© Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 1 of 32 Chemistry Metals and non metals.

© Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20051 of 32

Chemistry

Metals and non metals


antimony (Sb)

Is this element a or a ?

H

Li

Na

K

Rb

Cs

Fr

Be

Sc Ti

Mg

V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se BrCa Kr

Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn SbSr TeRh

Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi PoLa AtPt

Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?

Al P

N O

S Cl

F Ne

Ar

Rn

I

Si

Xe

He

B C

AsFeFe

Mg SPMg SP

CuCu

metal non-metal

IISb

Hard to say!

Sb

Metal or non-metal?

iodine (I)iron (Fe)copper (Cu)phosphorus (P)sulfur (S)magnesium (Mg)


Metals and non-metals in the periodic table

The periodic table is a list of all the known elements which are arranged according to the similarities in their properties.

Non-metals are mostly on the right.

Metals are on the left and in the centre.

What type of elements are between metals and non-metals?

Xe


Metals and non-metals in the periodic table


Metal, non-metal or metalloid?

H

Li

Na

K

Rb

Cs

Fr

Be

Sc Ti

Mg

V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se BrCa Kr

Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn SbSr TeRh

Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi PoLa AtPt

Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?

Al P

N O

S Cl

F Ne

Ar

Rn

I

Si

Xe

He

B C

As

silicon (Si) metalloidfrancium (Fr) metalscandium (Sc) metalkrypton (Kr) non-metalcobalt (Co) metal

What aremetalloids?

Which side are the non-metals on?

Which side are the

metals on?

Metalloids sometimes behave like metals and

sometimes like non-metals.

Metals are on the left and in

the centre.

Non-metals are mostly

on the right.


Can you name the following ….

• Common metals

• Cu

• Zn

• Al

• Fe

• Ag

• Au

Common non metals

• C

• O

• S

• H

• N


What are the properties of metals?

Properties of metals strongdense

Shiny (lustrous) malleable (easy to bend)

high melting point

sonorous(makes a sound)

high boiling pointductile

(can be streched into wires)

good conductor of electricity

good conductor of heat

Do all metals have these properties?

solid


Properties of metals and non-metals


Using metals

Can all metals do the same job?.


Applications of metals


Alloys

1. Bronze

Bronze is a mixture of copper and tin.

It is used to make statues

An alloy is a mixture of metals.


Alloy example 2: Brass

• Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.

• It is used to make musical instruments


Alloy example 3:Steel

• Steel is a mixture of iron and carbon.

It is used to make ships!


Alloy example 4: Solder

• Solder is an alloy (mixture of tin and lead).

• It is used to join up copper wires


Metal + acid

hydrogen

burning splint

Many metals react with acids. When this happens the metal fizzes as bubbles are produced.

What do the bubbles mean?

A gas is produced.

How can you test to find out if the gas produced is hydrogen?

Place a burning splint in the test tube. A ‘pop’ as the gas ignites shows that hydrogen is the gas produced in this reaction.

Reaction of metals with acids


Investigating the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid

• Put a piece of zinc metal into hydrochloric acid

• Place some parafilm over the top of the test tube

• Test the gas produced with a lighted splint


metalnitratenitric acid

Reaction of metals with acids

When a metal reacts with an acid, the products are a salt and hydrogen gas.

metal hydrogensulfuricacid

hydrochloric acidacid metal

sulfatemetal

chloridesalt

The test for hydrogen:Place a burning splint into the gas – if it gives a ‘pop’ it shows that the gas is hydrogen.


zinc chloride

Complete the word equations

The word equation:

hydrogen

HCl

zinc

The chemical equation:

Zn

hydrochloric acid

ZnCl2 H2


Ranking metals in order of reactivity


potassiumsodiumcalcium

magnesiumaluminium

zincironlead

(hydrogen)(hydrogen)coppersilvergold

incr

easi

ng

rea

ctiv

ity

Reactivity of metals

The reactivity series is a list of metals in the order of how reactive they are.

The more reactive the metal, the more vigorous the reaction with acids and water.


• Cats Make Zebras Cry


Metals and rusting

Rusting is a chemical process when a metal reacts with oxygen and water to make a new substance.


Investigating what’s needed for a metal to rust


Ways to prevent rusting:

1. Oiling

2. Painting

3. Galvanising – covering the metal with another metal which doesn’t rust!


Group 1 – the alkali metals

Alkali metals are in group 1 of the periodic table.

1

H He

Rn

Xe

Kr

Ar

Ne

Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At

Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I

Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br

Mg Al Si P S Cl

Be B C N O F

Cs

Rb

K

Na

Li

Fr

Francium (Fr) is a very rare, radioactive and unstable

element. This makes it difficult to study.

Alkali earth metals are in group 2 of the periodic table,


Electron structure

All alkali metals have 1 electron in their outer shell. This means that:

lithium2,1

sodium2,8,1

potassium2,8,8,1

They can easily get a full outer shell by losing 1 electron.

They have similar physical and chemical properties.

They all lose their outer shell electron in reactions to form

positive ions with a +1 charge.


Reactions of the alkali metals

Lithium Sodium Potassium

Where is it found in the group?

Does it react with air?

How is it stored?

How does it react with water?

What substances are formed in the reaction with water?


Reactions with air

All alkali metals react with air to form metal oxides.

The speed with which alkali metals depends on where they are found in their group

Alkali metals are stored in oil to prevent them from reacting with air

lithium – reacts slowly;

sodium – reacts quickly;

potassium – reacts very quickly.


Reactivity of alkali metals with water


Reaction of lithium with water

Lithium is the least reactive of the alkali metals. When added to water, it fizzes and moves around slowly across

the surface of the water.

lithium + water lithium + hydrogen

hydroxide


Reaction of sodium with water

When added to water, sodium fizzes more than lithium, and

moves quickly across the surface of the water.

The hydrogen sometimes catches fire because of the heat from the

reaction.

sodium + water sodium + hydrogen hydroxide

What is the equation for this reaction?


Reaction of potassium with water

When added to water, potassium burns with a lilac

flame and the hydrogen catches fire immediately. It

moves across the surface of the water very quickly. Like

sodium, it melts with the heat of the reaction.

potassium + water potassium + hydrogen hydroxide

What is the equation for this reaction?


Alkali metal facts

© Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 1 of 32 Chemistry Metals and non metals.

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Transcript of © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 1 of 32 Chemistry Metals and non metals.