has received IV furosemide (Lasix), and the urine output has been 2500 ml over the past 12 hours. The client's home drugs include metoprolol (Lopressor), digoxin (Lanoxin), furosemide, and multivitamins. Which of the following are the appropriate nursing actions before administering the digoxin? Select all that apply.A.Administer an antiemetic prior to giving the digoxinB.Encourage the client to increase fluid intakeC.Call the physicianD.Report the urine outputE.Report indications of nausea

9. The nurse is caring for a bedridden client admitted with multiple myeloma and a serum calcium level of 13 mg/dl. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing action?A.Provide passive ROM exercises and encourage fluid intakeB.Teach the client to increase intake of whole grains and nutsC.Place a tracheostomy tray at the bedsideD.Administer calcium gluconate IM as ordered

10. An older adult client admitted with heart failure and a sodium level of 113 mEq/L is behaving aggressively toward staff and does not recognize family members. When the family expresses concern about the client's behavior, the nurse would respond most appropriately by statingA."The client may be suffering from dementia, and the hospitalization has worsened the confusion."B."Most older adults get confused in the hospital."C."The sodium level is low, and the confusion will resolve as the levels normalize."D."The sodium level is high and the behavior is a result of dehydration."

11. A client with a serum sodium of 115 mEq/L has been receiving 3% NS at 50 ml/hr for 16 hours. This morning the client feels tired and short of breath. Which of the following interventions is a priority?A.Turn down the infusionB.Check the latest sodium levelC.Assess for signs of fluid overloadD.Place a call to the physician

13. A client is receiving intravenous potassium supplementation in addition to maintenance fluids. The urine output has been 120 ml every 8 hours for the past 16 hours and the next dose is due. Before administering the next potassium dose, which of the following is the priority nursing action?A.Encourage the client to increase fluid intakeB.Administer the dose as orderedC.Draw a potassium level and administer the dose if the level is low or normal

D.Notify the physician of the urine output and hold the dose

14. The nurse should monitor for clinical manifestations of hypophosphatemia in which of the following clients?A.A client with osteoporosis taking vitamin D and calcium supplementsB.A client who is alcoholic receiving total parenteral nutritionC.A client with chronic renal failure awaiting the first dialysis runD.A client with hypoparathyroidism secondary to thyroid surgery

15. A client admitted with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung has a serum calcium level of 14 mg/dl. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which of the following foods upon discharge? Select all that apply.A.EggsB.BroccoliC.Organ meatsD.NutsE.Canned salmon

16. A client with pancreatitis has been receiving potassium supplementation for four days since being admitted with a serum potassium of 3.0 mEq/L. Today the potassium level is 3.1 mEq/L. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse check before notifying the physician of the client's failure to respond to treatment?A.SodiumB.PhosphorusC.CalciumD.Magnesium

17. The nurse should include which of the following instructions to assist in controlling phosphorus levels for a client in renal failure?A.Increase intake of dairy products and nutsB.Take aluminum-based antacids such as aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel) with or after mealsC.Reduce intake of chocolate, meats, and whole grainsD.Avoid calcium supplements

18. A client with pneumonia presents with the following arterial blood gases: pH of 7.28, PaCO2 of 74, HCO3 of 28 mEq/L, and PO2 of 45, which of the following is the most appropriate nursing intervention?A.Administer a sedativeB.Place client in left lateral positionC.Place client in high-Fowler's positionD.Assist the client to breathe into a paper bag

19. A client with COPD feels short of breath after walking to the bathroom on 2 liters of oxygen nasal cannula. The morning's ABGs were pH of 7.36, PaCO2 of 62,

HCO3 of 35 mEq/L, O2 at 88% on 2 liters. Which of the following should be the nurse's first intervention?A.Call the physician and report the change in client's conditionB.Turn the client's O2 up to 4 liters nasal cannulaC.Encourage the client to sit down and to take deep breathsD.Encourage the client to rest and to use pursed-lip breathing technique

21. A client with renal failure enters the emergency room after skipping three dialysis treatments to visit family out of town. Which set of ABGs would indicate to the nurse that the client is in a state of metabolic acidosis?A.pH of 7.43, PCO2 of 36, HCO3 of 26B.pH of 7.41, PCO2 of 49, HCO3 of 30C.pH of 7.33, PCO2 of 35, HCO3 of 17D.pH of 7.25, PCO2 of 56, HCO3 of 28

22. A client with a small bowel obstruction has had an NG tube connected to low intermittent suction for two days. The nurse should monitor for clinical manifestations of which acid-base disorder?A.Respiratory alkalosisB.Respiratory acidosisC.Metabolic alkalosisD.Metabolic acidosis

