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Civil War BeginsCivil War Begins

January 1861January 1861

The South SecedesThe South Secedes

Lincoln, an opponent of slavery, was Lincoln, an opponent of slavery, was elected president. South Carolina elected president. South Carolina perceived a threat. perceived a threat.

State convention delegates voted to State convention delegates voted to remove the state from the union of the remove the state from the union of the United States .United States .

South Carolina seceded followed by South Carolina seceded followed by Georgia, Texas, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Texas, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.Mississippi, and Louisiana.

SouthCarolina

Georgia

Mississippi

Florida

Alabama

Louisiana

Texas

February 1861 February 1861 The South Creates a The South Creates a

GovernmentGovernment Seven seceding states create Seven seceding states create

Confederate Constitution. Similar to U S Confederate Constitution. Similar to U S Constitution.Constitution.

Places greater stress on autonomy of Places greater stress on autonomy of states. states.

Jefferson Davis named provisional Jefferson Davis named provisional president of the Confederacy until president of the Confederacy until elections are held.elections are held.

February 1861 February 1861

The South Seizes Federal FortsThe South Seizes Federal Forts

At Fort Sumter, At Fort Sumter, South Carolina South Carolina troops repulsed a troops repulsed a supply ship supply ship

The ship was forced The ship was forced to return to New to return to New York, its supplies York, its supplies undeliveredundelivered

Jefferson Davis

March 4, 1861 March 4, 1861

Lincoln's InaugurationLincoln's Inauguration Lincoln said he had no Lincoln said he had no

plan to end slavery in plan to end slavery in states where it existedstates where it existed

He would not accept He would not accept secession secession

He hoped to resolve the He hoped to resolve the national crisis without national crisis without warfare warfare

April 12, 1861- Attack on Fort April 12, 1861- Attack on Fort SumterSumter

Lincoln alerted South Carolina of plans to Lincoln alerted South Carolina of plans to supply Fort Sumter, SC feared a trick.supply Fort Sumter, SC feared a trick.

April 12, Civil War began with shots fired on April 12, Civil War began with shots fired on the fort. Fort Sumterthe fort. Fort Sumter eventually surrendered. eventually surrendered.

Four More States Join Confederacy; Four More States Join Confederacy; Tennessee, Arkansas, Virginia & North Tennessee, Arkansas, Virginia & North

CarolinaCarolina

April 1861April 1861

Virginia

North Carolina

Tennessee

Arkansas

Capture of Gosport Naval YardCapture of Gosport Naval Yard

1818 April, Virginia Militia appear ready to take April, Virginia Militia appear ready to take Gosport Naval Yard, Portsmouth, Virginia. Gosport Naval Yard, Portsmouth, Virginia.

USS Merrimack, one of the Union Navy’s most USS Merrimack, one of the Union Navy’s most powerful vessels, was in dry dock under repair.powerful vessels, was in dry dock under repair.

Burning of the USS MerrimackBurning of the USS Merrimack

When it became obvious that the ship When it became obvious that the ship could not be made seaworthy the Union could not be made seaworthy the Union officer commanding the shipyard had her officer commanding the shipyard had her scuttled and burnedscuttled and burned

Later the Confederacy would rebuild the Later the Confederacy would rebuild the Merrimack and rename her the Virginia Merrimack and rename her the Virginia

Harper’s FerryHarper’s Ferry

The Union Arsenal at Harper’s Ferry was a The Union Arsenal at Harper’s Ferry was a prize the Virginia Secessionists desired.prize the Virginia Secessionists desired.

Turner Ashby commanding 360+ men waited Turner Ashby commanding 360+ men waited for orders 4 miles from the Arsenal. for orders 4 miles from the Arsenal.

He feared Federal reinforcements were en-He feared Federal reinforcements were en-route and the time to act was now. route and the time to act was now.

Union Arsenal Commander First Lieutenant Union Arsenal Commander First Lieutenant Roger Jones, ordered arsenal & its 15,000 Roger Jones, ordered arsenal & its 15,000 muskets destroyed upon word of enemy’s muskets destroyed upon word of enemy’s nearness.nearness.

VA Militia secure town, but arsenal had been VA Militia secure town, but arsenal had been leveled.leveled.

Harper’s Ferry Falls to Harper’s Ferry Falls to ConfederacyConfederacy

June 1861 June 1861 Four Slave States Stay in the Four Slave States Stay in the

UnionUnion

Political maneuvering & Union military Political maneuvering & Union military pressure kept Delaware, Kentucky, pressure kept Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland & Missouri from seceding.Maryland & Missouri from seceding.

