Civil WarCivil War1861-18651861-1865

North vs. South

U. S. went to war with itself U. S. went to war with itself during the Civil War.during the Civil War.

It was a war between the It was a war between the Northern and the Southern Northern and the Southern States.States.

Americans against AmericansAmericans against Americans brother against brotherbrother against brother

“A house divided against itself cannot stand”

Abraham Lincoln

Abraham

Lincoln

honest

eloquent

courageous

humble

self-made man

Mary Todd Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln

“He’ll be president of the United States one day. If I had not thought so, I never would have married him. For you can see, he is not pretty.”

Mary Todd Lincoln

One of the most important One of the most important reasons for the Civil War was reasons for the Civil War was slaveryslavery..

Many people in the South owned Many people in the South owned slaves and they wanted to keep slaves and they wanted to keep the practice of slavery.the practice of slavery.

The North wanted to abolish (end) The North wanted to abolish (end) slavery.slavery.

“I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free.”

Abraham Lincoln

South Carolina seceded South Carolina seceded (separated) from the United (separated) from the United States when Abraham Lincoln was States when Abraham Lincoln was elected president.elected president.

A total of 11 states seceded from A total of 11 states seceded from the U. S. and formed their own the U. S. and formed their own country called the Confederate country called the Confederate States of America or Confederacy.States of America or Confederacy.

The SouthThe South

Confederate States of America or Confederate States of America or ConfederacyConfederacy

Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis was the president was the president of the Confederacy.of the Confederacy.

General Robert E. LeeGeneral Robert E. Lee was the was the commander of the Confederate commander of the Confederate army.army.

the graythe gray RebelsRebels agricultureagriculture

Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis

President President of theof the

Confederacy Confederacy

Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

Confederate Army Confederate Army GeneralGeneral

The NorthThe North

United States or UnionUnited States or Union Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln was president of was president of

the United States during the Civil the United States during the Civil War.War.

General Ulysses S. GrantGeneral Ulysses S. Grant was the was the commander of the Union army.commander of the Union army.

the Bluethe Blue YankeesYankees industry (factories)industry (factories)

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

1616thth President of the President of the United StatesUnited States

Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant

Union Union

ArmyArmy

GeneralGeneral

BattlesBattles

Fort SumterFort Sumter

The battle at The battle at Fort SumterFort Sumter was the was the beginning of the Civil War.beginning of the Civil War.

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam (Maryland) – It (Maryland) – It was the single bloodiest day of was the single bloodiest day of the war.the war.

Both sides lost many soldiers.Both sides lost many soldiers.

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam

At the Battle of Vicksburg in At the Battle of Vicksburg in Mississippi, the Union took total Mississippi, the Union took total control of the Mississippi River.control of the Mississippi River.

Controlling the Mississippi meant Controlling the Mississippi meant that the Confederacy would be that the Confederacy would be cut off from Texas, Louisiana and cut off from Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas.Arkansas.

Battle of VicksburgBattle of Vicksburg

After the Battle of Gettysburg in After the Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania, President Lincoln Pennsylvania, President Lincoln gave a speech at a ceremony gave a speech at a ceremony dedicating a cemetery where dedicating a cemetery where Union soldiers were buried. Union soldiers were buried.

It is one of the most famous It is one of the most famous speeches in American history.speeches in American history.

Battle of GettysburgBattle of Gettysburg

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address

““Four score and seven years ago Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth upon our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty and conceived in Liberty and dedicated to the proposition that dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.”all men are created equal.”

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address

““government of the people, by government of the people, by the people, for the people shall the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.”not perish from the earth.”

What type of What type of government was government was President Abraham President Abraham Lincoln describing in Lincoln describing in his Gettysburg his Gettysburg Address?Address?

DemocracyDemocracy

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

emancipationemancipation – to set free – to set free Emancipation Proclamation – It Emancipation Proclamation – It

was made by President Abraham was made by President Abraham Lincoln. It stated that all slaves in Lincoln. It stated that all slaves in the South were free.the South were free.