23. A client who suffers from an anxiety disorder is very upset, has a respiratory rate of 32, and is complaining of lightheadedness and tingling in the fingers. ABG values are pH of 7.48, PaCO2 of 29, HCO3 of 24, and O2 is at 93% on room air. The nurse performs which of the following as a priority nursing intervention?A.Monitor intake and outputB.Encourage client to increase activityC.Institute deep breathing exercises every hourD.Provide reassurance to the client and administer sedatives

24. Which of the following assessment findings would indicate to the nurse that a client's diabetic ketoacidosis is deteriorating?A.Deep tendon reflexes decreasing from +2 to +1B.Bicarbonate rising from 20 mEq/L to 22 mEq/LC.Urine pH less than 6D.Serum potassium decreasing from 6.0 mEq/L to 4.5 mEq/L

25. A client who is admitted with malnutrition and anorexia secondary to chemotherapy is also exhibiting generalized edema. The client asks the nurse for an explanation for the edema. Which of the following is the most appropriate response by the nurse?A."The fluid is an adverse reaction to chemotherapy."B."A decrease in activity has allowed extra fluid to accumulate in the tissues."

C."Poor nutrition has caused decreased blood protein levels, and fluid has moved from the blood vessels into the tissues."D."Chemotherapy has increased your blood pressure, and fluid was forced out into the tissues."

26. A client with a recent thyroidectomy complains of numbness and tingling around the mouth. Which of the following findings indicates the serum calcium is low?A.Bone painB.Depressed deep tendon reflexesC.Positive Chvostek's signD.Nausea

27. A client recently diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) complains of headache, weight gain, and nausea. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client?A.Deficient fluid volume related to decreased fluid intakeB.Excess fluid volume related to increased water retentionC.Deficient fluid volume related to excessive fluid lossD.Risk for injury related to fluid volume loss

28. The registered nurse is delegating nursing tasks for the day. WHich of the following tasks may the nurse delegate to a licensed practical nurse?A.Assess a client for metabolic acidosisB.Evaluate the blood gases of a client with respiratory alkalosisC.Obtain a glucose level on a client admitted with diabetes mellitusD.Perform a neurological assessment on a client suspected of having hypocalcemia

29. A client who is post-gallbladder surgery has a nasogastric tube, decreased reflexes, pulse of 110 weak and irregular, and blood pressure of 80/50 and is weak, mildly confused, and has a serum of potassium of 3.0 mEq/L. Based on the assessment data, which of the following is the priority intervention?A.Withhold furosemide (Lasix)B.Notify the physicianC.Administer the prescribed potassium supplementD.Instruct the client on foods high in potassium

30. The nurse is admitting a client with a potassium level of 6.0 mEq/L. The nurse reports this finding as a result ofA.acute renal failure.B.malabsorption syndrome.C.nasogastric drainage.D.laxative abuse

31. Which of the following should the nurse include in the diet teaching for a client with a sodium level of 158 mEq/L?

A.PretzelsB.Baked chickenC.Chicken bouillonD.Baked potatoE.Baked ham

32. The nurse assesses a client to be experiencing muscle cramps, numbness, and tingling of the extremities, and twitching of the facial muscle and eyelid when the facial nerve is tapped. THe nurse reports this assessment as consistent with which of the following?A.HypokalemiaB.HypernatremiaC.HypermagnesemiaD.Hypocalcemia

33. Which of the following should the nurse include when preparing to teach a class on the regulation and functions of electrolytes?A.Sodium is essential to maintain intracellular fluid water balanceB.Magnesium is essential to the function of muscle, red blood cells, and nervous systemC.Less calcium is excreted with agingD.Chloride is lost in hydrochloride acid

34. The nurse assists a client with a serum potassium of 3.2 mEq/L to make which of the following menu selections? Select all that apply.A.Baked codB.Ham and cheese omeletC.Fried eggsD.Baked potatoE.Spinach

35. The nurse evaluates which of the following clients to have hypermagnesemia?A.A client who has chronic alcoholism and a magnesium level of 1.3 mEq/LB.A client who has hyperthyroidism and a magnesium level of 1.6 mEq/LC.A client who has renal failure, takes antacids, and has a magnesium level of 2.9 mEq/LD.A client who has congestive heart disease, takes a diuretic, and has a magnesium level of 2.3 mEq/L

36. The nurse is evaluating the serum laboratory results on the following four clients. Which of the following laboratory results is a priority for the nurse to report first?A.A client with osteoporosis and a calcium level of 10.6 mg/dlB.A client with renal failure and a magnesium level of 2.5 mEq/LC.A client with bulimia and a potassium level of 3.6 mEq/L

