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Stachys alpina

Distribution

Habitus and growth type

Height [m]: 0.3–1Growth form: clonal herbLife form: hemicryptophyteLife strategy: C – competitor

Leaf

Leaf presence and metamorphosis: leaves present, not modifiedLeaf arrangement (phyllotaxis): oppositeLeaf shape: simple – entireStipules: absentPetiole: presentLeaf life span: summer green

Flower

Flowering period [month]: August-SeptemberFlowering phase: 7 Ligustrum vulgare-Stachys sylvatica (end of early summer)Flower colour: pink-violetFlower symmetry: zygomorphicPerianth type: calyx and corollaPerianth fusion: fused

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Shape of the sympetalous corolla or syntepalous perianth: bilabiateCalyx fusion: synsepalousInflorescence type: pseudospica e verticillastris compositaDicliny: synoeciousGenerative reproduction type: facultative allogamyPollination syndrome: insect-pollination, selfing

Fruit, seed and dispersal

Fruit type: dry fruit – cluster of four one-seeded nutletsFruit colour: brown, greyReproduction type: by seed/spores and vegetativelyDispersal unit (diaspore): fruit, infrutescence or its partDispersal strategy: Allium (mainly autochory)Myrmecochory: myrmecochorous

Belowground organs and clonality

Shoot metamorphosis: rhizomeStorage organ: rhizomeType of clonal growth organ: epigeogenous rhizomeFreely dispersible organs of clonal growth: absentShoot life span (cyclicity): dicyclic or polycyclic shoots prevailingBranching type of stem-derived organs of clonal growth: sympodialPrimary root: absentPersistence of the clonal growth organ [year]: 3Number of clonal offspring: 3.5Lateral spreading distance by clonal growth [m]: 0.07Clonal index: 5Bud bankNumber of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds excluded): 5Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds excluded): 15Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds excluded): 0Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds excluded): 20Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds exluded) [cm]: 4Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds included): 5Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds included): 15Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds included): 0Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds included): 20Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds included) [cm]: 4

Trophic mode

Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotrophicCarnivory: non-carnivorousSymbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts

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Karyology

Chromosome number (2n): 30Ploidy level (x): 42C genome size [Mbp]: 1529.421Cx monoploid genome size [Mbp]: 382.35Genomic GC content: 39.5 %

Taxon origin

Origin in the Czech Republic: native

Ecological indicator values

Ellenberg-type indicator valuesLight indicator value: 6 – transition between values 5 and 7; rarely at less than 20%of diffuse radiation incident in an open areaTemperature indicator value: 4 – transition between values 3 and 5Moisture indicator value: 5 – indicator of fresh soils, focus on soils of averagemoisture, missing on wet and on soils that frequently dry outReaction indicator value: 7 – indicator of slightly acidic to slightly basic conditions,never occurring in very acidic conditionsNutrient indicator value: 7 – occurring at nutrient-rich sites more often than ataverage sites and only exceptionally at poor sitesSalinity indicator value: 0 – not salt tolerant, glycophyteIndicator values for disturbanceWhole-community disturbance frequency indicator value: -1.9Herb layer disturbance frequency indicator value: -0.72Whole-community disturbance severity indicator value: 0.23Herb layer disturbance severity indicator value: 0.09Whole-community structure based disturbance indicator value: 0.08Herb layer structure-based disturbance indicator value: 0.18

Habitat and sociology

Occurrence in habitats2 Alpine and subalpine grasslands2B Subalpine tall-forb and tall-grass vegetation: 2 – optimum4 Wetland and riverine herbaceous vegetation4K Petasites fringes of montane brooks: 1 – rare occurrence11 Heathlands and scrub11R Scrub and pioneer woodland of forests clearings: 1 – rare occurrence12 Forests12B Alluvial forests: 2 – optimum12C Oak-hornbeam forests: 2 – optimum12D Ravine forests: 2 – optimum12E Herb-rich beech forests: 1 – rare occurrence13 Anthropogenic vegetation

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13E Perennial nitrophilous herbaceous vegetation of mesic sites: 2 – optimum13F Herbaceous vegetation of forests clearings and Rubus scrub: 2 – optimumAffinity to the forest environmentAffinity to the forest environment in Thermophyticum: 1.2 – taxon occurring mainlyalong forest edges and in forest openings, including forest roads and paths,windthrow sites, burnt sites and forest clearingsAffinity to the forest environment in Mesophyticum and Oreophyticum: 1.2 – taxonoccurring mainly along forest edges and in forest openings, including forestroads and paths, windthrow sites, burnt sites and forest clearingsDiagnostic taxonDiagnostic taxon of associations: ADD04 Laserpitio archangelicae-DactylidetumglomerataeConstant taxonConstant taxon of associations: ADD04 Laserpitio archangelicae-DactylidetumglomerataeEcological specialization indicesEcological specialization index for all vegetation types: 5.8Ecological specialization index for non-forest vegetation: 4.3Ecological specialization index for forest vegetation: 6Colonization abilityIndex of colonization success (ICS): 1Index of colonization potential (ICP): 1

Distribution and frequency

Floristic zone: southern temperate, submeridionalFloristic region: EuropeContinentality degree: 4Distribution range extension along the continentality gradient: 4Elevational belt in the Czech Republic: submontane belt, montane belt (lowlands,colline belt)Occurrence frequency in the basic grid mapping cells and quadrants of the basic gridmapping cells: 107taxon.data.freq_in_quad: 242Commonness in vegetation plots from the Czech RepublicOccurrence frequency in vegetation plots: 0.1 %Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 5%: 0 %Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 25%: 0 %Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 50%: 0 %Mean percentage cover in vegetation plots: 1.5 %Maximum percentage cover in vegetation plots: 3 %Number of habitats with taxon occurrence in the Czech RepublicNumber of narrow habitats in which the taxon occurs: 9Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 6Number of broad habitats in which the taxon occurs: 5Number of broad habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 3

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Threats and protection

Red List 2017 (national categories): C3 – vulnerable taxonRed List 2017 (IUCN categories): NT – near threatenedLegal protection: not protected by law