The Civil War (1861-1865) Mr. Wise APUSH The Civil War (1861-1865) Mr. Wise APUSH.
The Civil War 1861-1865
description
Transcript of The Civil War 1861-1865
The Civil War1861-1865
Answer North or SouthConfederacyUnionBlueGreyYankeesRebelsAbraham LincolnJefferson DavisRobert E. LeeU.S. Grant
The Civil War
North SouthUnion ConfederacyYankees RebelsBlue GrayAbe Lincoln Jefferson DavisMcClelland Robert E. LeeUS Grant Stonewall Jackson
The Anaconda Plan
Based on the previous map, where would you expect most battles to be fought?
Areas we will focus on:
Richmond / DC
Ohio / Cumberland /Tennessee Rivers
Mississippi Valley
Georgia
Battles
The war began at Fort Sumter
First Manassas (Bull Run)
First Manassas (Bull Run)A good day for a picnic.
Union army from D.C. to Richmond
See-saw battleConfederates
arrive by train & win
(Rebel yell – Stonewall Jackson)
Yankees run – Rebels do not chase
Results of Manassas:South: thinks
victory will be easy – gets overconfident
North – Prepares for a long war:
75,000 men now 500,000
3 months, now 3 years
General George McClellan - UnionTrained the Army of the
Potomac to fight the war in the East.
Had what Lincoln called “The Slows.” He rarely attacked, and never quite finished a battle once the enemy was running.
Will be hired and fired more than once before eventually being replaced by US Grant.
•Ulysses S. Grant had easy victories at Forts Henry and Donelson, but then:
•Shiloh = Confederate surprise attack.
•Union won, but with great difficulty
Shiloh
Results of Shiloh:
Grant realizes this will have to be a “war of exhaustion.”
Total War
Survivors of the Battle of Shiloh (Photo taken c.1908-1912)
The Trent Incident: Union arrests men from a British ship. Nearly
causing a war with Great Britain. Lincoln: “Gentlemen, one war at a time, please.” The Confederates were released.
The Politics of War
The Alabama Claims:
A ship sold to the South by Gr. Br. = 64 Union ships destroyed.
US, after war, sends Gr Br a bill for $19 million.
Eventually settled for $15.5 million.
CopperheadsConscription
Know these terms:Writ of Habeas corpusDraft Riots
Life During WartimeAfrican Americans Fight for
Freedom:1% of the population, but
made up 10% of the Union Army
Mostly freed slaves
Lower pay – no respect
If captured, the Confederates would execute (Massacre at Fort Pillow)
Slave resistance in the Confederacy included:
Doing poor work
Breaking plows or other equipment
Refusing to leave w/ owners as Union soldiers advanced
By 1864, even many Confederates realized slavery was doomed.
The Southern Economy Collapsed :Food shortages
Riots
Destruction
Soldiers SufferUnsanitary camps
= diseasesLow food rationsLow pay, boredom
between battlesPrisons: POWs crammed
into small areas w/o sanitation, shelter, or food
Dorthea Dix – First Superintendent
of Nurses
Clara Barton – her care for wounded
saved thousands of lives – she will eventually begin
the Red Cross in the US
Civil War Field Hospital
Second Manassas (Bull Run)McClellan has been
replaced by Pope
Confederacy wins
Union demoralized
Lincoln reinstates McClellan
AntietamAfter Bull Run, Lee
advanced into MarylandBattle plans discovered
and given to McClellanMcClellan actually
attacked!However, McClellan did
not pursue the Rebel army, thus losing a chance to end the war - again
Results of Antietam:Lincoln fires McClellanLincoln looks like he
cannot run an army or a war
England considers recognizing the Confederate States of America
Lincoln must change the focus of the war to keep the North motivated to fight
The Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln’s Commander-in-Chief power allows him to seize enemy resources.
Slaves helped the Southern effort
Lincoln’s Cabinet advised him NOT to free those slaves as it would cause the South to fight to the death rather than talk peace.
Results of the Emancipation Proclamation
Discouraged Britain from supporting the South
Gave the war a high moral purpose
Allowed free blacks to join the army
No Emancipation????What are some possible scenarios that could
have ensued if Lincoln had not issued the Emancipation Proclamation?
The Proclamation only applies to slaves behind the Confederate lines. It does not free slaves everywhere in the U.S. such as in slave states like Missouri that stayed loyal to the Union.
1863
Battle of Chancellorville = Union retreat to the North
Stonewall Jackson dies
Robert E. Lee invades the North into Pennsylvania
A win by Lee in the North might cause the North to lose faith and sign a peace
An accidental meeting of both armies near Gettysburg, PA will be the turning point in the Civil War
Prelude to Gettysburg
Gettysburg – Day 1 July 1, 1863
Confederate soldiers (looking for shoes) met Union brigades near Gettysburg
Shooting attracts soldiers from each army
75,000 Confederates vs. 90,000 Union soldiers
Lee takes the town – Union sets up defensive positions on hills outside of town
Gettysburg – Day 2 July 2, 1863
Lee attacks Cemetery Ridge
Little Round Top left open – would have force a Union retreat and loss
Col. Chamberlain’s men stopped the advance
Ran out of ammunition
Attacked with bayonets and saved the Union army
Gettysburg Day 3July 3, 1863
Lee orders a non-stop barrage of cannon fire
North answers
North goes silent
Lee orders a direct assault on the center (Pickett’s Charge)
It was a trap – firing at close range, the North crippled the attackers
Gettysburg – Day 4 July 4, 1863 Lee’s army limps
back to Virginia Union wins Two more years
of war left, but Gettysburg was the turning point ,
as the North begins to win
The South never completely recovers
Losses: North = 23,000
South = 28,000
The Gettysburg Address
A “New Birth of Freedom,” reminding people why our nation was founded, and why it should survive.
[Read]Four score and
seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
The only known photograph of Lincoln at the Gettysburg Address.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.
We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.
It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.
It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us –
that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain –
that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
The North Takes ChargeAfter Gettysburg, Lincoln appoints US
Grant, who chases Robert E. Lee’s army around Virginia
ELECTION OF 1864Lincoln is up for re-election. This is the first
and only presidential election the south will not participate in.
Because the war is still ongoing Lincoln thinks “he will be beaten and beaten badly”.
Good news rolls in only a few months before the election.Atlanta is taken by ShermanThe port of Mobile, Al is seized. Savannah Georgia is taken
Grant appoints William Tecumseh Sherman,
who destroys Georgia.
1864Lincoln re-
elected
Lee surrenders to Grant
Appomattox Court House
Lee’s army = keep guns, horse, & 3-days food
PREDICT: Before and After the WarSLAVERY—What will the outcome of
slavery be? Why??
ECONOMY--Which part of the country will have a powerful economy….less powerful? Why??
POLITICS—Who has the political power in the NEW America? Are the states or the federal government more powerful? WHY???
Legacy of the WarPolitical ChangesStates rights weakened
Economic ChangesN = huge economic
growthS = Economic collapse
Costs of War N=360,000 deadS=260,000 dead
Revolution in WarfareBetter weapons new tactics Total War
New Birth of FreedomEmancipation
Proclamation13th AmendmentGettysburg Address
13th AmendmentSECTION 1. Neither slavery nor involuntaryservitude, except as a punishment for crimewhereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
SECTION 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Killed by John Wilkes Booth
Last Casualty of the Civil War