D.A client with dehydration and a sodium level of 149 mEq/L

37. The registered nurse is delegating client assignments to unlicensed assistive personnel. Which of the following clients does not require additional monitoring and assessment and may be delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel?A.A client who has been experiencing diarrhea and has a serum chloride level of 100 mEq/LB.A client with renal failure who has a serum magnesium level of 3.0 mEq/LC.A client who has experienced a fracture of the femur and has a serum phosphate of 5.0 mg/dlD.A client with dehydration who has a serum sodium level of 128 mEq/L

38. The client is admitted to a nursing unit from a long-term care facility with a hematocrit of 56% and a serum sodium level of 152 mEq/L. Which condition would be a cause for these findings?A.Overhydration.B.Anemia.C.Dehydration.D.Renal failure.

39. The client who has undergone an exploratory laparotomy and subsequent removal of a large intestinal tumor has a nasogastric tube (NGT) in place and an IV running at 150 mL/hr via an IV pump. Which data should be reported to the health care provider?A.The pump keeps sounding an alarm that the high pressure has been reached.B.Intake is 1800 mL, NGT output is 550 mL, and Foley output 950 mL.C.On auscultation, crackles and rales in all lung fields are noted.D.Client has negative pedal edema and an increasing level of consciousness.

41. The nurse writes the nursing problem of "fluid volume excess" (FVE). Which intervention should be included in the plan of care?A.Change the IV fluid from 0.9% NS to D5W.B.Restrict the client's sodium in the diet.C.Monitor blood glucose levels.D.Prepare the client for hemodialysis.

42. The client is admitted with a serum sodium level of 110 mEq/L. Which nursing intervention should be implemented?A.Encourage fluids orally.B.Administer 10% saline solution IVPB.C.Administer antidiuretic hormone intranasally.D.Place on seizure precautions.

43. The telemetry monitor technician notifies the nurse of the morning telemetry readings. Which client should the nurse assess first?A.The client in normal sinus rhythm with a peaked T wave.

B.The client diagnosed with atrial fibrillation with a rate of 100.C.The client diagnosed with a myocardial infarction who has occasional PVC.D.The client with a first-degree AV block and a rate of 92.

44. The client post-thyroidectomy complains of numbness and tingling around the mouth and the tips of the fingers. Which intervention should be implemented first?A.Notify the health care provider immediately.B.Tap the cheek about two (2) centimeters anterior to the ear lobe.C.Check the serum calcium and magnesium levels.D.Prepare to administer calcium gluconate IVP.

45. Which statement best explains the scientific rationale for Kussmaul's respirations in the client diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?A.The kidneys produce excess urine and the lungs try to compensate.B.The respirations increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.C.The lungs speed up to release carbon dioxide and increase the pH.D.The shallow and slow respirations will increase the HCO3 in the serum.

46. The client is NPO and is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) via a subclavian line. Which precautions should the nurse implement? Select all that apply.A.Place the solution on an IV pump at the prescribed rate.B.Monitor blood glucose every six (6) hours.C.Weigh the client weekly, first thing in the morning.D.Change the IV tubing every three (3) days.E.Monitor intake and output every shift.

47. The client has received IV solutions for three (3) days through a 20-gauge IV catheter placed in the left cephalic vein. On morning rounds the nurse notes the IV site is tender to palpation and a red streak has formed. Which action should the nurse implement first?A.Start a new IV in the right hand.B.Discontinue the intravenous line.C.Complete an incident record.D.Place a warm washrag over the site.

48. The nurse and an unlicensed nursing assistant are caring for a group of clients. Which nursing intervention should the nurse perform?A.Measure the client's output from the indwelling catheter.B.Record the client's intake and output on the I & O sheet.C.Instruct the client on appropriate fluid restrictions.D.Provide water for a client diagnosed with diabetes insipidus.

49. The client has been vomiting and has had numerous episodes of diarrhea. Which laboratory test should the nurse monitor?

A.Serum calcium.B.Serum phosphorus.C.Serum potassium.D.Serum sodium.

