B P T KYAW second book

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2

(EkdifiHa&;qkdif&m pmaycGifhjyKcsuftrSwf-0658)

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3

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4

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32/ tkd;csif;xm; tkd;csif;xd


5

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6

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7

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8

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9

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1974-ck? arv 8-&uf


10


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onf/

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qGJcso9nf/ vufeuftm;ukd;jzihf tMurf;zufESdrfeif;onf/ &ckdifjynfolvlxkonf rdrdwkdYtm; ESpfaygif;

wpf&mausmf ukdvkdeDuRefb0okdY oGwfoGif;jcJhaom NAdwdoQrsm;ukd ,cifuvnf; r,kHMunf/


11

NAdwdoQe,fcsJUonf ESpfaygif;wpf&mausmf &ckdifjynftm; aumif;usKd;ray;cJh/ &ckdifjynf NrdKUjy

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puf½kHtvkyff½kHrsm;ukd xlaxmifray;cJh/ tdrfwGif;pufrIvufrIvkyfief;[lívnf; r,fr,f&& r&Sd/ rif;jym;

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xlaxmifray;cJh/ ppfawGNrdKU? ausmufjzLNrdKU? oHwGJNrdKUwGifom txufwef;ausmif;wpfcsKdUukd xlaxmifay;

cJh\/

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roifEkdif rwwfEdkifMuay/ &ckdifwpfrsKd;om;vkH;tm; pufrIvufrItwwfynmESihf acwfrSDpmayoifMum;

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t"du½kPf;ukd rD;arT;ay;onf/ þrQ&ufpuf,kwfrmaom NAdwdoQe,fcsJUpepfukd &cdkifjynfolrsm; rarhEkdif

Muao;/

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NAdwdoQe,fcsJUonf ppfawGNrdKUukd odrf;í &ufowåwpfywfr&SdrDuyif olYZmwd½kyfukd jyaeNyD/ 1944


12

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Mum;jzwfwkdufyGJqifMuonf/

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ausmf OD;OD;zsm;zsm;usqif;oGm;\/

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13

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e,fajrvkHNcHKa&;wyf (FIELD SECURITY SERVICE) tufzftufpftufpf\ wefckd;tmPmum; twkr&Sd

BuD;xGGm;ae\/


14

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q&mawmfOD;pdEÅmxHoGm;rnf/ Armjynfodk Yvnf;aumif;? tdE´d,OD;odef;azjrifhokd Yvnf;aumif;?


15

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16

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17

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18

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19

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20

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21

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22

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23

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24

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25

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26

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27

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28

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29

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32

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34

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35

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39

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40

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41

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48

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49

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50

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51

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52

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53

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54

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55

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56

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,if;tjyif ocifwifjru ol\,if;pmtkyfwGif qufvufNyD; a&;oGm;onfrSm ukdjr(tvif;0if

AuyA[kdaumfrwDa[mif; ,ck ½kH;tzGJUrSL; jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme &Jabmfjr) ESihf AkdvfrSL; av;oD[

(67 ckESpfu uG,fvGefoGm;aom tmwDbDtkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; AkdvfrSL;a[mif;armifarmif) wkdYacgif;aqmif

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&ckdifajymufusm;wyfzGJU acgif;aqmifrsm;xJrS uEéDpmt& jyefvnfzGJUpnf;aom Armhwyfrawmf

Akdvfa&G;yGJwGif ukdomausmf(,ck 0efBuD;) wOD;wnf;om ta&G;cH&onf/ ukdjrwkdY ajymufusm;wyfzGJUrsm;

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&mxl;tcGihfxl;tjzpf rpOf;pm;Mu/ trsKd;om;vGwfvyfa&;? 'Drkdua&pDa&;ESihf qkd&S,fvpfa&;rsm; aqmif

&Guf&ef usef&Sdao;í ausmif;qufae&if; aqmif&Guf&ef &efukefokdYjyefoGm;awmh\/

vli,fnDvmcHvli,fnDvmcHvli,fnDvmcHvli,fnDvmcHvli,fnDvmcH

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udkarmifvSausmfESihf ukda&TausmfOD;wkdYukd &aohawmifNrdKUe,f OD;avomatmifESihf OD;AkdvfatmifwdkYudk

NrdKUa[mif;awmifydkif;ESifh aygufawmNrdKUe,f? ukdarmifvSpdef( ,ck ausmif;q&m)? ukdoef;pdef (,ck


