4501 4505.output

* GB784908 (A)

Description: GB784908 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements relating to manhole and gully tops

Description of GB784908 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICAT lON 784,908 Date of filing Complete Specification: Sept 26, 1955. Application Date: Feb 15, 1955. No 4446/55. Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 107, B. International Classification:-E 01 f. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements relating to Manhole and Gully Tops I, ARTHUR SPENCER, a British Subject, of 1167, Chorley 'Old Road, 'Bolton, Lancashire, do hereby declare the invention for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - When roads are being repaired or resurfaced, it frequently becomes necessary to raise the covers of manholes for sewers and public utility services, and of gullies for receiving surface water, to the new road level. To raise the tops of the gullies or manholes involves a considerable amount of labour and expense, and it is the object of this invention to provide a simple and inexpensive means whereby this can be avoided. According to this invention, I provide a ring adapted to rest in the seating for the gully or manhole cover, of sufficient height to raise a cover placed on it to the level of the new road surface, and a further ring or frame adapted to rest on the top of the gully box or manhole frame, of the same height as the first ring and having an external flange around its lower edge adapted to be embedded in the road surfacing material, the gully or manhole cover then resting on the first ring and being surrounded by the second ring. The rings may be rectangular to fit the usual gully boxes or

rectangular manhole frames, or circular to suit circular manhole frames. With this invention the gully boxes or manhole frames need not be disturbed when the road is resurfaced All that is necessary is to remove the cover, place the first ring on, its seating or supporting lugs and place the second ring in position ready for the road surfacing material to be laid around it. The accompanying drawing shows an arrangement in accordance with this invention, in perspective land partly broken away. There is a gully box 1 embedded in the lPrice 3 s 6 d l ground, having a seating 2 on which the cover 3 originally rested, the top edge 4 of the box 1 being flush with the original road surface When the road is to be resurfaced and its level raised, a ring 6 is placed in the gully box 1 to rest on the seating 2, of such height that when the cover 3 is placed on top of it, the upper surface of the cover 3 will be flush with the new road, surface This means that the upper part of the cover 3 projects above the top edge 4 of the gully box 1, and therefore a further ring or frame 7, of the same internal dimensions as the box 1, is placed on top of the box 1, its upper edge 8 being flush with the top of the cover 3 in its new position and with the new road surface The ring or frame 7 has an outwardly projecting flange 9, which rests on the original road surface 5 and is covered by the added surfacing material so that the ring 7 is thereby held firmly in position.

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* GB784909 (A)

Description: GB784909 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Dry shaver


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PATENT SPECIFICATION 7 ' -, Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Feb 24, 1955. D No 5539/55. / Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 131, M( 3: 5: 8: X). International Classification:-B 26 b. COMPLETE,SPECIF'I'CATION Dry Shaver I, WILLEM BAKKER, a Dutch Subject, of Couperusstraat 7, Arnhem, Holland, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:- The invention relates to a dry shaver comprising at least one rotated cutter element and at least one rotatable coaxial cutting plate against which the,cutter element is urged by spring action, the said; cutting plate being movable in axial direction> and a loclking nut for saidl cutter element and' cutting plate and aims at providing a shaver of this type which has a simple construction and, offers the possibility of cutting hairs quickly and thoroughly, This is achieved with the dry shaver accord. ing to the present invention in that the or each cutting plate is driven by its co-operating cutter element Due to the fact that the cutting plate is therefore mounted to permit free rotation, the hairs will be scraped as it were into the gaps of the cutting plate and thereafter clipped of when the shaver is moved along and the cutting plate is pressed against the skin The hairs which have entered the gaps produce, due to their resistance to bending combined with the friction of the cutting plate against the skin a force which brakes the cutting plate and may even cause it to stop.

The resistance of the hairs also offers the possibility of the or 'each cutting plate rotating contrary to the direction of rotation of the cutter element when the former is moved along the skin In this way a smoother and more rapid shaving is achieved than in the case of the known dry shavers because the hairs gliding into the gaps are in the most suitable position to be clipped off. Further, a limiting abutment may be provided which consists of a ring of material having a low friction and 'high resistance to wear, this ring being pressed into the locking nut screwed on the housing The material used for his limiting abutment may be for eample nylon (superpolyamide). As hairs may get between the limiting abutlPrice 3 s 6 d l 84,909 nment and the co-operating edge of the of each cutting plate and these hairs might 50 hamper the free movement of the cutting plate, it is preferred to provide an inner ring between the limiting abutment and the housing of the dry shaver This inner ring, which preferably consists also of a wear resistant low 55 friction material,, fits in the operative position of the cutter plate with a sealing edge against a rim of the cutter plate It is preferred in this case to provide the cutter plate with a chamfered portion providing a sharp 60 edge, This edge fits with a small clearance against a sharp edge of the inner ring so that the hairs being cut and arriving thereon have little or no chance to get into the gap between these two: sharp edged parts Any hairs which 65 have nevertheless got between said parts' are collected in collecting spaces provided in the ring. A further feature,of the invention is that the or each cutting plate may be provided with a 70 clearance so that it may adopt an oblique position relative to the axis of the apparatus Consequently the cutter plate may always assume the most favourable position with respect to the skin, which offers the maximum possi 75 bility of a large number of hairs entering the gaps of the cutting plate and of the hairs being clipped off as close as possible near the skin. In order to feed ithe hairs to the cutting 80 plate in a favourable direction, the locking nut screwed on, the housing may have its rim portion concave both at the outer side and at the inner side thereof, these two sides terminating in a small rounding preferably 85 with a slightly concave end face therebetween. Consequently the outer edge' of the locking nut deflects the hairs in a direction of the cutting plate edge When the hairs have passed the inner edge of the locking nut they may 90 stand up in a resilient manner so that they spring as it were into the gaps of the cutting plate When the inner edge of the locking nut is likewise concave, the result is that when sliding over the skin the latter is pressed by 95 this inner edge against the cutting plate so - CC, 45 G 3 d C i that

