AGR 4501 Pasture Management1

AGR 4501PASTURE MANAGEMENT

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OBJECTIVES

At the end of the session you will be able to: Understand the importance of pastures in

ruminant production Identify the common sown pasture grasses

and legumes in Malaysia Identify common native grass species Establish and manage pastures for long term

production

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STATUS OF RUMINANT IN LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY OF MALAYSIA

Most backward compared to poultry and pigs Low self sufficiency levels 25% for beef, 9%

for mutton, 5% for dairy Dominated by small farmers Lack of feed resources

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PROSPECTS FOR RUMINANT INDUSTRY

High income – higher consumption of animal products (beef: 1990 – 3.5 kg; 2000 – 5.3 kg)

Vast areas of plantations (6 m ha) that can be integrated with ruminant production

Strong government support to reduce food importation

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Livestock statistics

livestock statistics

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Self sufficiency

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PASTURE DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA

Prior 1970’s animals grazed on native grasses except for Napier and Guinea

1972 – MARDI started work in introducing new pasture grasses and legumes

1972-73 – large farms established by MAJUTERNAK on model of temperate farms

1985 open pastures found to be high cost and low returns

1985-2000 – campaign to encourage plantation-livestock integration

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TYPES OF GRASSLANDS

Natural grasslands (24% of world’s vegetation)

Induced grasslands (result of man’s disturbance)

Sown grasslands Grasslands associated with plantations

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Natural grasslands

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Prairies

PampasVeld Savanna

Steppes

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Australian Savanna Grassland

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Australian Savanna Grassland

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Herding Hereford cattle in Australian extensive farm

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New Zealand Alpine Grasslands

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MONGOLIAN- Manchurian Grasslands - Steppes

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Sown grasslands

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New Zealand Dairy Pasture

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New Zealand dairy calves

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New Zealand Farm boy

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Traditional low-input systems

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Malaysian goats scavenging garbage

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Free grazing

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Malaysian KK cattle – roadside grazers

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Malaysian KK cattle on induced pastures

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Supplementing Induced pastures with fodder grasses

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Improved pastures in Malaysia

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Majuternak Dairy Farm, Padang Hijau, Kluang, 1978

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Majuternak Dairy Farm, Padang Hijau, Kluang, 1978

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Darabif Cattle Farm, Pahang Tenggara, 1978

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Darabif Farm pasture, on jungle fringes

forest

Forest regeneration

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ALFALFA (LUCERNE)

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ALFALFA

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Integration of livestock with crops

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Immature rubber with grass and legume undergrowth

legumes

grass

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Sheep grazing under mature rubber

Ferns largely uneaten

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Sown MARDI Digit grass beside oil palm estate (Guthrie)

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Sheep integrated with oil-palm plantation

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Cattle under coconut plantation - Philippines

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Cattle under coconuts - Philippines

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Young rubber with leguminous cover crops

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Mature canopy shades out light for grasses

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Sown grasses (Brachiaria humidicola) in interrows of traditionally planted rubber

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Double hedge-row planting system of rubber delays shading of pasture

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Using crop by products

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Cattle grazing on rice stubble and stover after harvest - Thailand

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Friesian cattle feeding on collected rice straw

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Brewer’s grain, byproduct of beer manufacture, being used for animal feed

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Poultry manure being used to increase protein in feedlot

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Feedlot cattle on crop byproducts

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Oil-palm frond (OPF) being chopped for easy feeding

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Cattle feeding on freshly chopped OPF

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Chopping corn stover for feed

AGR 4501 Pasture Management58Chopping OPF for making OPF dry pellets

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Mechanized collection and chopping of OPF

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OPF drying facility, MARDI

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Loading of baled padi straw

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Straw left after harvest

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