57

EkdifiHawmfaumifpDtzGJU0ifESihf ygwDXmecsKyftwGif;a&;rSL;2)wkdYudk ajrmif;abGESihfausmufawmfNrdKUe,f?

usaemfrif;jym;ESihf ajrykHNrdKUe,fwdkYudk toD;oD;wm0ef,lNyD; w&Gm0if w&GmxGuf pnf;½kH;Muavonf/

NAdwdoQukd vufeufpGJukdifwkdufckdufa&;wGif wuf<uaomvli,frsm;xJrS vufa&G;pifvli,frsm;ukd

a&G;cs,fNyD; ppfavhusifha&;ESihf vufeufwyfqifa&;ukdvnf; jyKMuavonf/

EkdifiHa&;oifwef;NyD;í avmif;&Snfacsmif;XmecsKyfukd ½kyfodrf;NyD; 1945 ckESpf Ekd0ifbmvukef

avmufwGif q&mawmfOD;pdEÅmxH usaemf'kef;pkdif;oGm;onf/ q&mawmfESihfwuG acgif;aqmifrsm;ESihf

usaemfwdkY aqG;aEG;Muonf/ &ckdifjynfvli,frsm;onf tpnf;t½kH;ukd ajray:tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yftjzpf

xlaxmif&ef qE´wlnDMuonf/

ajratmufEdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;onf vufjiif;tm;jzihf vufeufukdifwyfzGJUrsm;ukd pnf;urf;

wusjzpfvma&;? ppfynmay;a&;ESihf wkd;csJUzGJUpnf;a&;ukd aqmif&Gufrnf/ NAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefYusifaom

tzGJUtpnf;[lorQESihf r[mrdwfzGJUrnf/ ajrcGef ajrqDvTmcray;a&;ESihf vufikwf vuf&if; vufrvGwf

a&;? v,fvkyfolom v,fykdifa&;? vkyfief;rsm;jzihf v,form;xktm; vIHYaqmfpnf;½kH;um v,form;

vlwef;pm; tzGJUtpnf;zGJUMuonf/

trsKd;orD;tzGJUtpnf; zGJUpnf;Murnf ponfwkdYukd nDnmaomqE´wlnDrIjzifh qkH;jzwfjzpfMu

onf/ ]]&ckdifjynf jynfolYvGwfvyfa&;tzGJUcsKyf}}wnf;[laomtrnfjzifh EkdifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf; xlaxmifMu

onf/ ,if;tzGJUwGif q&mawmfOD;pdEÅmu em,u? ukdbkd;OD;u Ouú|? usaemfu taxGaxGtwGif;a&;

rSL;? ukdapmvSOD; (Mumtif;awmif&Gm rlvwef;ausmif;tkyf)u wGJbuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;wkdYjzifh

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acgif;aqmif&efjzpfonf/

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awmpcef;wGif q&mawmfOD;pdEÅmESifh usaemf wpfywfcefYaexkdif&onf/

q&mawmf\ xl;jcm;aomvu©PmwpfcsKdUudkvnf; jrifvm&onf/ q&mawmfonf EkdifiHa&;&m?

ppfrufa&;&mudpörsm;ukd a'grmefygygjzihf aqG;aEG;onfukd rnfonfhtcgrQ rawGU&/ aqG;aEG;wifjyol

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olwifjyaomtcsuftvufrsm;ukd qefYusifbufwifjyol\ tcsuftvufrsm;u ckdifrmí

tEkdif,loGm;vQifvnf; oltvG,fwulvkdufavsm0efcH\/ odkYaomf tajccHt,ltqa&;&mrsm;wGif


58

oltckdiftrm&yfwnfae&um; eufeJav;eufpGm awG;ac:wwfaom olYtm;vSnhfpm;ír&Ekdif/ waeY

aqG;aEG;aeMupOf Mumtif;awmif&Gm q&mawmfwynhf&if;wpfOD;u ppfwyfwufa&muf arTaESmufrnfh

owif;&aMumif;ukdvmajymonf/

awmpcrf;wpfae&modkY a&TUajymif;&onf/ 10rkdifcefYa0;rnfh awmawmifc&D;Murf;ukd jzwfoef;&

onf/ vrf;c&D;xuf0ufavmufwGif rGef;wnfh 12em&Da&mufawmhrnf/ rGef;wnfh 12em&Drxkd;rSD

tcsdefvkNyD; tm½kPfqGrf;useftenf;i,fukd pm;um q&mawmfwif;wdrf a&mifh&Jvkdufonf/

Mumtif;awmifwkdufe,f awmpcef;rsm;xJwGif ckdatmif;aebl;olwkdif; ,if;awmpcef;rsm;wGif