it will be pressed into the gaps of the cutting blade and the hairs on the skin, if they have not been cut, will be smoothly shaved off. The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig 1 is a longitudinal section of a portion of an embodiment of the dry shaver in the operative position. Fig 2 shows a longitudinal section of part of the front section of a dry shaver on an enlarged scale in the operative position. Fig, 3 shows a top plan view of a portion of the inner ring on an, enlarged scale. Fig 4 shows, on an enlarged scale, part of the inner ring in perspective. Fig 5 shows the front portion of a dry shaver with a single cutter element placed against the skin to be shaved. The dry shaver shown in the drawing comprises two cutting plates 1 and 5, provided in the known manner with slots 2, beneath which cutter elements 3 and 22 rotate. At the inner periphery of the cutting plate a limiting abutment 4 of wear resistant material is provided, said limiting abutment being of an annular shape and pressed into the cutting plate 5 At its outer periphery the cutting plate 5 has a collar 6 which is urged against a limiting abutment 7 of wear resistant material, said abutment 7 being of an annular shape and pressed into a locking nut 8 screwed on the housing 9 The limiting abutments 4 and 7 serve at the same time as guiding means for the cutting plates 1 and 5 which are axially movable in the head of the dry shaver In the space between the abutment 7 and the outer surface of the housing 9 of the dry shaver and an edge of the cutter plate 5 as well as between the abutment 4 of the cutter plate 5 and an edge of the cutter plate 1 detachable inner rings 10 and 11 of wear resistant material are provided which serve to collect the clipped-off hairs if these should get between the bearing surfaces of the cutting plates These inner rings, which are so constructed, that they may be manufactured in an injection mould, are provided with recesses 13 arranged between obliquely constructed erect parts 12, these spaces collecting any hairs on the bearing surfaces of the cutting plates so that they may be removed from time to time when the apparatus is cleaned. The inner rings 10 and: 11 have a sharp edge 14 and 15 respectively with an adjacent recess 16 and 117 respectively Adjacent this edge 14, 15 there is a chamfered edge 18 and 19 respectively of the cutting plate 5 and 1 respectively Consequently hairs getting on these edges will not easily penetrate between the inner ring and the cutting plates. A shaft 20 driven by a motor (not shown) has a driver 21 with two

driving arms engaging in slots 23 in the cutter element 22 and driving said cutter element The cutter element 3 is likewise driven by the shaft 20 which for this purpose is provided with flat faces 24 The shaft 20 is yieldably mounted and 70 projects through an opening 25 in the cutter head housing 9 The cutter element 3 is mounted with clearance on the end of the shaft and is urged by a spring 27 against the cutting plate The cutter element 22, which 75 is biassed by a spring 26, is arranged with clearance around the spring 27 so that these two cutter elements may rock and are adapted to adjust themselves freely on the cutting plates The shaft 20 is, moreover, coupled to 80 the motor in a flexible manner. As may be seen from the drawing,the shaft has threaded portions 28 and 29 respectively on which nuts 30 and 31 respectively are threaded against 'which the ends of the 85 springs 27 and 26 abut The spring tension of these springs may be adjusted with the nuts 30 and 31 so that the pressure of the cutter elements against the cutting plates separately may be adjusted as effectively as 90 possible. The above-mentioned parts are arranged in a cutting chamber 32 provided with a cvlindrical slide 33 with one or more openings for removing the clipped-off hairs This slide 95 33 comprises a lip 34 by means of which the slide 33 may be rotated and the or each opening may be brought face to face with an opening provided in the cutter wall. During operation the cutting plates 1 and 100 are pressed against the skin and their yieldable mounting permits them to adjust themselves against the skin due to the clearance between the inner rings 10 and 11 and the abutments 7 and 4 respectively 105 For the purpose of keeping hairs out of the shaft bearings in the cutter head blades 35 are provided. For detaching the inner rings in order to remove any hairs collected therein it is neces 110 sary to remove the locking nut 8 This permits the inner ring 10 to be removed The inner ring 11 may be removed after the locking ring 36 has been released The locking ring 36 has spaced fins which interlock with 115 spaced lugs provided on the cutting plate 5 and by slightly turning it so that its fins pass into and out through the spaces between the lugs of the cutting plate, the locking ring may be released 120 It may be seen from Figures 1 and 2 that the locking nut t presents at its outer side a concave shape and at its inner side a convex shape, its outer surface terminating in a small rounding 37 in such a way that no cutting 125 edge is formed Due to this embodiment of the locking nut the small rounding 37 may easily catch below the hairs having an oblique position relative to the skin When the shaver is moved the hairs are raised and bent in 130 78459 o 9 element and cutting plate, characterised in that the or each cutting plate is driren by its co 50 operating cutter element.

2 A dry shaver according to claim 1, characterised in the provision of a limiting abutment consisting of a ring of low friction and wear resistant material which is pressed 55 into the locking nut screwed on the housing of the shaver and in the case of two cutting plates, the provision of a second limiting abutment pressed into the outermost cutting plate. 3 A dry shaver according to claim 1 or 2, 60 characterised in that an inner ring of wear resistant material is provided between the limiting abutment and, the dry shaver housing. 4 A dry shaver according to claim 3, characterized in that the inner ring has its 65 upper edge co-opearating with the cutting plate and that the inner ring has a sharp edge formed by a recess. A dry shaver according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the inner ring is pro 70 vidled with recesses. C 6 A dry shaver according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the or each cutting plate is provided with a chamfered portion providing a sharp edge 75 7 A dry shaver according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the or each, cutting plate is provided with a clearance so that it can adopt an oblique position relative to the axis of the shaver 80 8 A dry shaver according to any one of the preceding claims, characterisedi in that the locking nut is screwed on the housing and has a rim portion of which the inner side and the outer side thereof are concave, these sides ter 85 minating in a small rounding so that no cutting edge is formed. 9 A dry shaver according to claim 8, characterised in that an end face, disposed between said small roundings of the rim por 90 tion of the locking nut, has a concave shape with a large radius of curvature. A dry shaver constructed substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings 95 MARKS & CLERK. the opposite direction whereafter they get inside the locking nut and are released by this locking nut, The hairs then spring upwards into the slots of, the cutting plate 5 whereupon they are clipped off by the cutter elements. This embodiment of the 'locking nut 8 offers the advantage that the shaver may be moved quickly along the skin as the hairs are then clipped off before they 'have returned to their initial position or even before they have assumed their fully erect position. Fig 5 shows a portion of a dry shaver with a single cutter element and a single cutting plate, in which the rim portion of the locking nut 38 is concave both at the outer side 39 and at the inner side 40 These two sides terminate in a small rounding between which an end face 41 of the locking nut has a slightly concaved shape so that no cutting edge is formed When this shaver is moved in the direction of the arrow

42 along the skin 43, the outer edge 44 of the locking nut will catch under the hairs of the skin and will turn them down As soon as the inner edge 45 of the locking nut releases the hairs these will spring upwards in the direction of the arrow 46 and will be clipped off by the cutter element 47. When sliding over the skin the inner edge portion of the locking nut lying diametrically opposite the afore-mentioned' edge portion will press the skin which has left the cutting plate 48 against the said cutting plate, as shown with reference numeral 49, so that any unclipped hairs or portions thereof will be shaved off close to the skin. It is dclear that the invention is not restricted to the embodiment described above by way of example but that it is possible to make several modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.


