CLASS 1

TSC 220ENERGY

Prof Mark Bryden

1620 Howe Hall

3-4 Wed

and by appt

kmbryden@iastate.edu

294-3891

Admin AssistantAngie Teig

1620 Howe Hall

ateig@iastate.edu

294-8060

UNDERSTANDINGENERGY

1 N-m

4.2 J

kcal (1000 calories)

4.2 kJ

1 Joule

1 cal

1 kcal(or Calorie)

1 kcal

1 hour vigorous exercise ~

260 - 430 kcals

1.1 - 1.8 MJ

300 - 500 Wh

1 quarter pounder =

60+ minutes of vigorous exercise

We consume 2500 kcal/day

= 10,000 Btu/day

= 2.9 kWh/day

~ 120 W

Full day of work

100 Wh

×10 hday

×1 kWh1000 W

= 1 kWh day

0.35 kW-h

1 kWh

11,000 kWh

3 TW-yr

1 candy bar

Human worker (1 day)

Household electric use (1 yr)

US energy use (1 yr)

~100,000 kWh/person/year

~10,000 h/yr (actually 8760)

= 10 kWh of continuous use

for each person

10 kWh of continuous use

= 240 kWh each day

= 240 personal servants

Household electricity usage

30 kWh per day per household

= 30 servants per household

about

10 personal servants

for each person

Power

W Watt 1 W ~ LED Flashlight

kW Kilowatt 1000 W 1.5 kW ~ Stove burner

MW Megawatt 1000 kW 1 MW ~ 5 ISU Buildings

GW Gigawatt 1000 MW 0.8 GW ~ Power plant

TW Terawatt 1000 GW 3.3 TW ~ US energy use

PW Petawatt 1000 TW

1 quadrillion Btu’s

1.055 exajoulequad =

“ALTERNATIVE” ENERGY?

COLONIAL AMERICA

Wood is the primary fuel

Wood is in short supply

Franklin stove invented

Coal discovered in PA

1650

1700

1742

1792

Coal:the alternative fuel1792

MEANWHILE IN ENGLAND

Spinning mule patented

Spinning mule out of patent

1769

1783

The industrial revolution is on ...

...powered by water mills

Running out of suitable sites for water mills

Watts - steam engine

1820

1830

JAMES WATT - 1800

Condensing engines1820

ENERGY IN 1870 AMERICA

“The subterranean stores of coal are becoming exhausted ....”

Lord Kelvin 1881

first windmill for electric power production1887

ENERGY IN 1890 AMERICA

Svante Arrhenius

fossil fuel combustion may cause global warming

1896

Oil:the alternative fuel1900

the gas engine1900

Today What is the Alternative Energy?

5.6 TW - OIL

3.8 TW - COAL

3.5 TW - NATURAL GAS

0.9 TW- NUCLEAR

0.9 TW- HYDRO

0.1 TW- OTHER

WORLD ENERGY USE = 14.8 TW-YR

5.6 TW - OIL

3.8 TW - COAL

3.5 TW - NATURAL GAS

0.9 TW- NUCLEAR

0.9 TW- HYDRO

0.1 TW- OTHER

WORLD ENERGY USE = 14.8 TW-YR

12.9 TW-YR (87%)

0.1 TW - OIL

0.8 TW - COAL

0.4 TW - NATURAL GAS

0.3 TW- NUCLEAR

0.3 TW- HYDRO

0.1 TW- OTHER

WORLD ELECTRICAL USE = 2 TW-YR

0.1 TW - OIL

0.8 TW - COAL

0.4 TW - NATURAL GAS

0.3 TW- NUCLEAR

0.3 TW- HYDRO

0.1 TW- OTHER

WORLD ELECTRICAL USE = 2 TW-YR

1.3 TW-YR (65%)

1.9% - OIL

49.5% - COAL

19.5% - NATURAL GAS

19% - NUCLEAR

7.4% - HYDRO

2.7% - OTHER

U.S. ELECTRICAL USE = 0.5 TW-YR

0.35 TW-YR (71%)

OTHER

1.14% - BIOMASS

0.62% - WIND

0.53% - WASTE

0.39% - GEOTHERMAL

0.01% - SOLAR THERMAL

0.00% - SOLAR PV

0.00% - TIDE/CURRENT

0.005% - OTHER