June 1861 West Virginia BornJune 1861 West Virginia Born Residents of western counties of Residents of western counties of

Virginia did not wish to secede Virginia did not wish to secede

This area was admitted to the Union This area was admitted to the Union as as

the state of West Virginia in 1863the state of West Virginia in 1863

Civil War Civil War Eastern Theater Eastern Theater

1861-631861-63

Union Goals:Union Goals:--Capture the Confederate Capital Capture the Confederate Capital of Richmond, Virginia. of Richmond, Virginia.-Blockade the South to stop trade-Blockade the South to stop trade

Southern Goals:Southern Goals: --Protect RichmondProtect Richmond -Wear out the North-Wear out the North -Take the battle to the North-Take the battle to the North -Get help from Europe-Get help from Europe

July 1861 July 1861 First Battle of Bull RunFirst Battle of Bull Run

Public demanded an attack on the South. Public demanded an attack on the South.

General Irvin McDowell General Irvin McDowell

advanced on Confederates withadvanced on Confederates with

in-adequately trained troops in-adequately trained troops

McDowell initially successful, McDowell initially successful,

until Confederate reinforcements until Confederate reinforcements

arrive, resulting in a Southern arrive, resulting in a Southern

victory.victory.

Bull Run Southern GeneralsBull Run Southern Generals

Joe Johnston Pierre GT Joe Johnston Pierre GT BeauregardBeauregard

““Stonewall” Jackson Stonewall” Jackson

Stops Union advance earning his nicknameStops Union advance earning his nickname

18611861 EastEast

*Washington, DC1st Battle Bull Run

* Richmond, VA

Jackson

Joe JohnstonPierre GT Beauregard

Harper’s Ferry

The BattleThe Battle Main battle centered around Henry Hill, Main battle centered around Henry Hill,

occupied by General Thomas Jackson’s Virginia occupied by General Thomas Jackson’s Virginia troops. troops.

Jackson defended Jackson defended against the 14against the 14thth Brooklyn’s series of Brooklyn’s series of attacks & he gave attacks & he gave the 14th their the 14th their nickname, “Red nickname, “Red Legged Devils” Legged Devils” because of their because of their relentless charges. relentless charges.

Henry House Hill as it appears today Photo by Brother Mark Day

Many civilians that had come to watch Many civilians that had come to watch the battle were sent fleeing back to the battle were sent fleeing back to

Washington DC in a panic; disrupting Washington DC in a panic; disrupting the Union retreatthe Union retreat. .

July 1861 July 1861

General McDowell Is ReplacedGeneral McDowell Is Replaced

Aware of the army's Aware of the army's need for organization need for organization and training, Lincoln and training, Lincoln replaced McDowell replaced McDowell with General George with General George B. McClellan.B. McClellan.

July 1861 July 1861

A Blockade of the SouthA Blockade of the South The federal Navy established an effective The federal Navy established an effective

blockade of the Confederate coast. blockade of the Confederate coast.

The South responded by building small, The South responded by building small, fast ships that could outmaneuver Union fast ships that could outmaneuver Union vessels. vessels.

Port Royal, South CarolinaPort Royal, South Carolina November 1861November 1861

Captain Dupont's warships silenced Captain Dupont's warships silenced guns in Confederate Forts Walker & guns in Confederate Forts Walker & Beauregard. Beauregard.

General Thomas W. Sherman's troops General Thomas W. Sherman's troops occupy the Sea Islands of South occupy the Sea Islands of South Carolina.Carolina.

Civil War Civil War Western Theater Western Theater

1861-631861-63

UnionUnion GoalsGoals

Capture Mississippi River :Capture Mississippi River :

1. Divide the South1. Divide the South 2. Complete Naval Blockade2. Complete Naval Blockade

3. Close Southern Ports3. Close Southern Ports

Nicknamed General Scott’s Anaconda PlanNicknamed General Scott’s Anaconda Plan

Both sides finally realized that the Both sides finally realized that the war was far from over.war was far from over.

It would last 4 years It would last 4 years claiming over 600,000 lives. claiming over 600,000 lives.

Sponsored by the Sons of Union Sponsored by the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War Veterans of the Civil War

http://www.suvcw.orghttp://www.suvcw.org