Because the Emancipation Because the Emancipation Proclamation applied only to areas Proclamation applied only to areas that the Confederacy controlled, it that the Confederacy controlled, it did not actually free anyone.did not actually free anyone.

Effects of the Effects of the Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

Lincoln hoped that when slaves Lincoln hoped that when slaves would hear about the proclamation, would hear about the proclamation, they would run away.they would run away.

At the beginning of the war, blacks At the beginning of the war, blacks were not allowed to become were not allowed to become soldiers.soldiers.

The South was afraid that slaves The South was afraid that slaves would rebel against the owners if would rebel against the owners if they were given weapons. they were given weapons.

The Union decided to accept The Union decided to accept black soldiers after the black soldiers after the Emancipation Proclamation.Emancipation Proclamation.

Near the end of the war, the Near the end of the war, the Confederacy became desperate Confederacy became desperate and also accepted blacks as and also accepted blacks as soldiers.soldiers.

In 1865 Congress passed the In 1865 Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment which Thirteenth Amendment which truly freed the slaves. truly freed the slaves.

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

End of Civil War - 1865End of Civil War - 1865

Robert E. Lee surrendered to Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia.Court House in Virginia.

President Lincoln’s President Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Second Inaugural

AddressAddress ““With malice toward none, with With malice toward none, with

charity for all…to bind up the charity for all…to bind up the nations wounds, to care for him nations wounds, to care for him who has borne the battle…to do who has borne the battle…to do all which may achieve and all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves”among ourselves”

What was Abraham What was Abraham Lincoln’s view of how the Lincoln’s view of how the South should be treated South should be treated after the Civil War?after the Civil War?

Lincoln felt that the South Lincoln felt that the South should be treated with should be treated with kindness.kindness.

Lincoln’s AssassinationLincoln’s Assassination

Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth in the back of the head Booth in the back of the head while watching a play at Ford’s while watching a play at Ford’s Theater.Theater.

John Wilkes Booth was an actor John Wilkes Booth was an actor and Confederate sympathizer.and Confederate sympathizer.

Booth had been planning for Booth had been planning for some time to kidnap Lincoln.some time to kidnap Lincoln.

Booth was a fanatic for the Booth was a fanatic for the Southern cause.Southern cause.

He believed Abraham Lincoln was He believed Abraham Lincoln was an evil man.an evil man.

John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth

“Our country owed all her troubles to him, and God simply made me the instrument of his punishment.”

John Wilkes Booth

Booth’s CaptureBooth’s Capture

Samuel Arnold: sentenced to lifeSamuel Arnold: sentenced to life George Atzerodt: sentenced to hangGeorge Atzerodt: sentenced to hang David Herold: sentenced to hangDavid Herold: sentenced to hang Dr. Samuel Mudd: sentenced to lifeDr. Samuel Mudd: sentenced to life Michael O’Laughten: sentenced to Michael O’Laughten: sentenced to

lifelife Lewis Paine: sentenced to hangLewis Paine: sentenced to hang Edman Spangler: sentenced to 6 Edman Spangler: sentenced to 6

yearsyears John Surratt: escaped to CanadaJohn Surratt: escaped to Canada Mary Surratt: sentenced to hangMary Surratt: sentenced to hang

He risked everything to save a young America from self-destruction, and paid the ultimate price.

Mary Todd LincolnMary Todd Lincoln

Three of her four sons died.Three of her four sons died. She tried to commit suicide by She tried to commit suicide by

dinking poison.dinking poison. She was declared insane by a She was declared insane by a

court.court. Her husband was assassinated.Her husband was assassinated.

Civil War AmendmentsCivil War Amendments

1313thth Amendment (1865) – Amendment (1865) – abolished (ended) slaveryabolished (ended) slavery

1414thth Amendment (1868) – granted Amendment (1868) – granted citizenship to African Americanscitizenship to African Americans

1515thth Amendment (1870) – gave Amendment (1870) – gave the right to vote to Black men the right to vote to Black men (former slaves)(former slaves)

President President Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

General Ulysses General Ulysses S. GrantS. Grant

UnionUnion

President President Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis

General Robert E. General Robert E. LeeLee

ConfederacyConfederacy

North South