Post on 11-Jan-2016
Pageant 1-5 ReviewColonial America
Native Americans
• Main cause of death- lack of resistance to European diseases
• Lack of dense populations or complex nation-states in North America
• Lacked draft animals
• Lived in small, scattered, impermanent settlements
• Three “Ds”
Columbus
• Thought he was on the fringes of the East Indies- hence naming natives “Indians”
From Americas
• Tobacco
• Maize
• Beans
• Tomatoes
• Potatoes
American Plants
• Rapid Population Growth in Europe
Carolinas
• Earliest crop of importance was rice
Encomienda
• Indians given to Europeans if they promised to Christianize them
Henry VIII
• Break with the Roman Catholic Church affected path of America
Quakers
• Pacifists that refused military service
• Helped found Pennsylvania
• Tolerance of others lead to problems with those hostile to Indians
Lord De La Warr
• Installed a harsh military regime in Jamestown
• Aggressive military action against Indians
Colonists
• Supported– Individual Liberty– Self-government– Religious Tolerance– Economic Opportunity
• Lived better than European counterparts• Mainly Anglo-Saxon, but more diverse than
elsewhere
Sugar
• Had to be planted extensively
• Required clearing much land
• Required an elaborate refining system
• Capital-intense business
Maryland• Refuge for Catholics
• Act of Toleration- only for Christians
Slavery • Barbados code
• Most African slaves went to South America and the West Indies
• Increased after Bacon’s Rebellion
• Americans profited from slave trade
• British vetoed later efforts to restrict or halt slavery
England- Early 1600s• Unified nation-state• Measure of Religious Unity• Nationalism• Popular Monarch
• Paid little attention to colonies in early years
House of Burgesses
• First of many miniature parliaments
Jamestown
• Early years- starvation, disease and Indian raids
• John Smith kidnapped and spared- Chief Powhatan attempt to impress
Bacon’s Rebellion
• Young men frustrated by inability to acquire land
• Led to increase in slave trade
Southern Colonies
• Production of staple crops– When prices suffered, they produced more
• Slavery
• Tax support for Church of England
• Few large cities
• Allowed women to retain separate title-– Result of so many men dying young
Southern Slavery
• Helped create larger gap between wealthy and poor whites
Georgia
• Established as buffer between the Carolinas and Spanish Florida
• Initially banned slavery
Puritans
• Transplanted entire communities
• Wanted to avoid Dutchification of children
• Congregational church government led to democracy in political government
• Refused to recognize female property rights
Anne Hutchinson• Banished and fled to Rhode Island, then
New York
Roger Williams
• Complete religious freedom in Rhode Island
Half –Way Covenant
• Weakened the distinction between the “elect” and others
• Partial membership rights in the once-exclusive congregation
• Increased church membership
• Created a female majority in Puritan congregations
King Philip’s War
• Resulted in the lasting defeat of New England’s Indians
Dominion of the New World
• English attempt to better manage the colonies
• Sir Edmund Andros– Town meetings suppressed, Navigation Laws
were more strictly followed, taxation without representation, smuggling suppressed
• Collapsed as a result of the Glorious Revolution
New England Confederation
• Colonial attempt at unity
• Designed to bolster colonial defense
New England
• More eligible voters than England
• Expanded in an orderly fashion
Church of England
• King hoped it would act as a prop for his authority
Middle Colonies
• Last settled
• Bread basket of the colonies
Pennsylvania• Quakers- friendly with Indians, but did not
oppose those harassing them
Scot Irish• Mainly Presbyterian
• Came over later- settled on the frontier
• Anti- Church of England
• Anti- authority
The Great Awakening
• Undermined prestige of established clergy
• Split colonial denominations
• Led to founding of major colleges- Princeton, Dartmouth and Rutgers
• First spontaneous mass movement of American people
Gilbert Tennent
John Peter Zenger
• Allowed criticism of public officials
• Opened public discussions
Society by 1775
• More stratified, less social mobility
• Farming still main way of life for colonists
• Manufacturing- secondary way of life