a,bl,stm;jzifh awmo&ufuif;yifukd t"du[if;tjzpf pm;Muonfukd odMurnf/ awmo&ufuif;

yifonf teHYtm;jzifh arGT;ovkdvkd teHY&Sdaomfvnf; ig;yd? jiKyfrsm;jzihf csufNyD; pm;vQif,m;,Hwwfonf/

vQm;,HrIoufomap&ef awmif*Pef;i,f( pwk&ef;wpfvufrcefY&Sdonhf *Pef;i,f) rsm;ukd zrf;NyD;?

¤if;*Pef;i,frsm;jzihf a&maESmcsuf&onf/

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rsm;ukd 5OD;xufrenf;aom vltm;jzihf azmf,lNyD; zrf;,l&\/ *Pef;i,ftawmftoifhzrf;rdaeaom

aeYwGif aemufwpfaeYcsufpm;&ef oHpnfykdif;wGif xnhfxm;avh&SdMuonf/ *½kPmBuD;aomq&mawmf

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jcif;rsm;ukd cH&wwfonf/

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pGm tcuftcJtrsKd;rsKd;jzihf ausmfjzwf&onf/

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awmifMum;&Sd vrf;i,fvrf;cGJrsm;ukd bdeyfwpfcgrQrpD;aom olYajcaxmufjzihf prf;oyfí vrf;rSefvrf;rSm;

ukd olcGJjcm;odonf/ olESifhoGm;vQif vrf;rSm;rnfukdvkH;0raMumuf&/

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jzpfonf/

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xrf;ykd;,lonf/ Avaumif;aom vloefBuD; eDatmifonf jrifhrm;Murf;wrf;aomawmifrsm;ukd q&m


59

awmftm;ykd;NyD; vlBuD;wpfOD;u cav;wpfOD;ukd o,fykd;ovkd tvG,fwulo,fykd;oGm;onf/

tNrJwrf;vkdvkd avema&m*gx<uaom q&mawmftm; olum;xkdifaeaom olY'l;ESpfzufMum;

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olwm0ef,laqmif&Gufay;onf/ ½kd;om;aom &ckdifawmifolv,form; rsKd;½kd;rSqif;oufvmaom

&JabmfeDatmifonf NyHK;NyHK;&D&DaewwfNyD; ½kd;om;ojzihf olYtm; rcifrifol[lír&Sday/

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vGwfvyfa&;tzGJUcsKyfESihf q&mawmfwkdY tvif;0ifvm&mwGif ,if;tzGJUcsKyfrStvif;r0ifbJ ae&pfolrsm;

\ zrf;qD;owfjzwfrIjzihf toufaoqkH;oGm;&avNyD/

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tajccHum Mumtif;awmifwdkfufe,f&Sd aus;&Gmrsm;wGif ajray:tzGJUrsm; jzpfonfh &ckdifjynfvli,frsm;

tpnf;t½kH;? &ckdifjynfawmifolv,form;tpnf;t½kH;ESifh &ckdifjynftrsKd;orD;tzGJUrsm;ukd w&m;0if

xlaxmifavonf/

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rsm;ESihf rif;jym;NrdKUe,f awmifykdif;aus;&Gmrsm;okdY pnf;½kH;a&;qif;Muonf/ MuyfpifuRef;? ig;ref;&JuRef;

odkY pnf;½kH;a&;qif;wkdif; uHom&Gm ukdapmvSOD;\ zciftdrfwGif usaemfwkdY pcef;cswnf;ckdMuonf/

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[lí ukdbat;ukd usaemfajymcJhbl;aom rdef;rysKdjzpfaeavonf/

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usaemfwkdY qkH;jzwfMuavonf/

1946ck azazmf0g&DvwGif vli,fnDvmcHukd usaemfwkdY tm;xm;rSDckd&mvnf;jzpf? usaemfwkdY

pm;aomufwnf;ckdae&mvnf;jzpfaom OD;aomMumtdrf\ ajrmif;abGpmoifausmif;wGif om,mí


60

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onf/

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BuD;rm;aom oabmuGJvGJrIwpfpkHwpf&mr&Sd/

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wnf; twnfjyKEdkfifMuonf/ t"duEkdifiHa&;awmif;qkdcsuftjzpf q&mawmfOD;pdEÅmESihfwuGi 0g;&rf;

