Lecture 1 - Iowa State University€¦ · 1620 Howe Hall 3-4 Wed and by appt [email protected]...
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CLASS 1 TSC 220 ENERGY
Transcript of Lecture 1 - Iowa State University€¦ · 1620 Howe Hall 3-4 Wed and by appt [email protected]...
CLASS 1
TSC 220ENERGY
UNDERSTANDINGENERGY
1 N-m
4.2 J
kcal (1000 calories)
4.2 kJ
1 Joule
1 cal
1 kcal(or Calorie)
1 kcal
1 hour vigorous exercise ~
260 - 430 kcals
1.1 - 1.8 MJ
300 - 500 Wh
1 quarter pounder =
60+ minutes of vigorous exercise
We consume 2500 kcal/day
= 10,000 Btu/day
= 2.9 kWh/day
~ 120 W
Full day of work
100 Wh
×10 hday
×1 kWh1000 W
= 1 kWh day
0.35 kW-h
1 kWh
11,000 kWh
3 TW-yr
1 candy bar
Human worker (1 day)
Household electric use (1 yr)
US energy use (1 yr)
~100,000 kWh/person/year
~10,000 h/yr (actually 8760)
= 10 kWh of continuous use
for each person
10 kWh of continuous use
= 240 kWh each day
= 240 personal servants
Household electricity usage
30 kWh per day per household
= 30 servants per household
about
10 personal servants
for each person
Power
W Watt 1 W ~ LED Flashlight
kW Kilowatt 1000 W 1.5 kW ~ Stove burner
MW Megawatt 1000 kW 1 MW ~ 5 ISU Buildings
GW Gigawatt 1000 MW 0.8 GW ~ Power plant
TW Terawatt 1000 GW 3.3 TW ~ US energy use
PW Petawatt 1000 TW
1 quadrillion Btu’s
1.055 exajoulequad =
“ALTERNATIVE” ENERGY?
COLONIAL AMERICA
Wood is the primary fuel
Wood is in short supply
Franklin stove invented
Coal discovered in PA
1650
1700
1742
1792
Coal:the alternative fuel1792
MEANWHILE IN ENGLAND
Spinning mule patented
Spinning mule out of patent
1769
1783
The industrial revolution is on ...
...powered by water mills
Running out of suitable sites for water mills
Watts - steam engine
1820
1830
JAMES WATT - 1800
Condensing engines1820
ENERGY IN 1870 AMERICA
“The subterranean stores of coal are becoming exhausted ....”
Lord Kelvin 1881
first windmill for electric power production1887
ENERGY IN 1890 AMERICA
Svante Arrhenius
fossil fuel combustion may cause global warming
1896
Oil:the alternative fuel1900
the gas engine1900
Today What is the Alternative Energy?
5.6 TW - OIL
3.8 TW - COAL
3.5 TW - NATURAL GAS
0.9 TW- NUCLEAR
0.9 TW- HYDRO
0.1 TW- OTHER
WORLD ENERGY USE = 14.8 TW-YR
5.6 TW - OIL
3.8 TW - COAL
3.5 TW - NATURAL GAS
0.9 TW- NUCLEAR
0.9 TW- HYDRO
0.1 TW- OTHER
WORLD ENERGY USE = 14.8 TW-YR
12.9 TW-YR (87%)
0.1 TW - OIL
0.8 TW - COAL
0.4 TW - NATURAL GAS
0.3 TW- NUCLEAR
0.3 TW- HYDRO
0.1 TW- OTHER
WORLD ELECTRICAL USE = 2 TW-YR
0.1 TW - OIL
0.8 TW - COAL
0.4 TW - NATURAL GAS
0.3 TW- NUCLEAR
0.3 TW- HYDRO
0.1 TW- OTHER
WORLD ELECTRICAL USE = 2 TW-YR
1.3 TW-YR (65%)
1.9% - OIL
49.5% - COAL
19.5% - NATURAL GAS
19% - NUCLEAR
7.4% - HYDRO
2.7% - OTHER
U.S. ELECTRICAL USE = 0.5 TW-YR
0.35 TW-YR (71%)
OTHER
1.14% - BIOMASS
0.62% - WIND
0.53% - WASTE
0.39% - GEOTHERMAL
0.01% - SOLAR THERMAL
0.00% - SOLAR PV
0.00% - TIDE/CURRENT
0.005% - OTHER
