Post on 19-Mar-2018
Contribution of Hydropower to Enhance Water Security
29th November 2013
S.H. Midigaspe Chief Engineer (Business & Operational Strategy)
Ceylon Electricity Board Sri Lanka
Content • Overview of the Country & Power Sector • Hydropower Contribution – Historic and
Current • Hydropower from Mahaweli Basin • Water Security Basis • Hydopower Aspects • Conclusion
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Overview of Country & Power Sector
• Installed capacity – 3,000 MW (approx) • Peak Demand – 2,163 MW (2011)
• Energy Generation – 11,801 GWh (2012)
• Capacity Mix – Hydro 45% Thermal 55% • Energy Mix – Hydro 29% Thermal 71% (2012)
• T&D Losses – 10.67% (2012)
• Electrification level – 94% (estimated) • Per capita elect. consumption – 515 kWh (2012)
• Per capita energy - 439 kg OE • Share of Elect. To total energy – 9.6% (2011)
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Share of Gross Primary Energy Supply by Source
Primary Energy Share
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
1976
1982
1988
1994
2000
2006
2012
NRE Major hydro Coal Petroleum Biomass
Energy Balance of Sri Lanka 2011
Power Sector - Capacity & Generation • Thermal
• Coal - 300 MW (CEB) • Oil Fired - 1,400 MW (CEB 570
MW) Total thermal - 1,700 MW
• Hydro -1,350 MW (CEB)
Total - 3,000 MW approx.
Capacity (Dispatchable)
NRE Mini hydro - 234 MW Wind - 74 MW Biomass – 11MW
319 MW (non dispatchable)
Variation of Demand
Ceylon Electricity Board 7
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0:30
2:00
4:00
6:00
8:00
10:0
0
12:0
0
14:0
0
16:0
0
18:0
0
20:0
0
22:0
0
0:00
Dem
and
(MW
)
Time (GMT+05:30)
2001 2003
2005 2007
2006 2008
2009 2010
Hydro Thermal Historical Share
8
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
1976
1982
1988
1994
2000
2006
2012
GW
h
New Renewable Energy CEB Wind Thermal (Coal) Thermal (Oil) Major Hydro
Hydro Power Contribution Three hydro power complexes • Mahaweli River – 810 MW • Laxapana (Kelani River) - 335 MW • Other (Kalu / kukule & Walawe River) – 200 MW
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Energy Share of Each river basin
The Hydropower Related Rivers
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KehelgamuOya
CANYON P.S. 2 X 30 MW
WIMALASURENDRA P.S. 2 X 25 MW
OLD LAXAP. P.S. 50 MW
NEW LAXAP. P.S. 2X50 MW
POLPITIYA P.S. 2 X 37.5 MW
MoussakelleReservoir
Norton Pond
Canyon Pond
LaxapanaPond
MaskeliOya
CastlereaghReservoir
LAXAPANA HYDRO LAXAPANA HYDRO POWER COMPLEXPOWER COMPLEX
Mahaweli River Basin • Seven power stations • Five in the natural river route
– Upper Kotmale - 2X75 MW – Kotmale - 3X67 MW – Victoria - 3X70 MW – Randenigala - 2X60 MW – Rantembe - 2X25 MW
• Two in the diversion route – Ukuwela - 2X20MW – Bowatenna - 1X40MW
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Contd.
Mahaweli Hydro Power Complex
Tunnel to Ukuwela
KOTMALE P.S. 3 X 67 MW
VICTORIA P.S. 3 X 70 MW
Reservoir
Polgolla Barrage
Randenigala Reservoir
Rantambe Pond
RANTAMBE P.S. - 2 X 25 MW
RANDENIGALA P.S. - 2 X 62 MW
UKUWELA P.S. 2 X 20 MW
Victoria Reservoir
Bowathenna Pond
Kotmale Oya
Mahaweli Ganga
Tunnel to Ukuwela
KOTMALE P.S. 3 X 67 MW
VICTORIA P.S. 3 X 70 MW
Kotmale Reservoir
Polgolla Barrage
Randenigala Reservoir
Rantambe Pond
RANTAMBE P.S. - 2 X 25 MW
RANDENIGALA P.S. - 2 X 62 MW
UKUWELA P.S. 2 X 20 MW
Victoria Reservoir
Bowathenna Pond
Kotmale Oya
Mahaweli Ganga
Upper Kotmale Reservoir UPPER KOTMALE P.S.
2 X 75MW
Mahaweli Complex
Water Security Water Security Involves • Optimum harnessing of rainfall
– All available water should be harnessed to the best possible
• Storing excess for latter use – Reservoirs /ponds
• Optimized utilization of the stored water – Among sectors
• Irrigation /power/town supply
– Within sectors • Without waste / best coordination / highest efficiency
– For the best socio economic benefit of country • Total macro picture - not one sector
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Hydropower Aspect • Hydropower has both reservoir and run of the river types • Reservoir type more relevant and important for water security • Same for hydropower • During planning /feasibility of reservoirs / multipurpose schemes support
of hydropower sector assured • Large reservoirs involve heavy expenditure
– Large structures – Resettlement – Compensation
• Power sector relatively a more commercial operation compared to other sectors
• Hence the hydropower benefit makes an important contribution in feasibility as well as implementation
• Some Mahaweli reservoirs may not have been even built if the hydro power aspect was not there
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Hydropower Aspect contd.
Operations • Optimized use of stored water • Hydro-thermal coordination
– Use of software – Experience – Merit order dispatch – Use of historical hydrological data
– Water management secretariat coordination
• Efficiency improvements in hydro plants – Laxapana Complex
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IWRM in Power System Operation • Stake holder organizations
– Mahaweli Authority – Irrigation Department – Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) – National Water Supply & Drainage Board
• Water Management Secretariat (WMS) is the coordinating institutional arrangement.
• All above agencies represented. • CEB represented by System Control Centre – Dispatch Centre • Weekly meetings are held • Water requirement discussed and decided at these meetings • Priority basis
1. Drinking Water (town supply) 2. Irrigation 3. Power Supply
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Conclusion
• Water has multiple demands and hence sectoral demands are varying
• These demands are managed as IWRM thro the WMS in Sri Lanka • Water storage has to be planned carefully considering all sectors • Operational decisions have to be based on long term and macro
results for the best water security • Hydropower also plays an important role in achieving water
security for multipurpose use • In the Mahaweli basin too the hydro plants are operated by CEB in
such a manner that water security is ensured.
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