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nDvmcHrS jyif;xefpGm ½Iwfcsvkduf\/

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ppfNydKiftpkd;&tzGJUukd zGJUpnf;xlaxmifMuonf/

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wkdif;Xme? taemufykdif;wkdif;Xme? awmifykdif;wkdif;Xme ponfjzihf Xmersm;zGihfvSpfum BudK;ukdifxm;onf/

XmetoD;oD;wGif EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmif? ppfa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;jzifh zGJUpnf;xm;onf/ XmecsKyfwGif


61

EkdifiHa&;? ppfa&;oifwef;rsm;ukd zGihfvSpfoifMum;onf/ ukda&TausmfOD;( armfuGefyxrqifh? ,ck a&Tjym;

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(,ck ppfawGNrdKUe,f awmifolv,form; aumifpDNrdKUe,f twGif;a&;rSL;)? ukdarmifomjr (,ck ppfawG

NrdKUe,for0g,r)? ukdapmxGef;atmif (ukefpkHqkdifykdif&Sif)? ukdOD;ausmfaZm (,ck ausmif;q&m)

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62

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63

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64

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65

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67

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68

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70

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71

wGif nDvmcHukd qufvufusif;yonf/

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72

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73

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74

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wGif usaemf\pm;tdrftjzpf olrwkdYtdrfukd usaemfajymif;vkdufonf/ þodkYrQom eHeufxrif;pm;csdefESihf

naexrif;pm;csdefwkdYwGif usaemfwkdY cspfolESpfOD; rsufESmcsif;qkdifum ajymvkd&m ajymEkdifMurnf

r[kwfygvm;/

tvkyform;vlwef;pm; wkdufyGJ tkH<urI? ykvdyfESihf tpkd;&trIxrf;aygif;pkH oydwfwkdufyGJrsm;?

ajrqDajrcGefray;a&;ESihf v,form;xktkH<urIrsm;? ysOf;rem;? v,fa0;? &ckdifjynfwkdYwGif vufeufpGJukdif

ckcHawmfvSefrIrsm;? zqyvtzGJU? Auyqkd&S,fvpfygwDESihf tvHeDwkdY\EkdifiHa&;xkd;ESufrIrsm;wkdYukd rcHr&yf

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tpkd;&tzGJU jyKwfoGm;&NyD/ bk&ifcH qmtdyfcsftD&efY (H.E. Rancer) a&mufvmonf/

1946-ck pufwifbmv 26-&ufwGif bk&ifcHtwkdifyifcH trIaqmifaumifpD tpkd;t&tzGJUwGif

zqyvtzGJUyg0ifaqmif&Gufonf/ AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;u 'k-obmywdtjzpfvnf;aumif;? ocifjru

jynfxJa&; 0efBuD;tjzpfvnf;aumif; acgif;aqmifMuygonf/

aumufuspfpOf;vJ&mwGif o&zlaqmif;aomNAdwdoQe,fcsJU\ vufukdif'kwf ppfAkdvfppfom;

wpf&mausmfygaomppfwyfonf 1946-ck Ekd0ifbmvwGif Mumtif;awmif&GmokdY OD;wnfcsDwufvm\/

aerGef;wnfhtcsdefcefY&SdavNyD/ Mumtif;awmif&GmteD;wpf0kdufwGif wm0efcsxm;aomt&yfuif;rsm;

teuf ausmufiEGm;&Gmt&yfom;uif;u ppfoabFm 3-pif;tjynhfygaom NAdwdoQppfom;rsm;

ausmufiEGm;&Gmqdyfurf;okdY wufaeMuNyD[k owif;vmykdYonf/

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wkd Y em;aevkdufMuonf/ Mumtif;awmif&Gm wnf&mt&yfrS rD;ckd;rD;vQHrsm; rkd;aumif;uifodk Y

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vmonf/

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rD;½IdUckdif;í awmykef;"m;jyXmecsKyfukd rD;½IdU&onf[k NAdwdoQppfbufe,fbuf tBuD;tuJrsm; ajymoGm;

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Muonf/

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ajy; wkdufyGJrsm; jyKvkyfoGm;Ekdifonf/ okdYaomf ,ck AkdvfcsKyftrIaqmifaumifpD tpkd;&jzpfaeNyD/