* GB784910 (A)

Description: GB784910 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Curtain suspension device


PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor: WILLIAM ERNEST COOPER Date of filing Complete Specification: March 1, 1956. Application Date: March 10, 1955. No 6995/55. \/ Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 52 ( 5), D 3 D 3.

International Classification:-A 47 h. COM'PLETE SPECIFICATION Curtain Suspension Device We, C C COMPONENTS LIMITED, of 53 Alcester Road:South, Kings Heath, 'Birmagham, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a Patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention, relates to curtain suspension devices of the kind comprising a wire member of substantially U-shape having inltumrned extremities forming trunnions on which are mounted respectively a pair of rollers for engagement with tracks formed upon, a rail. The object of the invention is to provide in a device of this kind means for ensuring the freer and more silent movement of the device upon the tracks. The invention consists of a curtain suspension device of the kind specified in which each roller comprises the combination of an inner metal sleeve surrounding a trunnion and having outwardly flared ends, a nylon or other outer annular part surrounding the sleeve and having a recess in one face, and a plurality 'of anti-friction balls between the sleeve and the outer part, said balls being located in the recess in the outer part by a flared end of the sleeve. In the accompanying drawings Figures 1 and 2 are end and side elevations respectively of an example of a device in accordance with the invention engaged with a rail, whilst Figure 3 is a section through one of the rollers. In the drawings a wire member 4 of substantially U-shape has its extremines bent inwardly to form a pair of trunnions on each of which is mounted, one of a pair of rollers 5, adapted to engage tracks '6 formed by flanges of a rail 7 which may 'be of inverted T section, or of shallow H section mounted upon its side, Each roller 5 comprises an inner metal sleeve 8 surrounding the trunnion, and an outer annular part 9 of nylon or other plastic or other material The ends of the sleeve 8 are flared, the one end being flared,to a greater extent than the other Also the face of the outer pant 9 is recessed at the side adjacent the end of the sleeve which is flared to a greater extent so as to provide an, annular space for the annular row of anti-friction balls 10, these balls being held within the recess by means of this flared end of the sleeve The opposite flared end of the sleeve is also located in a smaller recess at the opposite side of the outer part to prevent relative axial movement of the sleeve and outer part. Conveniently the sleeve,8 is freely mounted upon the trunnion but alternatively it could be secured thereon, since the anti-friction balls provide for the free rotation of the outer part 9 relative to the sleeve 8.

Where as is preferred the outer part 9 is formed of nylon or other plastic, the device is more silent in use than normal devices of the kind specified.


* GB784911 (A)

Description: GB784911 (A) ? 1957-10-16

A process for washing or bleaching polyamide fibres



BE536668 (A) CH333466 (A) DE945443 (C) FR1094713 (A) NL112268 (C) US2909404 (A) CH339688 (A) DE1020433 (B) DE1025376 (B) DE976170 (C) FR1121229 (A) NL112774 (C) NL295923 (A) US3153565 (A) BE536668 (A) CH333466 (A) DE945443 (C) FR1094713 (A) NL112268 (C) US2909404 (A) CH339688 (A) DE1020433 (B) DE1025376 (B) DE976170 (C) FR1121229 (A) NL112774 (C) NL295923 (A) US3153565 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip



AMENDED SPECIFICATION Reprinted as amended in accordance with the decision of the Superintending Examiner acting for the Comptroller-General, dated the twentieth day of March, 1958, under Section 29, of the Patents Act, 1949. PATENT SPECIFICATION 784,911 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: March 18, 1955. No 7993155. Application made in Germany on March 20, 1954. Application made in Germany on Nov 13, 1954. Application made in Germany on Dec 11, 1954. Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 15 ( 2), AI(A 1 83: A 1 B 5: A 1 86: A 3: C 4). International Classification:-D 061. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION A Proces's' for Washing or Bleaching Polyamide Fibres, We, DEUTSCHE GOLD-UND SILBER-SCHEIDEANSTALT vermnals Roessler, of 9, Weissfrauenstrasse, Frankfurt, Main, 1, Germany, a Body Corporate organised under the Laws of Germany, do' hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which, it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to a process for washing or bleaching polyamide fibres. It is known that polyamide fibres are strongly attacked when treated in washing and bleaching baths containing per-compounds, so, that appreciable losses in strength occur The decrease in strength of the polyamide fibres, for example, of the fibrous polymers of 6-caprolactam, may amount to, up to 40 to, %, of dte original strength if the action of the per-compound containing washing and bleaching baths is carried out at relatively high temperatures over a relatively long period, which is often necessary, fur example, in the treatment of mixed fibrousi materials containing polyamide for the purpose of producing, an adqcuate bleaching effect, or if, as is necessary when using detergents containing per-compounds, the treatment of the articles containing polyamide has to be repeated at intervals of time when the articles become soiled The same damage to the fibres occurs even if the per-compound-containing bleaching and washing bathsl are stabilised in, the conventional manner with magnesium silicate or phosphates or other additives which moderate the spontaneous evolution of oxygen.

It has already been found that a certain quantity of acids of a certain type with a flocculating and dehydrating action, or the salts thereof, are capable of obviating or at least lPrice 3 s 6 d l substantially reducing the above-described damage tot the fibres if they are added tot the per-compound-containing treatment baths intended for bleaching or washing polyamide fibres or mixed fibres containing polyamide. It has now been found that it is possible to produce a substantial protective action on fibres, spun yarn's, woven and knitted fabrics containimng synthetic polyamides, or articles manufactured therefrom, if necessary together with other fibrous materials during bleaching with per-compounds The per-compounds referred to' herein include hydrogen peroxide, sodiumi peroxide, other alkali or alkaline-earth metal peroxides, persulphuric acid or its salts, perboric acid or its salts, percarzbonic acid or its salt, perphosphoric acid or its salts, or similar compounds which form hydrogen peroxide, in acid medium According to the invention, the washing or bleaching of the fibrous materials with per-compounds is carried out in the presence of organic compounds which contain at least one N-atom which is linked to' at least one H-atom, or with oxidation, pro ducts of such organic compounds. Primary or secondary amines have proved to be: suitable for this purpose The oxidation products of such amines, for example, oximes or hydroxanmic acids, may also be successfully employed Instead of using the free amines, it is also, possible to use their salts with inorganic or organic acids. Another group, of excellent protective agents are o-chloroaniline or p-chloroaniline or an N-mono subsmtituted derivative thereof 2,4or 2,5-dichloroaniline or an aromatically Nmono substituted derivative thereof. Excellent results are produced if the protective agents used are organimc compounds, more especially amines or iheir salts, which 784,911 contain at least twol juxtaposed or non-juxtaposed N-atoms, of which at least one carries at least one H-atom Compounds of this type are, for example, methylene diamine or its derivatives or salts, such as mathylene dianiline or methylene ditoluidine, or their salts. Guanidine compounds, more especially N,Nl-diphenyl guanidine, are; also adapted to be used successfully as protective agents. Another class of protective agents for use according to the invention are urea derivatives, more especially those urea derivatives which are substituted by aromatic radicals, for example, N-hydroxy-NL-phenyl urea. Finally it has been found that phenyl biguanide is also a very good protective agent in accordance with the invention.

