THE GREAT WAR“THE WAR TO END ALL WARS”

WORLD WAR I

“I got YOUR BACK!!!!!

Causes of War – M.A.I.N.• Militarism - Buildup of armed forces• Alliances - countries form pacts to help one

another during hostile action• Imperialism - Countries of the world,

especially Europe scramble to gain the unclaimed territories

• Nationalism – Extreme pride in one’s country

Pre WWI Europe

The onset of WAR

• The assassination of Austria-Hungary’s Archduke Franz Ferdinand lights the fuse

Onset of war (cont’d)• After F.F. is assassinated, A-H declares war on

Serbia, the accused killer!• Russia, Serbia's protector under their alliance

mobilizes their army.• Germany demands that Russia stand down, Russia

refuses. • Germany mobilizes• IN response France mobilizes• BATTLE LINES ARE DRAWN

THE CENTRAL AND ALLIED POWERS AT THE BEGINNING

OF THE WAR• CENTRAL = Austria-Hungary, Germany,

and Ottoman Turks• Allied = France, Russia, Great Britain, and

Serbia

Germany’s Schlieffen Plan• Germany’s plan to not get caught in two

front war. (First strike)• March into France, Dominate them, force

them to surrender and focus on Russia.• Their invasion tramples through Belgium,

Great Britains protectorate thrusting G.B into the war.

Schlieffen Con’t

• Germany is dominating France until G.B. sends its troops in the nick of time

• Stops Germany 30 miles from Paris. • A stalemate ensues due to new weaponry

and trench warfare occurs for the next 4 years

Map of the Plan

WWI battlefield

Trenches• Trenches were very elaborate. • Were never built in straight line• Were high enough to stand in. • All aspects of life happened in trenches,

sleeping, eating, relaxing, restroom use etc.

Trenches had no drainage system

After rainstorms, it was common for soldiers to be up to their knees in mud. Also, soldiers had to live among their own excrement, and usually they had to battle rats for food. Rats were rumored to beomce as large as cats and at times they were killed and eaten for food.

TRENCHFOOT

WWI Battlefield• In previous wars, horseback charges led to

the advancement of troops.• The machine gun ended the advancement of

troops on foot or horseback. • The machine gun could wipe out whole

platoons trying to cross no-mans land

Tanks• Tanks were created as a means to cross no

mans land. • These heavliy armored vehicles could run

over barbed wire and resist machine gun fire. They would clear a path for troops

WWI Tanks in action

Barbed Wire

• Even if a person braved no mans land they would have to pass heavy barbed wire to reach the enemies trench

• The barbed wire was almost impenetrable and if it was penetrated, it slowed troops down just enough time to get off an accurate shot!

Barbed Wire

Poison Gas• World war I saw the

use of the 1st Weapons of mass destruction - Mustard gas

• If inhaled your lungs would liquify and you would drown it also cause blindness and skin blistering

OTHER WEAPONS

• FLAME THROWERS • Airplanes• Motorcycles• Railguns

American Isolationism

• President Wilson wants to stay out of the war.

• US supplies weapons• American industrialists

give loans to Allies• Industrialists want to

see these loans paid back.

American involvement

For 3 years America is neutral, but involvement is inevitable.U.S. takes a great disliking for Unrestricted submarine warfare.The Lusitania is sunk which has 128 Amer. Citizens on board

•

America cont’d• Germany sends Zimmerman telegram -

encourages Mexico to invade the U.S. to keep them out of Europe. (was the note real?)

• News Papers push for war.• America ENTERS THE WAR.

AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT• April 6th, 1917 America sends its first

(AEF) American Expeditionary Force to Europe.

• Fight separate of the Europeans.• Led by John J. “BlackJack” Pershing,

America turns the tide of the war.

classwork• P. 625 1-2• P. 631 1-2• Define Espionage Act and explain why it was passed? Pp. 630-632• P. 634 – Define - Great Migration

– (your opinion) List top 2 push and pull factors– Answer Geog. and History Question

• P. 639 2-3• Schenk V. USA on p. 636

What was Charles Schenck convicted of?What did Schenck’s pamphlet encourage?What did Schenck say protected his actions?What was the Supreme Court’s decision?

Wars end• New troops, new supplies, and new weapons are too much for the Germans and Austrian-Hungarians.

• America repeatedly drives back the enemy until an armistice is signed on Nov., 11, 1918

• 11th day 11th month at 11th hour war ends

Wilson and making peace• Fourteen points - Wilson’s program for reaching

peace• “League of Nations” - an organization to ensure

world peace (the U.S.’s idea but we don’t join)• P. 644 1-3• What did Wilson mean by “peace without victory?• Treaty of Versailles signed May 7, 1919

• Treaty was very harsh on Germany. This will later come back to haunt the world with another war

Palmer Raids, and the red scare

• In post WWI, the Russian Revolution takes hold. – Russian Revolution (1917) – Russian Civil War – – As a result of the communists vowing to spread their

ideology, America begins to take more harsh actions against radicals. And the First Red Scare ensues.

– Define – The First Red Scare– Define - Palmer Raids– What were the Palmer Raids a response to?

Domestic impact

•Great migration revisited • (AMSOUS – Boom pt 2)

•The Roaring 20’s – Prohibition and mafia (we will discuss this

further next unit)