AkdvfcsKyfwkdYu usaemfwdkYXmecsKyf Mumtif;awmifukd rD;½IdUckdif;rnfukd usaemfwkdY r,kHMunf/ usaemf

usnfqHwpfawmihfrQypfcGihfrjyK/ AkdvfcsKyfwkdY ocifjrwkdYESihf awGUqkHNyD; ajz&Sif;,lrnf[k usaemfwm0ef,l

vkduf&\/ uufpfbD(NAdwdoQ ppftkyfcsKyfa&;acwf) acwfESifh qmay:xGef;wkdY tpkd;&acwfuyif

Mumtif;awmif? jynfolYnDvmcHusif;yaom Mumtif;awmif&Gmukd usaemfwdkY XmecsKyfwnfaqmufxm;

ygvsufESihf xkdpOfu rD;r½IdUchJ/


75

,ck AkdvfcsKyfwkdY trIaqmifaumifpDtpkd;&zGJUNyD;rS wrifwum &GmvkH;uRwf rD;½IdUvk,ufrIjyKonfukd

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rcGJEkdifNyDukd oifoddoifhvSNyD/ AkdvfcsKyfwkdYu usaemfwdkY XmecsKyfMumtif;awmif&Gmtm; rD;½IdUvk,ufckdif;

rnf[k wqHjcnfrQ usaemfr,kHMunf/

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usaemfwdkY awmpcef;rSxGufvmMuonf/ rD;½IdUrcH&aom Mumtif;awmifbkef;BuD;ausmif;wGif

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vufrcH&JatmifESihf rMumao;rDu &mxl;vufcHcJhaom AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;wkdYtm; tMunfñkdysuf

atmif Mumtif;awmif&Gmukd wrifwum rD;½IdUavNyD/

okdYaomf e,fcsJUNAdwdoQ\ tBuHtpnf ratmifjrif? Mumtif;awmif&Gm rD;½IdUcH&jcif;aMumifh

&ckdifwjynfvkH;u NAdwdoQe,fcsJUpepfqkd;ukd atmhESvkH;emvmatmif usaemfwkdY vIHYaqmfonf/

axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom aus;&Gmrsm;? NAdwdoQe,fcsJUpepfqkd;ukd ykdíykdí pufqkwf&GGHU&SmvmMuonf/

aomif;aygif;rsm;pGmaom jynfolvlxkrsm;? Mumtif;awmif&Gmol&Gmom;rsm;ukd *½kPmoufvm

Muonf/ ulnDvmMuonf/ Mumtif;awmifESifh teD;tem; aus;&Gmrsm;rS ½kd;om;aom v,form;rsm;?

rdrd&ifaoG;om;ysKdrsm;ukd vufqGJNyD; NAdwdoQe,fcsJUtm; wGef;vSef&ef usaemfwkdY wyfzGJUrsm;xJ oGif;vmMu

onf/

&maygif;rsm;pGmaom awmfvSefa&;wyfom;opfrsm;ukd usaemfwkdY &&Sdavawmh\/ usaemfwkdY

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1946-ck 'DZifbmv21&uf paeaeYxkwfa0aom ol&d,owif;pmwGif q&mawmfvGwfonfhudpöESifh

ywfoufí atmufygtwkdif;a&;om;xm;onf/

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(odkYr[kwf) 'kwd,NrdKUykdifxH rdrdwdkYvufwGif;&Sd vufeufrsm;ESihfwuG rdrdwdkYukd,fukd rdrdwkdYtvkdtavsmuf

0ifa&muftyfESH&rnf/

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\aemufvkduf wynhfrsm; rnfolrqkd rdrdwkdYukd,fwkdifvlowfrI? vlaorI (odkYr[kwf) BuD;av;aom

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csKyfa&;) acwfuyif rdrdwdkYpGJukdifxm;aom vufeufrsm;? cJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm;? tm;vkH;ukd tyfESHvQif

ao'Pftjypf&Sdonfhwkdif ao'Pfray;[k aMujimajymqkdum usaemfwdkYtm; vufeufcs&ef txyfxyf

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cJhMu/

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usaemfwkdY vufeufrcs/ ,ck AkdvfcsKyfwkdY trIaqmifaumifpDtpkd;&uvnf; rdrdwdkYvufwGif;&Sd vufeuf


76

tm;vkH;ESihfwuG rdrdwkdYukd,fukdrdrdwkdY tvkdtavsmuf0ifa&muftyfESH&rnfqkdcsufukd usaemfwkdY wa&G;om;

rQ vufrcHMu/

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&efukefokdY ukd,fpm;vS,fvTwfvkdufonf/ &ufowåESpfywftwGif; jyefvm&ef taotcsm