In order to illustrate the type of compound which may be employed, the following formula are given of compounds which are effective as such or as substitution in the process of the invention: 1 No carbon atoms between two nitrogen atoms: Benztriazine A ACH/ 2 One carbon atom between two nitrogen atoms: Methylene diamnine derivatives: Methylene dianiline CQH-NH-CH,-NH-C-,H, and Methylene-di-p-toluidine H 3 C-CH 4-,NH-CH -NH-CH 4 CH 3 Benzimidazole H Guanidine Derivative: N,N'-diphenyl guanidine EN C -_ I Nfi 6 '6 Et N -_ C I I TON 3 Up to nine carbon atoms or rings and hetero atoms between two nitrogen atoms: Ethylene diamine H N-CH CH 2-NH 2 N-marboxyethylene diamine H 2 N-CH 2-CH, -NH-COOH Piperazine: M 2 CH k -E /11 N,NI-dimethyl-p-phenylene diamine: H 3 C fl H -I NH CH 3 p-aininobenzene sulphonamide H 12 N C Yj 502 NH 2 Hexamethylene diamin H 2 N-CH 2-CH 2-CH CH 2 C-GH 2-CH-NH 2. s 15 Biguanide derivative: N-phenyl-biguanide Ni C NH 2 1 2 784,911 Ben Zidine derivatives: N,N'-diphenyl benzidine Dimethyl-4,4 '-diamine-diphenyl methane The chemical characteristic of the structure of all the compounds listed above is that they have at least two amino groups which may be directly connected to one anrother or separated from one another by one or more carbon atoms, rings or hetero atoms Benzene rings present as substituents or as hetero-group's improve the protective effect It is preferred, however, to use compounds containing more than one amino group since the practical value of aromatic mono-amines is restricted by the fact that a large number of such substances, in the presence of peroxides, are converted to more or less coloured oxidation products which naturally spoil the bleaching and cleaning of polyamide On the other hand, such compounds which are inhibited against this oxidation reaction by a large number of substituents, for example, o-chloroaniline or pchloroaniline, or 2,4 or 2,5-dichloroaniline or N-mono substituted derivatives thereof, are suitable as protective agents for use according to the invention. Therefore, while the action of benzene rings is to improve thoe effect and methyl groups do not reduce the effect, the protective effect of the compounds mentioned here is reduced by groups containing oxygen For example, p-aminoc-benzene sulphamide, which is mentioned above, has a smaller protective effect than pphenylene diamine However, the presence of suchl a group need not preE 3 C N i)C -0 v C Hl, H H clude the use of such compounds as protective agent for polyamides Thus, for example, the amine oxidation products formed by the action of peroxides, oximesi and hydroxamic acids on these protective agents (B 35, 4293 ( 1902); B 34, 2262 ( 1901); Gazz chim it 52, 107 ( 1922);

Houben-Weyl; "Methoden der Organischen Chemie" (Oxygen compounds, Vol 8), Page 689, Georg Thieme-Veflag, 1952), can still be used as protective agents. Oxaldihydoxamic acid Ho\ / 2 ION which is derived from ethylene diamine Hl N-CH,-CH, NHI is also, operative as a protective agent. In oader to explain the influence of the substitution and the conversion by oxidation of the amino groups, we have for comparison purposes set out side by side the protective values of analogously formed compoiunds in a hydrogen peroxide bleaching bath and compared them with a similar bleaching without protective agent The bleaching baths iused were those which contained per litre: 4.8 Gm of active oxygen in the form of commercially available 35 % hydrogen peroxide. 0.1 Gm of magnesium sulphate 1.0 Gin of commercially available water glass cnventonal stabilisers and strands of fibrous e-caprolactaml polymer were treated for 4 hours at 60 C and with a bath ratio of 1:50 This strong bleaching treatment produced a 481 % lowering of the original tensimle strength of the, e-caprolaictams polymer when the bath did not contain any protective agent The protective agents added in the individual experiments produce a graduated& reduction of the loss, according to, the efficacy of the groups. 784,911 Bleaching bath 1 The aforementioned bleaching bath without addition of protective agent 2 The aforementioned bleaching bath with addition of 0 6 gm = 0 01 mrel of ethylene diamine per litre H 2 N-CH-CIH 2-NH 2 3 The aforementioned bleaching bath with addition of 1 2 gmin = 0 01 rol of oxaldihydroxamic per litre EO\ /0 HON \NIOH _cl XI O It 4 The aforementioned bleaching bath with addition of 1.4 gm = 0 01 rmoal of diacetylethylene diamine per litre CH,-CO NH CH, C H -NH-CO-CH, The aforementioned bleaching bath with addition, of 2 4 gmin = 0 01 mol of ethylene bis(oxamic) acid per litre HOOC OC-HN-CH, C Ho-NH-CO-COOH The compounds referred to develop their protective effect in the bleaching bath in the presence of peroxides by preventing the attack of the active oxygen on the polyamide fibres As stated above, such bleaching baths contain active oxygen up to a maximum amount of 0 3 m Ol o T Tl:22, = O 3 gram atoms of active oxygen per litre of bleaching liquid. The protective agents described herein are added in amounts of 0 01 to 0 05 mol per litre However, individual agents, such as for example, N-phenyl biguanide, are effective even in 1/10th of this concentration When used according to instructions, per-compound detergents yield maximum concentrations of 0.25 gmn = 0 016 gram atoms of active oxygen per litre In this case,,0 001 to 0 005 mol of the said protective agents per litre of bleaching bath is sufficient, while once again individual products provide complete protection of the fibres when

