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TOPIC: Metals vs Nonmetals

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Classifying the Elements metals 2/3 (75%) of elements are metals non-metalsmetalloids Remaining elements: non-metals & metalloids (semi-metals) Metalloids: some properties of metals & some properties of nonmetals Staircase: Staircase: dividing line between metals & nonmetals elements to left are metals (except H) elements to right are non-metals

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Most elements are solid at room temperature Some nonmetals are gases All the noble gases, of course Some diatomics (H 2 N 2 O 2 F 2 Cl 2 ) There are only 2 Liquids at STP (room temp) Br 2 (non-metal) and Hg (metal)

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Properties of Metals Malleable flattened into sheets Ductile drawn into wires & tubes have Luster Good Conductors of heat & electricity Solid at room temperature (except Hg) Metals are losersMetals lose electrons & form positive ions Metals are losers Most reactive metal is Fr Most reactive family is Alkali Metals

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Sometals dont want electrons, they want to get rid of them

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Metals also have Low electronegativity (low attraction for electrons) Low ionization energy (doesnt take a lot of energy to remove an electron)

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Decreased Electronegativity Decreased Ionization energy

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Properties of Nonmetals generally gases or solids (except Br 2 ) solids are Brittle solids are Dull poor conductors of heat & electricity Nonmetals are winnersNonmetals gain electrons & form negative ions Nonmetals are winners Most reactive nonmetal is FMost reactive nonmetal is F Properties: OPPOSITE of metals

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Sononmetals love electrons, they want to take electrons

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Nonmetals also have high electronegativity (high attraction for electrons) high ionization energy (takes a lot of energy to remove an electron)

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Increased Electronegativity Increased Ionization energy

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Properties of Metalloids 7 metalloids: 5 on right of staircase: B,Si,As,Te,At 2 on left of staircase: Ge,Sb Each metalloid has some metallic and some nonmetallic properties Example:Si shiny like metal but brittle like nonmetal Metalloids are elements touching the stairs (except Al) and have some properties of metals and some of nonmetals

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Size of the Atom (Atomic Radius)

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previousprevious | index | nextindexnext Li: Group 1 Period 2 Cs: Group 1 Period 6 Cs has more energy levels, so its bigger

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Atomic Radius Gets Bigger

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previousprevious | index | nextindexnext How about as you go across?!

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as go across row size tends to decrease a bit because of greater PPP proton pulling power previousprevious | index | nextindexnext

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Atomic Radius Gets Smaller