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bJ xGufcGmoGm;Mu\/

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jyKaeMuonf/ xifovkdzrf;qD;NyD; vlrqefpGm nOf;qJaeonf/ xifovkd axmif'Pfao'Pfay;ae

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pepfjzifh v,f,mpkdufysKd;xGef,ufMuonf/

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v,fajrrsm;ukd vufikwfvuf&if; v,form;rsm;? qif;&Jom;v,form;rsm;ESihf ajrrJh,mrJh v,f,m

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aom trIaqmifaumifpDtpkd;&ESihf usaemfwkdY xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifjzpfvmapa&;twGufvnf;aumif;?

q&mawmfwkdY Oya'twGif;odkY r0ifvmEkdifapa&;twGufvnf;aumif;? q&mawmfOD;pdEÅmtm; ½kH;wif


77

w&m;rpGJ? wpfvtwGif; rdrdwdkY vufeufrsm;ESihfwuG rdrdwdkYukd,fukd tyfESHMu&ef aMujimcsufxkwfxm;

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xyfqifhjyKvkyfvmMu\/

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q&mawmfESihf usaemfwkdY tiwftjywfcHumn ckdatmif;ae&\/

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vkdtyfvQif cGJay;rnf[kajymaMumif;ukdvnf; olqufvufajymjy\/


78

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wGif ppfwyfykvdyfrsm; arTaESmufvsuf&Sdao;onfukd oltHhMoaMumif;? olESihfukdñkdxGef; a&SUajy;tjzpf

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&SdaMumif;wkdYudk ol&Snfvsm;pGmwifjyoGm;onf/

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awGUqkH&a&;twGuf ajrmif;abGokdY usaemfvkdufoGm;rnf/ OD;AaqGtm; Mumtif;awmifwkdY rD;½IdUcH&rIukd

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,aeYtpkd;&\ toGifvu©PmESpfrsKd;jzpfae\/ AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; 'kwd,obmywdtjzpf

aqmif&Gufaom trIaqmifaumifpD tpkd;&[líxdyfykdif;rS AkdvffcsKyfwkdYu &Sdae\/ okdYaomf wkdif;rif;BuD;

ta&;ykdif? c½kdif&mZ0wf0ef polwkdYrSm tm;vkH;vkdvkd rsufESmjzLt&m&Sdrsm;csnf; jzpfae\/

'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;twGif;u jrefrmjynfodrf; NAdwdoQppfwyfwGif tmPmt&SdqkH;aom

ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;wyf (Field Security Service)ukd ukdifcJhonfh ar*smtqifh&Sdolonf ppfwHqdyf Mu,fESihf

ppf,lepfazmif;ukd cRwfNyD; t&yf0wfjzihf ,aeYtpdk;&\ c½kdif&mZ0wf0ef (D.S. P)jzpfaeonf/

ume,fESihf vufzwifheifhume,f vkyfcJhMuaom ppfbuft&m&SdBuD;rsm;onf ,cktpkd;&\

wkdif;rif;BuD;? c½kdif0ef polrsm; jzpfaeMu&NyD/ ,aeYolwkdY ppf,leDazmif; 0wfqifrxm;aomfvnf;

NAdwdoQppftkyfcsKyfa&;acwfuyif olwkdYonf q&mawmfESihf usaemfwkdY\urÇmh&efolrsm;jzpfMuonf/

,if;tjyif þ,kwfrmaom NAdwdoQppfbufESihf NrdKUjybuft&m&SdBuD;rsm;onf AkdvfcsKyfwkdY

zqyvtzGJUu trIaqmifaumifpDtpkd;&tzGJUwGif yg0ifaqmif&GufNyD;rS usaemfwkd Y XmecsKyf

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wqHjcnfrQ iJhn§mjcif;rjyK? q&mawmfOD;pdEÅmtm; ½kH;wifw&m;rpGJ[k tpkd;&tzGJUu aMujimcsuf xkwfa0

xm;ygvsufESihf jynfxJa&;0efBuD;u ppfwyfrsm; ½kyfodrf;xm;&ef aMu;eef;jzihf taMumif;Mum;NyD;ygvsuf