used with 1/10th of this concentration They may also be used by being incorporated by mixing with washing powders to provide per-compound detergent mixtures which in practice do not reduce the tensile strength of polyamide fibres, even when the treatment is repeated several times The bleaching and washing baths may in the usual manner contain stabilisers (water glass, magnesium salts or phosphates) and also means for adjusting the p H value and surface-active substances A second method of use consists in the products being applied in aqueous or alcoholic solution to the polyamide fibres and then dried The strength of textiles made of polyamide fibres and treated in this manner is scarcely reduced, even after repeated peroxide treatment in a bleaching or washing bath; the peroxide baths then do not contain Reduction of tensile strength 48 % 4.8 % 7.9 % 25.7 % 33.1," any protective agent. Finally, the products may also be used by incorporating them in the spinning solution of the e-caprelactam polymer prior to the fibres being produced. The following examples relate to the use of the process describzd herein in connection with the preliminary treatment of polyamnide fibres and in bleaching and washing baths containing hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. In all cases, it is also possible to employ suspensions of these protective agents, where the solubility of the products is inadequate. In the following examples the tensile strength of thread or yam is expressed in Rkmn, namely the length in kilometres of thread or yarn which would just break under its own weight when freely suspended. 1 Example of preliminary treatment with protective agent for immunising polyamide fibres against action by peroxide. Fabric, comprising fibrous polymers of e-caprolactam, was initially treated for 15 minutes at 100 C with a 10 ' aqueous solution of N-phenyl biguanide The material was then rinsed three times under running water and thereafter subjected to five treatments with a per-compound-containing detergent at 95 C, the operation being carried out with the following washing bath per litre of liquid: 5.7 gmi of soda soap, 1.5 gin of soda, 0.75 gin of pyrophosphate, 0.75 g of tripolyphosphate, 0.6 gin of perborate, 0.7 gin of water glass. 784,911 Strength: pretreated fabric Rkum Rkm untreated treated loss After the 1st treatment 46 0 43 2 6 1 % ,, 2nd, 46 0 42 8 7 0 % ,, 3rd,, 46 0 39 2 14 8 % Strength: untreated fabric Rkr Rkm untreated treated loss After the 1st treatment 44 0 29 0 34 % >,,,, 2nd,, 44 0 17 4 60 % ,, 3rd,, 44 0 13 O 70 % With a single initial treatment of the polyamide fibres with the fibre-protecting agent N-phenyl biguanide prior to the treatment with

per-compoound-containing detergent, the result obtained is that the strength loss is about 6 1 % and remains, at about 14 8 % even when the bleaching operation is repeated five timnes, whereas the loss under the severe test conditions described herein is 34 % even after a single treatmnent and 70 % when the treatment isi repeated five times As shown by the tests, the protective agents described are retained by the surface of the fibres There is thus obtained a far-reaching immunisation of the polyamide fibres against the action of peroxide. It is shown by the table that the resistance of the fabric to, per-compound, has become five times greater as a result of the pretreatment. 2 Examples for the use of protective substance in the bleaching and washing bath. A stranded material comprising fibrous polymers of e-caprolactam with a titre of 60 deniers was treated in the bath ratio of 1: 50 with occasional manipulation, for two hours at a temperature of 60 C in a bath which contained: 4.8 gin per litre of active oxygen in the form of hydrogen peroxide ( 0 3 mol), 0.1 ginm crystalline magnesium sulphate, 1.0 cc per litre of commercially available water glass, 38 Be. 1.72 gin per litre of piperazine ( 0 02 mol), whereby a good bleaching effect was produced The p H value of this treatment bath was 9 5. The tensile strength of the polyamide yarnm, which in the untreated condition was 40 2 Rkm, was lowered to 37 0 Rkm by the bleaching treatment, which corresponds to a strength loss of 8 0 % If piperazine is, absent fromnl a bath of otherwise the same composition, the strength loss of the polyamide fibres is 38,%. After completiorn of the bleaching operation, the content of active oxygen in the bath amounted to, 3 8 gmn per litre. 3 A knitted fabric manufactured from polyamide yarn with a titre of 60 deniers was bleached for four hours at a temperature of C on a winch beck with the bath ratio 1:60 in a bath which contained: 4.8 gm per litre of active oxygen in the form of hydrogen peroxide. 0.1 gin per litre of magnesium sulphate, 1.0 cc per litre of comcially available water glass 38 B 6, 3.4 gm per litre of p-aminobenzene sulphonamide. The p-H value of the bleaching bath was 9 1. The strength of the polyamide yarn was lowered from an initial value of 43 1 Rkml to 42.0 Rkm, which corresponds to a loss of only 2 O %. After completion of the bleaching process, the content of active oxygen in the bath was still 4 0 gin per litre. 4 Piece goods woven in weft and warp from poiyamide yarn were treated on a dip T ping frame with the bath ratio 1:150 at a temperature of 60 C in a bleaching bath of the following composition,:

2.4 Gm per litre of active oxygen in the form of hydrogen peroxide, 1.0 gmi per litre of magnesium sulphate, 1.0 cc per litre of water glass with a content of 25 0 % Si O,, 1.5 gmin L per litre of ethylene diamine oxalate, 0.2 gin per litre of sodium hydroxide. I The p H value of this bleaching bath was 9.2 The tensile strength of the warpi fabric was reduced after two hours, from 43 5 to 40.1 Rkm, which corresponds to a strength loss of 7 8 %. The active oxygen content of the bleaching 6 78; 1 bath was still 2 0 gm, per litre at the end of the bleaching process. A mixed fabric, which was woven with a warp of 60 denier polyarmide yarn and a weft of 100 denier viscose rayon was treated at a temperature of 600 C with manipulation in loose form, at a bath, ratio of 1:40, for two hours in a bleaching bath of the following composition: 4.8 gin of active oxygen in the form of hydrogen peroxide, 0.1 gnm ofc magnesium sulphate, 1.0 cc of commercially available water glass 38 Be, 1.0 cc of N-carboxyethylene diamine. per litre. A very good bleaching effect was produced in this way The p H of the bleaching bath was 9 1 The tensile strength of the polyamide warp material was reduced by the bleaching treatment fromn initially 44 2 Rl-m. to 42 2 Rkm Ths strength loss was thus 4.5 %. The content of active oxygen in the bleaching bath fell in the course of the bleaching operation from initially 4 8 to 4 2 gin per litre. 6 Articles which consisted of polyainde yarn in the weft and warp were washed with a bath ratio of 1: 50 with a solution of 10 gn. per litre of a commercially available detergent at 60 C for 4 and 8 hours with light movement of the articles O 04 Gnm of N-carbamic acid salt of ethylene diamine were added as fibre-protecting agent tol the bath. The detergent had the following composition per litre: 2.5 gm of sodium p rborate, 4.5 gm of soap powder, 2.5 gmin of 4.5 gin of 0.2 gm of 1.2 girn of 0.5 gm of 1.1 gin of phosphate, 0.2 gin of amine. 0.2 gm of dry water glass, 1.2 gmn of sodium carbonate, 0.5 gin of sodium bicarbonate, 1.1 gin of neutral sodium pyrophosphate. The tensile strength of the yarns was lowered from 46 0 Rkmn to 44 28 Rkin after 4 hours and to 43 47 Rkm after 8 hours The strength loss was 3 7, after 4 hours and 4.8 % after 8 hours. A fabric, comprising fibrous polymers of e-caprolactam, washed by way of comparison with the same bath at the same temperature and period of treatment, but omitting the fibre-protecting ag:nt, showed a strength loss of 210 L after 4 hours and 36 1 ' after 8 hours.

