Post on 13-Apr-2018
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SmartSphincter
Lukas Brgger, Philippe Bchler, Christian Gingert, Franc Hetzer,
Urs Sennhauser, and Bert Mller
Mid-term !aluati"n Meeting, Lausanne, #$ %pril #&'(
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SmartSphincter a device to treat fecal incontinence
University of Basel #Bert Mller, &)*##*#&'(
+ Fecal inc"ntinence F. means l"ss "/ c"ntr"l "/ de/ecati"n pr"cess0
+ 1!erall pre!alence "/ F in adults is 2et3een '' 4 and '5 40 t
increases 3ith age0
+ %ppr"6imatel7 "ne third "/ pe"ple li!ing in retirement h"mes "r similar
instituti"ns are a//ected - a2"ut 85 4 in U0S0 and ur"pe0+ 9ue t" the underrep"rted nature "/ F, it is likel7 that its true
pre!alence is e!en higher0
+ 9iapers can palliate 2ut in se!ere cases the patient needs an
appr"priate de!ice*implant0
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Natural anal sphincter and currently used devices
University of Basel )
%nnals "/ Bi"medical ngineering, :"l0 88, ;"0 5, Ma7 #&'(, pp0 ')55
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Need for a biomimetic device with sensory feedback
University of Basel 8
%nnals "/ Bi"medical ngineering, :"l0 88, ;"0 5, Ma7 #&'(, pp0 ')55
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Actuation principles for artificial sphincters
University of Basel 5Bert Mller, &)*##*#&'(
%nnals "/ Bi"medical ngineering,
:"l0 88, ;"0 5, #&'(, pp0 ')55
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Roadmap of approaches toward breakthrough in non-
biological artificial sphincter development
University of Basel (Bert Mller, &)*##*#&'(
%nnals "/ Bi"medical ngineering, :"l0 88, ;"0 5, Ma7 #&'(, pp0 ')55
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SmartSphincter project overview
Bert Mller, &)*##*#&'( University of Basel $
Clinical studies
Smart nan"structures
lectr"nics
Bi"mechanical m"del
Bi"mimetic actuat"r
%ut"n"m"us s7stem
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Clinical studies
University of Basel ?
@"2ia Brusa, 9aniel %2ler, Aadu @utuian, Peter Studer, lisa Fatt"rini, Christian Gingert, Lukas 0
Brgger and Philippe Bchler
Combining FLIP with anatomical information A novel method to assess the compliance of the anal
sphincter muscles
;eur"gastr"enter"l"g7 M"tilit7 #&'(. 3ith the auth"rs /"r /inal appr"!al
Bert Mller, &)*##*#&'(
%nat"m7 and m"rph"l"g7 "/ the anal canal /"r the determinati"n "/ ge"metr7length, thickness. and mechanics E-m"dulus. as 3ell as /uncti"nal
parameters such as cl"sing pressure0
+ %nat"m7 !ia MA and US
+ Mechanical pr"perties !ia /uncti"nal luminal imaging pr"2e FLP. and high-
res"luti"n anal man"metr7 HA%M.
+ Clinical stud7 "n healthy volunteers /inished.
+ Clinical stud7 "n patients recruitment and start.
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Anal sphincter properties uideline
University of Basel =Bert Mller, &)*##*#&'(
Passi!e parameters male * /emale.>
Length, "uter radius> #= 8. mm, '? '. mm * #8 5. mm, '8 #. mm
Em"dulus se!eral '& kPa
%cti!e parameters>
Pressure at rest> 5# mmHg * 8$ mmHg
Pressure at sDueeze> '5( mmHg * $$ mmHg
%S
FLP
%S
'& ml #& ml )& ml 8& ml 5& mlFLP !"lume>
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Artificial muscles based on dielectric elastomer
actuators
University of Basel '&Bert Mller, &)*##*#&'(
E Sel/-supp"rting structure
E %deDuate length change
E :er7 l"3 electrical p"3er c"nsumpti"n
E Materials a!aila2le
< Large actuati"n !"ltage k:.
Scienti/ic challenge> 10,000-layer
sub-micrometer-thin sandwich-structure
'&&&&
la7ers
U )&:
U )&:' m
thickness
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!olecular beam deposition with in situ ellipsometry
University of Basel ''Bert Mller, &)*##*#&'(
@0 @Ipper et al0, Tailoring the mass distribution
and functional group density of dimethylsiloane!
based films by thermal evaporation"%PL
Materials,re!isi"n su2mitted #&'(.
