© Boardworks Ltd 2003. Metals vs. Non-metals © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Metals vs. Non-metals.


Metals vs. Non-metals


Physical States at Room Temperature

• Most elements are solids.• Only 11 are gases.

• But even fewer are liquids.

All elements exist as either a solid, liquid or gas.


Reaction with Metals - general

• Many metals react with acids to form a salt and hydrogen gas.

• The general word equation is:

metal + acid a salt + hydrogen

• The salt will depend upon the metal and the acid used.

hydrogen+magnesium chloride

hydrochloricacid

+magnesium

•Hydrochloric acid gives Hydrochloric acid gives metal chloridesmetal chlorides•Sulphuric acid gives Sulphuric acid gives metal sulphatesmetal sulphates•Nitric acid gives Nitric acid gives metal nitratesmetal nitrates

•So, for example


Mg + acid

hydrogenLighted

spill

Oxygen in the air

Evidence of Reaction

Some of these reactions show bubbles being produced. These are bubbles of hydrogen gas. This proves that a reaction is taking place because a new substance is forming.

How do we test for hydrogen?


Zinc + hydrochloric + acid

• Use the general equation to finish of the word equations below

metal + acid a salt + hydrogen

iron + nitric acid +

calcium + sulphuric acid

+

iron nitrate

calcium sulphate

zinc chloride

hydrogen

hydrogen

hydrogen

magnesium + sulphuric acid

+magnesium sulphate

hydrogen

Activity


React with Metals – Metal Reactivity

• We can use the activity series of metals to predict how vigorously (if at all) a metal will react.

• The more reactive the metal, the more vigorous the reaction.

• The least reactive metals do not react at all.

• Which metal fits the description silver; potassium; iron

1. Explodes in acid

2. Bubbles slowly in warm acid

3. Doesn’t react

potassium

iron

silver

PotassiumsodiumcalciummagnesiumaluminiumzincIronLead(Hydrogen)(Hydrogen)coppersilvergold

Decreasing activity


• How many of each type of atom does the formula of the salt represent?

Name of Salt Formula Contains

calcium chloride CaCl2 Ca Cl

sodium sulphate Na2SO4 Na S O

magnesium sulphate MgSO4 Mg S O

magnesium nitrate Mg(NO3)2 Mg N O

calcium sulphate CaSO4 Ca S O

one

two

one

one

one

two

one

one

two

one

four

four

six

four

Activity


• Can you finish off the equations below:– Step 1: Write down the word equation.– Step 2: Replace words with the

chemical formula. – Step 3: Balance the type of atom on both sides.

Already balances; No changeAlready balances; No change

magnesium + sulphuric acid

magnesium sulphate

+ hydrogen

Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2

Need 2 K on both sides Need 2 K on both sides

potassium + sulphuric acid

potassium sulphate

+ hydrogen

K + H2SO4 K2SO4 + H2

2K2K ++ HH22SOSO44 KK22SOSO44 ++ HH22

Activity


Metals with Hydrochloric Acid

2

hydrogen+magnesium chloride

hydrochloric acid

+magnesium

Mg + HCl MgCl2 + H2

No reactionhydrochloric acid

+copper

Cu + HCl - -

hydrogen+aluminium chloride

hydrochloric acid

+aluminium

Al + HCl AlCl3 + H2

hydrogen+calcium chloride

hydrochloric acid

+calcium

362 2

Ca + HCl CaCl2 + H22

2


Metals with sulphuric and nitric Acid

hydrogen+zinc sulphatesulphuric acid+zinc

Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2

hydrogen+magnesium nitrate

nitric acid+magnesium

Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + H2

hydrogen+iron nitratenitric acid+iron

Fe + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + H2

hydrogen+calcium sulphate

sulphuric acid

+calcium

362 2

Ca + H2SO4 CaSO4 + H2

2


2. Which of these is NOTNOT a typical property of metals?

A. conduct

B. strong

C. dense

D. brittle


3. What is the symbol for Gold?

A. Go

B. Au

C. Ag

D. au


4. Which of the following elements is not a metal?

A. copper

B. lead

C. lithium

D. neon


Which of these is a salt?

A) Sodium carbonate

B) Sodium chloride

C) Sodium hydroxide

D) Sodium


Which of these do all acids contain?

A) Hydrogen

B) Sulphur

C) Oxygen

D) Nitrogen


Which of these salts might be formed from nitric acid?

A) Potassium chloride

B) Sodium nitride

C) Aluminium sulphate

D) Calcium nitrate


Which of these metals might not react with hot dilute acid?

A) Sodium

B) Calcium

C) Silver

D) Iron


Which of these substances would not neutralise an acid?

A) Silver nitrate

B) Sodium carbonate

C) Calcium oxide

D) Magnesium hydroxide


What number must replace X to balance the equation?

Fe(OH)3 + X HCl 3H2O + FeCl3

A)1B)2C)3D)4


What number must replace X to balance the equation?

CaCO3 + X H2SO4 H2O + CaSO4 + CO2

A) 1B) 2C) 3D) 4

© Boardworks Ltd 2003. Metals vs. Non-metals © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Metals vs. Non-metals.

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Transcript of © Boardworks Ltd 2003. Metals vs. Non-metals © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Metals vs. Non-metals.