7 A fabric in which both the warp and weft consists of polyamide yarn (fibrous ecaprolactam, polymer) was washed for two hours at 90 C in a washing bath of the following composition: sodium perborate, soap powder, water glass, calcined soda, sodium bicarbonate, neutral sodium pyroN,NW diphenylethylene diThe tensile strength of the fabric was reduced by this treatment from 45 0 to 43 11 Rkm, which corresponds to a strength loss of 4 2 % On the other hand, the strength loss of the polyamide fabric was 30 7 % in a cornparison test in which the additive consisting of N,N'-diphenylethylene diamine was omitted but which in other respects was carried out under the same conditions. 8 Strandedmaterialconsisting of synthetic polyamide yarn was treated at a temperature of 90 C in a washing and bleaching bath with a bath ratio of 1:50 with occasional movement of the material, the said bath containing, per litre of tap, water, 10 gin of a "self-acting" detergent of the following composition: parts by weight of sodium perborate, 45 parts by weight of soap powder, per litre. 6 parts by weight of powdered water glass, 13 parts by weight of secondary sodium phosphate, 11 parts by weight of neutral sodium pyrophosphate (calcined) parts by weight of N,N 1-diphenyl guanidine. The polyamide yarn was finally rinsed in running water and dried. The tensile strength of the polyamide yarn was reduced by this treatment from 45 0 Rkm to 41 31 Rkmn, which corresponds to a strength loss of 8 2 %. With a comparative test carried out under the same conditions, but omitting the N,NIdiphenyl guanidine, a deterioration of the tensile strength of the polyamide yarn by 32.0,% was found. 784,911 78,1 7 9 Synthetic polyamide yamn in hank form C with occasional movement, in a bleaching and with a bath ratio, of 1:50 was bleached bath of the following composition: for four hours at a temperature of about 600 4.8 gmi of active oxygen in the form of hydrgen peroxide, per 0.1 gcn of magnesium sulphate, litre. 1.0 cc of water glass ( 38 Be). The bleaching bath contained 2 1 gin per litre of N,N-diphenyl guanidine as fibre-protecting agentin the form of a suspension, the acid N,NM-diphenyl guanidine, owing to I its low solubility, being only partly dissolved in the bath, and being for the major part dispersed in said bath The breakling length of the untreated polyamide yarnm was, 45 0 km, which was shortened to, 41 5 kmn in the bleaching process The latter therefore resulted in a deterioration in strength by 7 81 % of the initial strength If the N,NI-diphenyl guanidine is omitted in a comparison test carried out under otherwise the same

conditions, it is found that the deterioration in strength is 48 3 % as compared with the initial strength. A fabric consisting of polyamide yarn is treated in the bath ratio of 1:12 with a washing bath containing p'erborate and prepared by 10 gin of the following washing powder mixture being dissolved per litre of tap, water: parts by weight of sodiumi per3,0 borate, parts by weight of soap) powder, 6 parts by weight powdered water glass, 13 partsl by weight of secondary sodium phosphate, '11 parts by weight of neutral sodium pyrophlsphate, 1 part by weight of N-phenyl biguanide. The breaking length of the polyaride yarn, which was 45 1 kmli before the treatment, was not appreciably reduced after being treated for two hours at 95 C When using a perborate washing bath of a similar composition, but without the addition of N-phenyl biguanide, however, there was a strength loss of 331 % after treatment had been carried out for twoi hours. 11 Fabric having a warp, and weft both consisting of 60 denier yarn, comprising fibrous polymers of e-caprolactam, was washed for two' hours at 90 C in a washing solution which contained peroxide and to which 0 3 ginm of benzaldoxime was added as prdotective agent per litre of the solution. The tensile strength of the fabric dropped after this treatment from 45 5 Rkm to 43 83 Rkm, thls corresponding to, a strength -loss of 3.7 %. The bath had the following composition per litre: 1.0 gin of sodium perborate, 5.0 gin of soap) flalkes, 0.2 ginm of dry water glass, 1.5 gin of calcined soda, 0.7 ginm of sordium bicarbonate, 1.6 gin of sodium pyrophosphate, 0.3 grn of a-benzaldoxinie. 12 Stranded material comprising fibrous polymers of e-caprolactam was treated in a bath for two, hours: at a temerature just below boiling point, the mlaterial being moved occasionally The bath had the following composition: 2.5 gin of sodiumi perborate, 4.5 ginm of soap powder, 0.2 gmi of dry water glass, 1.2 gin, of calcined soda, 0.5 gin of sodium bicarbonate, 1.1 gm of neutral sodium pyrophosphate, 0.5 gin of propionyl hydroxamic acid, per litre. After being washed by boiling, the strength had dropped fromi' 45 0 to, 43 02 Rkm, this being -a strength loss of 4 31 %, while the strength loss, was 31 7 % 'in a comparative test in which, no propionic hydroxamic acid was added. 13 A length of underwear material, comprising fibrous polymers of e-caprelactam, was subjected to, a bleaching treatment for four hours at a temperature of 60 C in a bath containing hydrogen peroxide.