50. A nurse is reading a physician's progress notes in the client's record and reads that the physician has documented "insensible fluid loss of approximately 800 mL daily." The nurse understands that this type of fluid loss can occur through:A.The skinB.Urinary outputC.Wound drainageD.The gastrointestinal tract

51. A nurse is assigned to care for a group of clients. On review of the clients' medical records, the nurse determines that which client is at risk for deficient fluid volume?A.A client with a colostomyB.A client with congestive heart failureC.A client with decreased kidney functionD.A client receiving frequent wound irrigations

52. A nurse caring for a client who has been receiving intravenous diuretics suspects that the client is experiencing a deficient fluid volume. Which assessment finding would the nurse note in a client with this condition?A.Lung congestionB.Decreased hematocritC.Increased blood pressureD.Decreased central venous pressure (CVP)

53. A nurse is assigned to care for a group of clients. On review of the clients' medical records, the nurse determines that which client is at risk for excess fluid volume?A.The client taking diureticsB.The client with renal failureC.The client with an ileostomyD.The client who requires gastrointestinal suctioning

54. The nurse is caring for a client with congestive heart failure. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client is dyspneic and that crackles are audible on auscultation. The nurse suspects excess fluid volume. What additional signs would the nurse expect to note in this client if excess fluid volume is present?A.Weight lossB.Flat neck and hand veinsC.An increase in blood pressureD.A decreased central venous pressure (CVP)

55. A nurse is preparing to care for a client with a potassium deficit. The nurse reviews the client's record and determines that the client was at risk for developing the potassium deficit because the client:A.Has renal failure.B.Requires nasogastric suction.C.Has a history of Addison's disease.D.Is taking a potassium-sparing diuretic.

57. A nursing student needs to administer potassium chloride intravenously as prescribed to a client with hypokalemia. The nursing instructor determines that the student is unprepared for this procedure if the student states that which of the following is part of the plan for preparation and administration of the potassium?A.Obtaining a controlled IV infusion pumpB.Monitoring urine output during administrationC.Diluting in appropriate amount of normal salineD.Preparing the medication for bolus administration

58. A nurse instructs a client at risk for hypokalemia about the foods high in potassium that should be included in the daily diet. The nurse determines that the client understands the food sources of potassium if the client states that the food item lowest in potassium is:A.ApplesB.CarrotsC.SpinachD.Avocado

59. A nurse caring for a group of clients reviews the electrolyte laboratory results and notes a potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L on one client's laboratory report. The nurse understands that which client is at highest risk for the development of a potassium value at this level?A.The client with colitisB.The client with Cushing's syndromeC.The client who has been overusing laxativesD.The client who has sustained a traumatic burn

61. A nurse caring for a group of clients reviews the electrolyte laboratory results and notes a sodium level of 130 mEq/L on one client's laboratory report. The nurse understands that which client is at highest risk for the development of a sodium value at this level?A.The client with renal failureB.The client who is taking diureticsC. The client with hyperaldosteronismD. The client who is taking corticosteroids

62. A nurse is caring for a client with acute congestive heart failure who is receiving high doses of a diuretic. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client has

flat neck veins, generalized muscle weakness, and diminished deep tendon reflexes. The nurse suspects hyponatremia. What additional signs would the nurse expect to note in this client if hyponatremia were present?A. Dry skinB. Decreased urinary outputC. Hyperactive bowel soundsD. Increased specific gravity of the urine

63. A nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube. Nasogastric tube irrigations are prescribed to be performed once every shift. The client's serum electrolyte results indicate a potassium level of 4.5 mEq/L and a sodium level of 132 mEq/L. Based on these laboratory findings, the nurse selects which solution to use for the nasogastric tube irrigation?A. Tap waterB. Sterile waterC. Sodium chlorideD. Distilled water

64. A nurse is reviewing laboratory results and notes that a client's serum sodium level is 150 mEq/L. The nurse reports the serum sodium level to the physician and the physician prescribes dietary instructions based on the sodium level. Which food item does the nurse instruct the client to avoid?A. PeasB. CauliflowerC. Low-fat yogurtD. Processed oat cereals

65. A nurse is reviewing a client's laboratory report and notes that the serum calcium level is 4.0 mg/dL. The nurse understands that which condition most likely caused this serum calcium level?A. Prolonged bed restB. Renal insufficiencyC. HyperparathyroidismD. Excessive ingestion of vitamin D

66. A nurse is assessing a client with a suspected diagnosis of hypocalcemia. Which of the following clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to note in the client?A. TwitchingB. Negative Trousseau's signC. Hypoactive bowel soundsD. Hypoactive deep tendon reflexes

69. A nurse reviews a client's laboratory report and notes that the client's serum phosphorus level is 2.0 mg/dL. Which condition most likely caused this serum phosphorus level?

A. AlcoholismB. Renal insufficiencyC. HypoparathyroidismD. Tumor lysis syndrome

70. The nurse provides instructions to a client with a low magnesium level about the foods that are high in magnesium and tells the client to consume which foods? Select all that apply.A. PeasB. OrangesC. CauliflowerD. Peanut butterE. Canned white tuna