By

Ramya V

• INTRODUCTION

• COMBUSTION DERIVED NANOPARTICLES

• DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICULATE

• WELDING FUME

• CARBON BLACK

• COAL FLY ASH

• CDNP AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

• CDNP AND GENOTOXICITY

• CDNP AND LIVER AND SPLEEN

• CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTIION

Nanotoxicology is defined as study about the

nature and mechanism of toxic effects in

nanoscale particles on living organisms.

Toxicology can more readily study the

components of particular matter and

considerable amount of CDNP.

Combustion has been recognized as a potential

source of harmful particals as well as gaseous

pollutans.

COMBUSTION DERIVED NANO PARTICALS (CDNP)

They arise directly from the combustion process.

CDNP has potential to escape from the site of deposition in the lungs and translocate to the blood and to other target organs.

Work place is also a site of exposure to combustion derived nanoparticals.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CDNP

S.NO CDNP Origin Health effects in human

1 Diesel exhaust Combustion of diesel

oil

Inflammation, cancer

2 Welding fume Welding processes Metal fume fever, fibrosis,

cancer, bronchitis

3 Coal fly-ash Combustion of coal

or oil

Inflammation

4 Carbon black Combustion of heavy

fuel oil

Respiratory morbidity, lung

cancer

DIESEL EXHAUST

PARTICULATE (DEP)

Diesel fuels undergo combustion in automobile

engines and give rise to CDNP and produces

more particles.

It produces low solubility carbon-centered

nanoparticals.

It contains

Paraffin’s,

Alkenes,

Aromatics.

DEP are the most common CDNP in urban

environmental air and in environmental

particulate air pollution.

WELDING FUME

Welding is an industrial technique that involves the joining of metal pieces using a filler metal.

High temperature is involved, generating a welding fume as well as radiation, noise, gases and fume particles.

It contains

Aluminium,

Cadmium,

Chromium,

Copper.

The welding fume

is determined by

the metals involved

in the weld and

the composition of

the electrode.

CARBON BLACK (CB)

Carbon black (CB) is a low solubility particle produced industrially from incomplete thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons.

CB formed by combustion of○ Fossial fuels,

○ Biomass,

○ Coal tar,

○ Some vegetable oils,

○ Heavy petroleum products such as fluid catalytic cracking.

It is

low toxicity,

low solubility particle ,

not complicated by harmful levels of toxicologically-relevant organics or metals.

COAL FLY-ASH(CFA)

Pulverised coal combustion is a commonly used

and efficient method of coal burning in power

stations.

The components of CFA follows

Silicon dioxide,

Aluminium oxide,

Calcium oxide,

Rock strata.

It have

low toxicity,

bioavailable iron has

been reported to

underlie an

ability to generate

oxidative stress.

CDNP AND THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

CDNP in lungs

Blood-borne particles

Atherosclerotic

plaque

Endothelial

dysfunctionPlatelets

Plaque rupture

Thrombogenesis

Ischaemla

Cardiovascular death

CDNP AND GENOTOXICITY

Particle components in target organs

Metals Surface Organics

Oxidative stress

Inflammation DNA adducts

Cancer

CDNP AND LIVER AND SPLEEN

CDNP in liver and spleen

Oxidative stress

Signaling pathways mitogen-activated protein

kinase

Transcription factors

Pro-inflammatory mediators

Inflammation

CONCLUSION

CDNP’S are unified by their

combustion origin,

small size,

universal mechanism of injury,

common properties of translocation.

Combustion is considered a source of toxic chemicals

and particles and this review has focused solely on the

toxicology of the particulate component.

THANK YOU