The bath had the following composition: 4.8 gml /litre of active oxygen in the form of hydrogen peroxide ( 0 3 mol), 0.1 gin of crystallised magnesium sulphate, 1.0 cc of commercially available water glass, 1.4 ginm of benzhydroxamnic acid ( 0 01 moll). The strength of the material, which was 45.5 Rkm, prior to the treatment, was reduced to 44 10 Rkmn after thel bleaching, this corresponding to a reduction of 3 1 %. 784,911 14 A hank of knitting yam, comprising fibrous polymers of e-caprolactam, with the metric number 17 1/3 was treated for two hours at a temperature of 90 C in a bath containing: 2.0 ginm of sodium perborate, 0.1 ginm of crystallised magnesium sulphate, 1.0 cc of commercially available water glass, 5.0 gmn of soap flakes, 0.5 gm of succinic dialdehyde dioxime. After the treatment, it was established that the reduction in strength was from 29 65 to 27 12 Rknm, this corresponding to a loss of 8.6 %. A hank of yarn, comprising fibrous polymers cf e-caprolactamin and having a titre of 60 deniers was washed for two hours at a temperature of about 95 C in a bath containing per litre: 1.0 gn of sodium perborate, 5.0 gin of soap; flakes, 0.2 gmn of dry water glass, 1 5 gmin, of calcined soda, 0.7 gin L of sodium bicarbonate, 1.6 gin of sodium pyrophosphate, 0.5 ginm of cyclohexanone oxime. The strength of the yarnm was lowered from an initial value of 43 Rkm to 39 15 Rkm, this corresponding to a strength loss of 9 O 'o. 16 A length of material consisting of 60 denier warp and weft threads, comprising fibrous polymers of e-caprolactam, was subjected to a washing treatment for two hours at 90 C The washing bath had the following composition: 1.0 gin of sodium perborate, 5.0 gn L of soap, flakes, 0 2 gm of dry water glass, 1.5 gin of calcined soda, 0.7 gin of sodium bicarbonate, 1.6 gi of sodium pyrophosphate, 0.5 gmi of succinic diamide dioxime. The tensile strength of the weft material was reduced from 45 0 Rkm to 41 49 Rkm, this corresponding to a reduction in strength of 7.8 %. 17 Yarn, comprising fibrous polymers of e-caprolactam, in the bath ratio of 1:60 was washed for two hours at a temperature of 90 C in a washing bath containing, per litre, 10 gm,, of a commercially available "autolmatic" washing powder composed of the following constituents: 9.0 % of sodium perborate, 50.0 % of soap powder, 22.0 % of neutral sodium pyrophosphate, 16 O % of sodium carbonate, 3.0 % of soda-water glass. The p H value of this washing bath was 10 1. At the commencement of the washing operation, the bath had a peroxide

content of 0 09 gin, per litre, which was reduced in the course of two hours to 0 03 gim per litre The breaking strength of the polyamide yarn was 44 0 Rkm prior to the washing operation Under the influence of the washing treatment, it was reduced to 29 7 Rkm, which corresponds to the strength loss of 32 0 %. On the other hand, if the same polyamide yarn is washed under the same conditions in a washing bath containing, per litre, 10 3 grim of a washing powder containing peroxide and having the following composition: 9.0 parts of sodium perborate, 50.0 parts of soap powder, 22.0 parts of neutral sodium pyrophosphate, 16.0 parts of sodium carbonate, 3.0 parts of soda-water glass, 3.0 parts of 2,4-dichloroaniline, the tensile srrengm of this polyamide yarn is reduced from 44 0 Rkm to 42 1 Rkm, this corresponding to a strength loss of 6 6 %. Owing to the use of the fibre-protecting agent according to the invention, the reduction in strength of the polyamide yarn due to the influence of the peroxide is only about one fifth of that which occurs when no fibre-protecting agents are present 18 Stranded material consisting of synthetic polyamide yarn was treated in the bath ratio of about 1: 50 with occasional movement at a temperature of 90 C in a washing and bleaching bath containing, per litre of tap water, 10 gin of an "automatic" detergent of the following composition: 25.0 parts by weight of sodium perborate, 45.0 parts by weight of soap powder, 6.0 parts by weight of powdered water glass, 13.0 parts by weight of secondary 105 sodium phosphate, 11.0 parts by weight of calcined neutral sodium pyrophosphate, 5.0 parts by weight of NNdiphenyl guanidine 110The polyamide yarn was finally rinsed in running water and dried. The tensile strength of the polyamide yam was reduced by this treatment from 45 O Rkm to 41 31 Rkm this corresponding to a 115 drop in strength of 8 2 '. In a comparative test carried out under the sam conditions, but with the N,NL-diphenyl guanidine omitted, it was established that the tensile strength of the polyamide yam deteri 120 orated by 32 0 %. 19 Synthetic polyanmide yarn in hank form was bleached for four hours at a temperature of about 60 C with occasional movemnent, in a bleaching bath of the following composiion: 125 4.8 gm, /litre of active oxygen in the form, of hydrogen peroxide, 0.1 gni /litre of magnesium sulphate, 1.0 cc /litre of soda-water glass ( 38 B 6), the bath ratio being 1:50 130 a 784,911 strength value. Examples of the use of another series of substances, which are outstanding as protective agents against the action of peroxide on polyamide fibres, are reproduced in the two tables below. The first table relates to four bleaching treatments in the presence

of different protective agents in the bleaching bath with 4 8 gin. of active oxygen at 60 C, and over a period of four hours, the strengths of the polyamide fibres being given in Rkm, prior to, and after the treatment, and their difference also being given as a percentage loss In, each case; slight strength losses have occurred, but these are far smaller than the loss which, in the same bleaching bath without protective agent, is 381 %; the, protective agent employed is indicated in table 1. As protective agent for the fibres, the bleaching bath contained, in the form of a suspension, 2 1 gmi/litre of N,NL-diphenyl guanidine, which was only partially dissolved in the bleaching bath, owing to; its low solubility, the said N,l-diphenyl guanidine being for the major part dispersed in said bath. Upon completion of the bleaching process, the bleached material was rinsed with water in the usual way and dried The breaking length of the untreated polyamide yarn was 45 0 Rkm', this being reduced during the bleaching procress to, 41 5 Rkm, The bleaching process had therefore resulted in a deterioration of the strength by 7 81 % of the initial strength. However, if the N,N'-diphenyl guranidine is not added in a comparative test carried out under otherwise the same conditions, the strength is lowered by 48 3 % of the initial Ist TABLE: p H value of the bleaching bath Hydrogen peroxide ( 4.8 gm/litre of active oxygen), 1 cc of water glass, 0.1 gin of magnesium sulphate, 0.1 gin of sodium hydroxide, 2.4 gin of benztriazide ( 0.02 mol). Hydrogen peroxide ( 4.8 gm/litre of active oxygen) 1.5 cc of water glass, 0.1 gin of magnesium sulphate, 2.4 gm of benzimidazole ( 0.02 mol). 8.8 9.0 Rkm of Rkm of Strength loss untreated treated in % of the fibrous o-capro fibrous e-capro initial lactam polym r lactam polymer strength 46.3 46.0 45.0 45.06 2.8 % 2.0 % Hydrogen peroxide ( 4.8 gm/litre of active oxygen), 1 cc of water glass, 0.1 gin of magnesium sulphate, 2.7 gin of N,Nl-dimethylp-phenylene diamine ( 0.02 mol). Hydrogen peroxide ( 4.8 gm/litre of active oxygen), 1 cc of water glass, 0.1 gin of magnesium sulphate, 2.4 gin, of 1,6-hexa methylene diamine ( 0.02 mol). 309.2 10.0 48.0 46.0 47.97 38 97 0 % 15.2 % 784,91 i The second table relates to five different detergent treatments with active oxygen in the form of perborate. The bath composition is the same, except for the protective agent being actually employed: 10 gm of the following washing powder mixture were used per litre: 5.7 igm. 1.5 gm,.