ESihf ,ck Mumtif;awmifwkdufe,f&Sd aus;&Gmrsm;ukd rD;½IdU? vk,uf? rk'def;usihfrIrsm; aomufaomufvJvJ

wrifwumjyKaeNyD/

tajrmufrsm; ypfcwfum q&mawmfESihf usaemfwkdYtm; awmeif;arTaESmuf&SmazGaeNyD/ usaemfwkdY

tm; NAdwdoQppfwyfrS awGUvQif ypfowfaumif; ypfowfrnfjzpfae&m usaemfwdkYESpfOD; oGm;½kd;oGm;pOf

vrf;rS roGm;Mu&/ NAdwdoQppfwyf? ykvdyfwyfwkdYESihfa0;uGmaom ab;uif;aomvrf;ukd xGifum awmif

txyfxyf awmtxyfxyfukd azmufxGif;NyD; auGUum jzwfumvmcJhMu&\/

waeukefwaecrf;BuD;rm;pGm yifyef;qif;&JcHjum rem;raevmcJhMuaom usaemfwkdY ESpfOD;aevkH;

uG,faysmufrS ajrmif;abGodkY a&muf&SdoGm;Mu\/ ukdAaqGESifh udkñkdxGef;wkdYukd ukdarmifpdefvS\zcif

q&mBuD; OD;aomMumatmif tdrfwGif tqifoifhawGU&onf/ Mumtif;awmifodkY ul;wkdYykdY&ef vlwOD;

ESihfavSwpD;ukd tylwjyif; &SmazG&if; naepmpm;Mu\/ vlwOD;ESifh avSwpif;&ygonf/

odkYaomf avStayguf? 'Da&vnf; qefaeonf/ wnOfhvkH; r&yfrem; tvSnhfus avS0rf;rS


79

qm;iefa&rsm;ukd cGufpkyfwpfckjzifh jyufxkwfae&\/ ukdAaqG? ukdñkdxGef;? ukduHBuD;ESihfusaemf wa&;rQ

rtdyfvkduf&/ rkd;pifpifvif;onfhwkdif Mumtif;awmifodk Yra&muf? uef;eDacsmif;0em;okd Yom

a&mufMuonf/ usoifhaiGukd avSorm;tm;ay;NyD; uef;eDacsmif;0rSurf;okdYwufum csif;trsKd;om;rsm;

\ cGqkH&GmodkYajcvsifavQmuf&onf/ cGqkH&GmwGif csif;trsKd;om;acgif;aqmifk OD;armifwkd;ukd olYtdrfwGif

tqifoifh awGU&onf/

Mumtif;awmife,fwGif NAdwdoQppfwyfrsm; vkH;0r&SdNyDukd od&\/ (aemifod&onfrSm jynfxJa&;

0efBuD;ocifjr ppfawGa&mufNyD; ppfwyfrsm;ukd ½kyfodrf;ckdif;í ½kyfodrf;oGm;aMumif; od&onf)/ olYtdrfwGif

Muufwpfaumifukd jyKwfum MuufjyKwf[if;&nfESihf usaemfwkdYpm;Muonf/ jyif;xefaomaeyl&Sdefatmuf

wGif Mumtif;awmifodkY usaemfwdkY ajcvsifavQmufvmMu\/ Mumtif;awmifodkY a&mufvQifa&mufcsif;

ukdAaqGESifhusaemfwkdY a&mufaeaMumif;ukd q&mawmfxH usaemftaMumif;Mum;vkdufonf/

naeqnf;qmcsdefwGif Mumtif;awmif bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;&Sd usaemfwkdYXmecsKyfjyKxm;aom

ae&mwGif q&mawmfOD;pdEÅm? ukdAaqG? ukdñkdxGef;? udkuHBuD;ESifh usaemfwkdY ½kd;om;yGifhvif;pGm 'll;wkdufaqG;

aEG;Muygonf/ trsKd;om;vGwfvyfa&;ukd t"dutajccHxm;um tvkyform; v,form;ta&;ESifh

qkd&S,fvpfa&;&m? EkdifiHwuma&;&mrsm;ukd tjrifcsif;zvS,fMuygonf/

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NAdwdoQe,fcsJUxHrS tEkenf;jzifhjzpfap? tMurf;enf;jzihfjzpfap vGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJwGif vufwGJa&;

twGufvnf; ukdAaqGwkdY zdwfac:ygonf/ q&mawmfOD;pdEÅmxHvmMuaom EkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;

ESihf aqG;aEG;yGJ[lorQwGif usaemfrygaomaqG;aEG;yGJ[lí r&Sdoavmufyifjzpfonf/

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ajratmufawmfvSefa&;vufeufukdif wyfzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;xm;onfh q&mawmfESihfusaemfwkdY\ vkyfief;