F0 M0 Jeiss et al0, #olecular beam deposition of high!permittivity
polydimethylsiloane for nanometer!thin elastomer films in dielectric
actuators" #aterials and $esign" re!isi"n su2mitted #&'(.
n-situ ellips"metr7 all"3s m"nit"ring
/ilm gr"3th
re/racti!e inde6 sur/ace r"ughness
p"r"sit7
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Alternating current electro-spray deposition
University of Basel '#Bert Mller, &)*##*#&'(
F0 Jeiss et al0 Electrospraying nanometer!thin elastomer films for low!voltage dielectric actuators , %d!0 lectr"n0 Mater0
'5&&8$(, "nline #&'(. d"i>'&0'&*aelm0#&'5&&8$(
F0 Jeiss et al0 Thin film formation and morphology of electro!sprayed polydimethylsiloane, Langmuir 32#&'(. )#$(
F0 Jeiss et al% Electro!spraying and ultra!violet light curing of polydimethylsiloane to fabricate thin films for low!voltage
dielectric elastomer actuators" Pr"c0 SP 979#&'(. =$=?)C
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Nanometer-thin "#!S deposition by electrospray
University of Basel ')Bert Mller, &)*##*#&'(
F0 Jeiss et al0, Electrospraying nanometer!thin
elastomer films for low!voltage dielectric actuators ,
%d!0 lectr"n0 Mater0 '5&&8$(, "nline #&'(.d"i>'&0'&*aelm0#&'5&&8$(
F0 Jeiss et al0, Thin film formation and morphology of
electro!sprayed polydimethylsiloane, Langmuir 32
#&'(. )#$(-)#?)
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!ulti-stack actuators
University of Basel '8Bert Mller, &)*##*#&'(
B0 1smani et al%, &tress measurements of planar
dielectric elastomer actuators, Ae!0 Sci0 nstrum0
re!isi"n su2mitted #&'(.
M0 Karapetk"!a, Masters thesis Bi"medical
ngineering, @H rich #&'(.
denti/7 "ptimal adhesi"n la7ers andph"t"-initiat"rs
ngineer "lig"mers 3ith
ad!antage"us /uncti"nal gr"ups
Use "/ mechanical pr"cessing steps,
e0g0 pre-straining
1ptimize pr"cess relia2ilit7 and
scala2ilit7
Multi-stacked actuat"rs 3ith MB9 and
electr"spra7 dep"siti"n
0 1 0 00 . 0
0 . 1
C
u
rv
a
tu
re
(m
-1)
V o l t a g e ( V )
4 L a y e r s 3 L a y e r s 2 L a y e r s 1 L a y e r
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System overview
University of Basel '5Bert Mller, &)*##*#&'(
Aece
i!erc"il
@ran
smitterc"il
!
"B#$
%9ielectric elast"mer
actuat"r*sens"r%
nerg7 st"rage
and c"ntr"l electr"nics
%Charger
%9ata trans/er
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$attery selection and testing as well as transcutaneous
energy transfer inductive power transfer
University of Basel '(Bert Mller, &)*##*#&'(
6periments t" estimate p"3er
c"nsumpti"n, selecti"n "n
appr"priate 2atteries
Great2atch #$=), capacit7 ##& m%h,
n"minal !"ltage )0$ :
Batter7 endurance stress test at 2"d7temperature )$ C. c"nsidering
stand27 and actuat"r use
C7cle time c"mpressi"n /act"r> #?0?,
i0e0 N actuat"r c7cles in '& 7ears
tested 3ithin 80' m"nths
//icienc7 measurements as the
/uncti"n "/ tissue thickness /r"m 5 t"
#5 mm
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%nergy harvesting e&periments designed
University of Basel '$Bert Mller, &)*##*#&'(
Stud7 3ith #& health7 !"lunteers t" measure the am"unt "/ energ7 gained 27
2"d7 acti!ities like m"!ement and 2reathing as 3ell as /r"m temperature
di//erences
+ Kinetic energ7 !ia magnetic inducti"n, piez"electric and electr"static
appr"aches using acti!e and passi!e m"!ement+ @hermal energ7 !ia temperature gradients 2et3een 2"d7 and en!ir"nment
+ 9e!ices selecti"n, pr"2a2l7 c"m2inati"n
+ Ae!ie3 article pending, "nl7 /irst dra/t a!aila2le p"stp"ned.
+ Aesults imp"rtant 2e7"nd the current pr"Oect
Humanenergyharvesting
Kinetic energy
Thermal energy
acti!e
passi!e
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Conclusions
University of Basel '?
+ Clinical studies 3ith !"lunteers ha!e 7ielded e6perimental data t"select ge"metr7 and mechanics "/ the actuat"r0 9e!ices /"r male and
/emale 3ill di//er0 9e!ice /"r /emales ha!e pri"rit70
+ lectr"spra7ing m"nit"red 3ith ellips"metr7. and c"m2ined 3ith ultra-
!i"let light curing all"3s /"r the preparati"n "/ ultra-/lat nan"meter-thin
/ilms 3ith rates at least "ne "rder "/ magnitude /aster than MB90
+ P"3er suppl7 and electr"nics are designed, sh"uld 2e impr"!ed, and
c"mplemented 27 energ7 har!esting0
+ Much attenti"n has 2een gi!en t" the scienti/ic papers cp0 ;e3s, Uni
Basel ( %pril #&'(., 2ut pr"t"t7pe de!el"pment is /"cus "/ acti!ities0
@he /inancial supp"rt "/ the nan"-tera0ch initiati!e is grate/ull7 ackn"3ledged0
Bert Mller, &)*##*#&'(