Contribution of Hydropower to Enhance Water Security

29th November 2013

S.H. Midigaspe Chief Engineer (Business & Operational Strategy)

Ceylon Electricity Board Sri Lanka

Content • Overview of the Country & Power Sector • Hydropower Contribution – Historic and

Current • Hydropower from Mahaweli Basin • Water Security Basis • Hydopower Aspects • Conclusion

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Overview of Country & Power Sector

• Installed capacity – 3,000 MW (approx) • Peak Demand – 2,163 MW (2011)

• Energy Generation – 11,801 GWh (2012)

• Capacity Mix – Hydro 45% Thermal 55% • Energy Mix – Hydro 29% Thermal 71% (2012)

• T&D Losses – 10.67% (2012)

• Electrification level – 94% (estimated) • Per capita elect. consumption – 515 kWh (2012)

• Per capita energy - 439 kg OE • Share of Elect. To total energy – 9.6% (2011)

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Share of Gross Primary Energy Supply by Source

Primary Energy Share

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

1976

1982

1988

1994

2000

2006

2012

NRE Major hydro Coal Petroleum Biomass

Energy Balance of Sri Lanka 2011

Power Sector - Capacity & Generation • Thermal

• Coal - 300 MW (CEB) • Oil Fired - 1,400 MW (CEB 570

MW) Total thermal - 1,700 MW

• Hydro -1,350 MW (CEB)

Total - 3,000 MW approx.

Capacity (Dispatchable)

NRE Mini hydro - 234 MW Wind - 74 MW Biomass – 11MW

319 MW (non dispatchable)

Variation of Demand

Ceylon Electricity Board 7

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

0:30

2:00

4:00

6:00

8:00

10:0

0

12:0

0

14:0

0

16:0

0

18:0

0

20:0

0

22:0

0

0:00

Dem

and

(MW

)

Time (GMT+05:30)

2001 2003

2005 2007

2006 2008

2009 2010

Hydro Thermal Historical Share

8

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

1976

1982

1988

1994

2000

2006

2012

GW

h

New Renewable Energy CEB Wind Thermal (Coal) Thermal (Oil) Major Hydro

Hydro Power Contribution Three hydro power complexes • Mahaweli River – 810 MW • Laxapana (Kelani River) - 335 MW • Other (Kalu / kukule & Walawe River) – 200 MW

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Energy Share of Each river basin

The Hydropower Related Rivers

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KehelgamuOya

CANYON P.S. 2 X 30 MW

WIMALASURENDRA P.S. 2 X 25 MW

OLD LAXAP. P.S. 50 MW

NEW LAXAP. P.S. 2X50 MW

POLPITIYA P.S. 2 X 37.5 MW

MoussakelleReservoir

Norton Pond

Canyon Pond

LaxapanaPond

MaskeliOya

CastlereaghReservoir

LAXAPANA HYDRO LAXAPANA HYDRO POWER COMPLEXPOWER COMPLEX

Mahaweli River Basin • Seven power stations • Five in the natural river route

– Upper Kotmale - 2X75 MW – Kotmale - 3X67 MW – Victoria - 3X70 MW – Randenigala - 2X60 MW – Rantembe - 2X25 MW

• Two in the diversion route – Ukuwela - 2X20MW – Bowatenna - 1X40MW

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Contd.

Mahaweli Hydro Power Complex

Tunnel to Ukuwela

KOTMALE P.S. 3 X 67 MW

VICTORIA P.S. 3 X 70 MW

Reservoir

Polgolla Barrage

Randenigala Reservoir

Rantambe Pond

RANTAMBE P.S. - 2 X 25 MW

RANDENIGALA P.S. - 2 X 62 MW

UKUWELA P.S. 2 X 20 MW

Victoria Reservoir

Bowathenna Pond

Kotmale Oya

Mahaweli Ganga

Tunnel to Ukuwela

KOTMALE P.S. 3 X 67 MW

VICTORIA P.S. 3 X 70 MW

Kotmale Reservoir

Polgolla Barrage

Randenigala Reservoir

Rantambe Pond

RANTAMBE P.S. - 2 X 25 MW

RANDENIGALA P.S. - 2 X 62 MW

UKUWELA P.S. 2 X 20 MW

Victoria Reservoir

Bowathenna Pond

Kotmale Oya

Mahaweli Ganga

Upper Kotmale Reservoir UPPER KOTMALE P.S.

2 X 75MW

Mahaweli Complex

Water Security Water Security Involves • Optimum harnessing of rainfall

– All available water should be harnessed to the best possible

• Storing excess for latter use – Reservoirs /ponds

• Optimized utilization of the stored water – Among sectors

• Irrigation /power/town supply

– Within sectors • Without waste / best coordination / highest efficiency

– For the best socio economic benefit of country • Total macro picture - not one sector

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Hydropower Aspect • Hydropower has both reservoir and run of the river types • Reservoir type more relevant and important for water security • Same for hydropower • During planning /feasibility of reservoirs / multipurpose schemes support

of hydropower sector assured • Large reservoirs involve heavy expenditure

– Large structures – Resettlement – Compensation

• Power sector relatively a more commercial operation compared to other sectors

• Hence the hydropower benefit makes an important contribution in feasibility as well as implementation

• Some Mahaweli reservoirs may not have been even built if the hydro power aspect was not there

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Hydropower Aspect contd.

Operations • Optimized use of stored water • Hydro-thermal coordination

– Use of software – Experience – Merit order dispatch – Use of historical hydrological data

– Water management secretariat coordination

• Efficiency improvements in hydro plants – Laxapana Complex

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IWRM in Power System Operation • Stake holder organizations

– Mahaweli Authority – Irrigation Department – Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) – National Water Supply & Drainage Board

• Water Management Secretariat (WMS) is the coordinating institutional arrangement.

• All above agencies represented. • CEB represented by System Control Centre – Dispatch Centre • Weekly meetings are held • Water requirement discussed and decided at these meetings • Priority basis

1. Drinking Water (town supply) 2. Irrigation 3. Power Supply

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Conclusion

• Water has multiple demands and hence sectoral demands are varying

• These demands are managed as IWRM thro the WMS in Sri Lanka • Water storage has to be planned carefully considering all sectors • Operational decisions have to be based on long term and macro

results for the best water security • Hydropower also plays an important role in achieving water

security for multipurpose use • In the Mahaweli basin too the hydro plants are operated by CEB in

such a manner that water security is ensured.

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