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t"dutm;xm;&rnfh tzGJUjzpfonf/ tmPmeDe,fajrxlaxmifNyD; v,fajra0iSay;jcif;onf

awmfvSefa&;\ t"du0if½kd;jzpfonf[líyif csD;usL;axmyemjyKygao;onf/ ukdAaqGtm; EkdifiHa&;

w&m;yGJusif;y&ef pDpOfxm;aMumif;ukd usaemfwdkYwifjy&m oloabmwlojzifh EkdifiHa&;w&m;a[myGJ

usif;ya&;ESifh vlxkcsDwufvma&;twGuf vIHYaqmf&ef zkwfylrD;wkduf aqmif&Guf&av\/

q&mawmfvGwfNyD? usaemfvGwfNyDq&mawmfvGwfNyD? usaemfvGwfNyDq&mawmfvGwfNyD? usaemfvGwfNyDq&mawmfvGwfNyD? usaemfvGwfNyDq&mawmfvGwfNyD? usaemfvGwfNyD

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rD;½IdUvk,uf rk'def;usihfcH&aom teD;tem;aus;&Gmrsm;rS &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;ESihfvnf; ukdAaqG 'l;wkdufaqG;

aEG;&NyD/ rGef;wnfh 12em&DcefYwGif Mumtif;awmiffq&mawmfBuD;u obmywdtjzpfvnf;aumif;?

usaemfutwGif;a&;rSL;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? aqmif&Gufaom jynfolwpfaomif;cefYwufonfh

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a&;&mwkdYukdvnf;aumif;? 2-em&DMumrQtus,fw0ifh ajyma[moGm;ygonf/ ukdAaqG? ukdñkdxGef;ESifhtwl

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yifyrf;aom ukdAaqG ajrmif;abGwGif zsm;em;oGm;onf/

rlvpDpOfxm;onfhtwkdif; pufbD;jzifh NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUodkY oGm;Muum NrdKUa[mif;wGif jynfxJa&;

0efBuD; ocifjrESifhqkHMua&;ukd y,fzsufvkduf&\/ ukdAaqGzsm;emaeí roGm;vmEkdifjzpfaeojzifh


80

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ukdñkdxGef;? ukdMumvSatmif (MuLaajymufusm;wyfzGJYacgif;aqmif)ukdazmfoif( ,ck &ckdifjynfe,f

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qkd&S,fvpfa&;xd a'gifhpkHbufpkH aqG;aEG;Muonf/

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av;eufpGmuwdjyK\/

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usaemfwkdY pDpOfcJhMuonfhtwkdif; ajrmufykdif;wkdif;rS AkdvfpdefxGef;atmif? Akdvfbom? Akdvf[m&DjzL? taemuf

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tm;vkH;wufa&mufMuNyD/

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twkdif; AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;acgif;aqmifaom trIaqmifaumifpDtpkd;&tzGJU\ q&mawmfudpöESihf

ywfoufíaMujimcsufukd usaemfwvkH;wyg'rusef zwfjyvkdufonf/

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0ifa&muftyfESH&rnf/

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onf/ tjcm;ol 0&rf;ajy;EkdfifiHa&;orm;rsm;ukd ½kH;wifw&m;rpGJ[k qkdrxm;/ Oya'wGif;a&mufvmvQif

zrf;qD;n§if;qJjcif;cHMu&rnf/

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tqukd usaemfjywfjywfom;om; wifjyonf/ ,aeYNAdwdoQbk&ifcHtpkd;&jzpfonf/ 'kwd,urÇmppf

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wkdif;rif;BuD;? ta&;ykdif? &mZ0wf0ef ponfjzihf tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmukd ,lxm;Muí tESpfom&tm;jzihf


81

NAdwdoQe,fcsJU ppf0g'Dtpkd;&toGif&Sdí BuD;rm;aom tEÅ&m,f&Sdaeonf/

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zGJUpnf;xm;aom ajratmufawmfvSefa&;vufeufukdif tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf jrefrmwEkdifiHvkH;ESifh,SOf

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q&mawmfOD;pdEÅm Oya'wGif;odkY þcsufaumif;wGif 0if&rnf/ q&mawmfOD;pdEÅmESihf &ckdifjynf

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vufcHvmMu\/

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94

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95

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99

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100

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101

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102

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103

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104

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109

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110

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111

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112

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126

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onf/


129

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130

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131

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xm;ygonf/

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132

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149

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160

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161

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162

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163

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B P T KYAW second book

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Transcript of B P T KYAW second book