Developments of the Semantic Web at the Museum of the History of Science Florence, 16 June 2003...

Developments of the Semantic Web at Developments of the Semantic Web at the Museum of the History of Sciencethe Museum of the History of Science

Florence, 16 June 2003Florence, 16 June 2003

Marco BerniMarco Berni

Florence, 16 June 2003 2Semantic web at IMSS

Main question:Main question:

How can we go ahead on Semantic Web How can we go ahead on Semantic Web and ontologies at IMSS?and ontologies at IMSS?


Try to answer:Try to answer:

Evaluation of the achieved outcomeEvaluation of the achieved outcome How we can make an ontologyHow we can make an ontology

Mesmuses experienceMesmuses experience Beyond MesmusesBeyond Mesmuses

Resources to make the ontology runResources to make the ontology run Critical pointsCritical points Hypothesis on achievable resultsHypothesis on achievable results


Evaluation of the achieved Evaluation of the achieved outcomeoutcome

Mesmuses prototypes are very useful Mesmuses prototypes are very useful samples of Semantic Web applicationsamples of Semantic Web application

Allows data browsing with “intelligent” Allows data browsing with “intelligent” searchsearch Opportunity to make searches not only on Opportunity to make searches not only on

words, but on the meaning of words too words, but on the meaning of words too (semantic search)(semantic search)

Test semantic search on a history of Test semantic search on a history of science domainscience domain


How we can make an ontologyHow we can make an ontologyMesmuses experience 1Mesmuses experience 1

First tryFirst try Theoretical approach Theoretical approach

Ontology was designed in Ontology was designed in order to model domain of order to model domain of historic science knowledgehistoric science knowledge

No data were available. Need No data were available. Need for a totally manual data inputfor a totally manual data input

Schema and instances were Schema and instances were very subjectivevery subjective

Useful for itineraries, not for Useful for itineraries, not for searchsearch


How we can make an ontologyHow we can make an ontologyMesmuses experience 2Mesmuses experience 2

Second trySecond try Bottom-up approachBottom-up approach

Ontology was designed just looking to Ontology was designed just looking to available databasesavailable databases

Deep analysis of databases structure in Deep analysis of databases structure in order to map relational structure on order to map relational structure on ontology concept/propertyontology concept/property

Data input from relational databases Data input from relational databases with little manual attendancewith little manual attendance

Schema and instances are quite Schema and instances are quite “objective”, but at the moment don’t “objective”, but at the moment don’t cover all the history of science domaincover all the history of science domain

Useful for searchUseful for search


IMSS

Ontology

How we can make an ontologyHow we can make an ontologyBeyond Mesmuses 1Beyond Mesmuses 1

IMSS Database

ARAM – Multimedia Archive

STS – Scientific Instruments

ICONA – Ichonographic Archive

BIBLIO – Catalogue of the Library

ARMU – Historical archives

etc.

GT@ – GalileoTek@Extended

Dublin Core

IMSS

Itineraries


IMSS Ontology


IMSS Database

ARAM – Multimedia Archive

STS – Scientific Instruments

ICONA – Ichonographic Archive

BIBLIO – Books Catalogue

ARMU – Historical archives

etc.

GT@ – GalileoTek@

Extended Dublin CoreDCTitleDCCreator Creator InventorDCSubjectDCDescriptionDCPublisherDcContributor.PersonalNameDcContributor.CorporatelName User Receiver Giver Purchaser IsDedicated.....

DCrelation IsVersionOf HasVersion IsReplacedBy IsRequiredBy Requires IsPartOf HasPart IsReferencedBy References IsFormatOf HasFormat

.....



Scientific Places in TuscanyScientific Places in Tuscany

Old versionOld version

Plain hypertextPlain hypertext Links have not any semanticsLinks have not any semantics



Scientific Places in TuscanyScientific Places in Tuscany

Forthcoming versionForthcoming version

Structured hypertextStructured hypertext Links have a semanticsLinks have a semantics

e.g. Brunelleschi MAKER Domee.g. Brunelleschi MAKER Dome

Maker DomeBrun.



History of science communityshared ontology

IMSS

ontology

Institution 2

ontology

Institution 3

ontology

Institution 4

ontology

Institution n

ontology

Web resource

Web resource

Web resource

Web resource

Web resource

Web resource

Web resource

Web resource



Start to re-design database for ontology and semantic Start to re-design database for ontology and semantic searchsearch

Mapping of existing database schemas into classes Mapping of existing database schemas into classes and propertiesand properties Extended Dublin CoreExtended Dublin Core IMSS specificsIMSS specifics

Partial automatic indexing of data according to the Partial automatic indexing of data according to the mapping rulesmapping rules

Manual actions required to complete indexing processManual actions required to complete indexing process Design an ontology valid for the whole history of Design an ontology valid for the whole history of

science communityscience community


Resources to makeResources to make the ontology run the ontology run

Domain experts to map database to ontologyDomain experts to map database to ontology Software for data harvestingSoftware for data harvesting Operators to manually adjust dataOperators to manually adjust data PortalPortal

Schema / data loaderSchema / data loader Browsing / searching engineBrowsing / searching engine Graphical user interfaceGraphical user interface

Set up a community-web and coordinate itSet up a community-web and coordinate it Produce (and agree on) a shared ontologyProduce (and agree on) a shared ontology Share resourcesShare resources


Critical pointsCritical points Ontology productionOntology production

Integration between ontology and itinerariesIntegration between ontology and itineraries Iterative construction of new ontology to make a better coverage Iterative construction of new ontology to make a better coverage

of domain and dataof domain and data User interface usabilityUser interface usability

Test of existing interfacesTest of existing interfaces Requirements to improve interaction effectivenessRequirements to improve interaction effectiveness Iterates many times this step Iterates many times this step

Agreement on a community web ontology for history of Agreement on a community web ontology for history of sciencescience

Impact of a schema modification on existing dataImpact of a schema modification on existing data Have mapping of data to be redone?Have mapping of data to be redone?


Hypothesis on achievable resultsHypothesis on achievable results

Strongly improve access to IMSS documents Strongly improve access to IMSS documents and databaseand database

Provide a framework for history of science e-Provide a framework for history of science e-learninglearning

Share navigable data with the communityShare navigable data with the community Create an access point to the history of science Create an access point to the history of science

resources on the webresources on the web Create a virtual museum of history of science on the Create a virtual museum of history of science on the

web independently from the physical location of the web independently from the physical location of the objectsobjects

Developments of the Semantic Web at the Museum of the History of Science Florence, 16 June 2003...

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