CHAPTER 5METALS VS. NONMETALS

METALSM

etals are elements found to the left of the stair step line. M

etals are good conductors of heat and electricity.M

etals are solid at room temperature except Mercury (Hg)M

etals reflect light which is a property called luster. M

etals are malleable, which means they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets.

Metals are ductile, which means they can be drawn into wires.

PROPERTIES OF METALSMetals-Physical Metals- Chemical

Good conductors of heat and electricity

Easily lose electrons (form cations (+) ions)

Luster (shininess) Corrodes easily

High density Reactive

High melting point Examples of Cations

Ductile and Malleable Na+ , Mg2+, Al3+

Solid at STP (except Hg)

ALKALI METALSG

roup 1 on the periodic table.G

ood conductors, shiny, malleable, and ductileS

ofter than most metals. M

ost reactive of all metals- Reacts violently with water (H2O) and oxygen (O)

Readily combine with other elements and don’t occur in nature by themselves.

Each atom has 1 ve- in its outer energy level.

This e- is given up when it combines with a nonmetal, thus making it a 1+ cation charge.

Electron configuration ends in Xs1

ALKALINE EARTH METALSM

ake up group 2 of the periodic tableS

hiny, malleable, and ductileN

ot found as free elements in nature, because they combine so readily with other elements.

Each atom has 2 e- in its outer energy level.

These 2ve- are given up when they combine with a nonmetal, thus making it a cation with a 2+ charge.

Electron configuration ends in Xs2

WHY ARE BOTH HYDROGEN AND CESIUM S-BLOCK ELEMENTS, WHEN HYDROGEN HAS ONE ELECTRON

AND CESIUM HAS 55?

A. All blocks contain at least one element from each period.

B. Blocks of elements on the periodic table are based only on an element's valence electrons.

C. The s-block includes only the most reactive elements.

D. They have identical electron configurations.

A

toms of elements in group 2 have ____________.

A.o

ne electron in their outermost energy level

B.t

wo electrons in their outermost energy level

C.s

even electrons in their outermost energy level

D.e

ight electrons in their outermost energy level

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NONMETALS

E

lements that usually are gases or brittle solids at room temperature

S

olids- Brittle, powdery, are not malleable or ductile

D

o not conduct heat or electricity well

N

o luster- Dull

F

ound to the right side of the stair step line

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN NONMETALS

T

he e- in most nonmetals are strongly attracted to the nucleus of

atoms.

F

orm ionic and covalent compounds

W

hen Nonmetals Gain e- from metals. They form ionic compounds.

W

hen 2 nonmetals share electrons with other nonmetals and they

combine they form covalent bonds or molecular compounds.

PROPERTIES OF NON METALS Non Metals-Physical Non Metals- Chemical

No luster (dull) often colored Tends to gain electrons from metals to form ionic bonds

Poor conductors of heat and electricity

Share electrons with other nonmetals to form

Low Density

Low Boiling Point

molecules or covalent compounds

Non Ductile and Malleable Reactivity increases upward

Brittle F is the most active

HALOGENS

G

roup 17- Form Halide compounds

V

ery reactive in their elemental form, but their compounds have many

uses

G

ains 1e- from metals to form ionic compound

F

is the most chemically active of all the elements

E

xist as diatomic molecules

E

lectron configuration ends in Xs2Xp5

NOBLE GASES A

LWAYS exist as ISOLATED ATOMS

T

hey are stable because their most outer energy levels is full with

8e-

H

elium has 2ve-, but its 1st energy level is still full

T

hey are colorless, odorless, and tasteless.

T

hey are sometimes called inert gases because they rarely take

part in a chemical reaction.

E

lectron configuration ends in Xs2Xp6

A

toms of elements in group 17 have ____________.

A.o

ne electron in their outermost energy level

B.t

wo electrons in their outermost energy level

C.s

even electrons in their outermost energy level

D.e

ight electrons in their outermost energy level

W

hich of the following is incorrect in regards to group 18 Noble Gases?

A.H

as 8 valence electrons and has a full outer energy level.

B.D

oes not bond with other elements on the periodic table.

C.L

ikes to gain and receive electrons.

D.

Has an outer electron configuration of Xs2Xp6

PROPERTIES OF METALLOIDS

H

ave properties of both metals and nonmetals.• Solids• Shiny or dull• Ductile• Malleable• Conduct better than nonmetals but not as

well as metals.

W

hich of the following are poor conductors of heat and electricity?

A.M

etals

B.M

etalloids

C.N

onmetals

D.a

lkaline earth elements