Post on 10-Dec-2015
JJ, Summer Event, 21July 20091
ITER pathway:ITER pathway:Any use to you?Any use to you?
ITER
J Jacquinot, Barcelona, 18 Sept. 09J Jacquinot, Barcelona, 18 Sept. 09
Synopsis
• What is ITER?What is ITER?
• History – Key milestonesHistory – Key milestones
• Key points for obtaining project approvalKey points for obtaining project approval
• Pro’s and Con’s of the international pathwayPro’s and Con’s of the international pathway
JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 20092
NB: Astronomy has a considerable experience in joint programmes. In fact, there is much more to learn from you…
What is ITER?• Demonstrate fusion Demonstrate fusion 500 MW, Q=10 500 MW, Q=10
• Size threshold beyond the capability of a single organisation
• Requires the construction of a large instrument:Requires the construction of a large instrument:– Construction: 500 M€ for 10 years
– Operation: for 20 years
• Challenges:Challenges:– Scientific burning plasma
– Broad range of technologies Supra, materials, mechanical, measurements etc.
– Organisational
• Independent ITER Organisation as UNESCO, UN
• In-kind procurements via domestic agencies
• 7 full partners, 35 countries7 full partners, 35 countries– EU (host), China, India, Korea (south), Japan, Russia, USA
– Site: Cadarache, France big deal!
– IO ratified by Treaty (end 2006)
JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 20093
JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 20094
Size: 2 x JET
Power: 500 MW
Power Gain : 10
- demonstrate D/T burning
- Tritium breeding blanket
- Flexibility optimize DEMO parameters
ITERITER
Homo sapiens sapiens
1990 2006 2015 2035Engineering Construction Exploitation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
R (m)
JET
ITER
TS
JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 20095
ITER: major phasesITER: major phases
1985-86 JET/TFTR results then proposal in summits:
Gorbatchev-Mitterand-Reagan-Tanaka.
1988-90 Conceptual design under IAEA: Europe, Japan, URSS, USA.
1992-2001 Detailed engineering design and prototyping:
Objectives : 1.5 GW - 1000 s, then 0.5 GW - 400 s / CW
R&D investments ~ 800 millions Euros.
USA withdraws in 1998 then back in 2003!
From 2002 : Negotiations : Russia, Japan, European Union, (Canada) then, since 2003, USA, China , South Korea
Statutes, organisation, funding and site selectionBroader approach by EU and Japan (ITER, materials, physics progr.)
From 2006 : Organisations on 3 levels :International – partners - FrenchIndia becomes a full memberIndia becomes a full member
24 October 2007 : Treaty signed by all partiesIO starts IO starts Today 450 people on site Today 450 people on site
JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 20096
13 % 13 % 10 % 10 %10 % 10 %34 %
Construction / 10 years / 4,7 G€
ITER: Sharing costs
9 % 9 % 9 % 9 % 9 %46 %
Local authorities
(~10%)Euratom (~6%)
State/CEA (~4%)
Euratom
Operation & dismantling/ 20 years / 5,7 G€
9 %
Note: no partner holds an absolute majority
Jean Jacquinot,, Cité du Livre 28 mai 20097
Supply in kind
Each domestic agency supplies part of the machine ‘In kind’Each domestic agency supplies part of the machine ‘In kind’
90% of the machine is obtained this way90% of the machine is obtained this way
Key points (1)
• A visionary objective and a successful scientific A visionary objective and a successful scientific precedentprecedent
– Preferably at the international level (for ITER: JET
• Project backed by the entire scientific communityProject backed by the entire scientific community– Established networks (for ITER: IAEA, IEA, Euratom)– Preparations by a design team under a legal umbrella (for ITER: IAEA)
• Periodic reviews (~ 2 per year)– Then construction/operation by an independent legal entity– Built in flexibility for novel ideas
• Opportunistic steering committeeOpportunistic steering committee– Grab windows of opportunities (they are short lived!)– Steady progress. Never risk a NO may require many small steps
JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 20098
Key points (2)
• Win-Win agreementWin-Win agreement– Fair return on each partner’s investment (for ITER: In-kind proc.)– Compensation if required (for ITER: EU/Japan broader approach)– Intellectual property rights (A lawyer’s delight, a nightmare for
you!, problem of underlying technology)
• FinancingFinancing– Consider financing input by local authorities– NO pinching budget at the expense of other scientific endeavours!– Note: total resources for the field should increase after approval
Synergistic effect (for EU fusion budget doubled!)
Pitfalls
• Long, long process!Long, long process!
• Political choices of IO managementPolitical choices of IO management– Instability (avoided if treaty based)
– Often inadequate
• Multiplication of interfacesMultiplication of interfaces– Technical risks
– Cost and delay overrun
• Draw experience from precedentsDraw experience from precedents– Yours…
– ITER, JET, ATLAS experiment in CERN
– A380 (?)
JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 200910
JJ, Summer Event, 21July 200911
Euratom - TEKES (1995)Finland (incl. Estonia)
Euratom - DCU (1996) Ireland
Euratom - ÖAW (1996)Austria
Eur - Hellenic Rep (1999) Greece (incl. Cyprus)
Euratom - IPP.CR (1999)Czech Rep.
Euratom - HAS (1999)Hungary
Euratom – MEdC (1999) Romania
Euratom – Univ. Latvia Latvia (2002)
Euratom - IPPLM (2005)Poland
Euratom - MHEST (2005)Slovenia
Euratom – CU (2007)Slovakia
Euratom – INRNE (2007)Bulgaria
Euratom – LEI (2007)Lithuania
Euratom - CEA (1958)France
Euratom – ENEA (1960)Italy (incl. Malta)
Euratom - IPP (1961)Germany
Euratom - FOM (1962)The Netherlands
Euratom - FZJ (1962)Germany
Euratom - Belgian State Belgium (1969)(incl. Luxembourg)
Euratom - RISØ (1973)Denmark
Euratom – UKAEA (1973)United Kingdom
Euratom - VR (1976)Sweden
Euratom - Conf. SuisseSwitzerland (1979)
Euratom - FZK (1982)Germany
Euratom –CIEMAT (1986) Spain
Euratom – IST (1990)Portugal
Euratom Fusion Associations (26)Joint construction of JET (1978)Joint construction of JET (1978)
JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 200912 12
JT60-SA
IFERC
IFMIF-EVEDA
ITER B.A.
ITER and the broader approach UE/Japan
~5 billions € ~0,68 billions €
47%
31%
22%