0 75 gmn. 0.75 gin. 0.6 gni. 0.7 gin. 10.0 gin. of soda soap,of calcined soda, of sodium pyrophosphate, of tripolyphosphate, of sodium perborate, of dry water glass. per litre of bath liquid. Added to this mixture were certain amounts of protective agent The washing baths were brought within an hour to a temperature of 900 C and then maintained at this temperature for one hour The "Rkm: untreated" in the table indicates the initial strength of the material, and "Rkmn treated" represents the tensile strength, after the material has been treated for two hours in the perborate washing bath having the above composition The strength losses were between O 5 % and l Q% with all washing treatments using protective agents, while a comparative test with the same washing bath but without a protective agent showed a strength loss of 33 20 o. 2nd TABLE Rkm of untreated fibrous e-caprolactam polymer Rk of Strength loss treated in % of the fibrous e-capro initial lactam polymer strength Gm washing powder per litre, about 0.1 gin of dimnetiyl 4,41-diamino-diplhenyl methaone Gm of washing powder per litre, about 0.4 gin of dimethyl4,41-diamina-diplhenyl methane Gm of washing powder per litre about 0.3 gin of methylene di-p-toaluidine gin of washing powder per litre, about 0.3 gin of inethylene dianiline gin of washing powder per litre, about 0.3 gin of,Nldipkenyl benzidine Specification No 746,046 describes and claims a) process for treating materials which are susceptible to ultra-violet rays or responsive to, optical brightening, wherein the material is treated with a colourless or almost colourless compound which exhibits in solution or when applied to a substratum a greenblue to violet fluorescence in ultra-violet light or in daylight and contains one or more 1: 3: 4-ox-diazole rings. We make no claim herein to anything claimed in the said Specification. We declare that, subject to the foregoing disclaimer, what we clam is:1 A process for washing or bleaching fibres, spun yarns, woven and knitted fabrics containing synthetic polyamides, or articles made therefrom, if desired together with other fibrous materials, with per-compounds, wherein the treatment is carried out in the presence of an organic nitrogen compound which contains at least one N-atom which is linked to at least one H-atom, or with an oxidation product of such an organic nitrogen compound. 2 A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the washing or bleaching is

effected with a detergent or bleaching agent or bleaching p H value of the bleaching bath 10:2: 45.0 10.2 40.59 45.27 45.5 10.2 10.2 10.2 45.0 45.0 45.5 40.86 40.50 41.32 9.2 '> O " 9.2 % O 784,911 1-0 16 A process as claimed in claimn 12, wherein the organic nitrogen compound is a urea derivative. 17 A process as claimed in claim 16, where 55 in the organic nitrogen compound is a urea derivative which is substituted by an aromatic radical. 18 A process as claimed in claim 10, wherein the organic nitrogen compound is, N 60 hydroxy-N 1-phenyl urea. 19 A process; as claimed in claim 10, wherein the organic nitrogen compound is phenyl biguanide. A process, for washing or bleaching 65 fibres, spun yarns, woven and knitted fabrics containing synthetic polyamides, or articles made therefrom, if desired together with other fibrous materials, with per-compounds substantially as described with reference to any 70 one of the Examples. 21 Fibres, spun yarns, woven and knitted fabrics containing synthetic polyamides, or articles made therefrom, if desired together with other fibrous materials, whenever washed 75 or bleached with per-compounds, by the process claimed in any of the preceding claims. 22 A process for washing or bleaching fibres, spun yarns, woven and knitted fabrics conraining synthetic polyamides, or articles 80 made therefrora, if desired together with other fibrous materials, to, increase their resistance to attack by per-compounds, which comprises treating said fibrous materials with an organic nitrogen compound as defined in claim 1 or 85 in any 9 f claims 5 to 19. 23 A process for washing or bleaching fibres, spun yarns, woven and knitted fabrics containing synthetic polyamides, or articles made therefroml, if desired together with other 90 fibrous materials, to increase their resistance to attack by per-compounds, which comprises incorporating in said fibrous materials during their manufacture an organic nitrogen coinpound as defined in claim 1 or in any of 95 claims 5-19. ELKINGTON & FIFE, Consulting Chemists and Chartered Patent Agents, Bank Chambers, 329 High Holborn, London, W C 1, Agents for the Applicants. bath to which the organic nitiogeni compound, has been added. 3 A process; as claimed in claim 1, where" in the fibres or the articles manufactured therefrom are initially treated with the organic nitrogen compound prior to washing or bleaching with a per-compound. 4 A process as claimed in claim 3, wherein the organic nitrogen compounds are incorporated in the fibres, during their manufacture and the fibres or articles manufactured therefrom are substantially washed

or bleached. A process as claimed inj claim 1, wherein the organic nitrogen compound is a primrary or secondary amine or oxidation product thereof. 6 A process as claimed in claim 5, wherein the organic nitrogen compound is an oxime or hydroxamic acid. 7 A process as claimed in claim 5, wherein the organic nitrogen compound is an aromatic primary or secondary amino, comn pound. 8 A process as claimed in claim 7, wherein the organic nitrogen compound is o-chloroeaniline or p-chloroaniline or N-mano-substituted derivative thereof. 9 A process as claimed in; claim 7, wherein the organic nitrogen compound is 2:4 or 2:5-dichloroaniline or an aromatically N-mono substituted derivative thereof. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic nitrogen compound has at least two juxtaposed or non-juxtaposed N-atoms, of which at least one carries an H-atom. 11 A process as claimed in claim 10, wherein the organic nitrogen compound is methylene diamine or a derivative or salt thereof. 12 A process; as claimed in claim 11, wherein the organic nitrogen compound is methylene diamine or a derivative or salt thereof. 13 A process as claimed in claim 12, wherein the organic nitrogen compound is methylene dianiline or methylene ditoluidine or a salt thereof. 14 A process as claimed in claim 12, wherein the organic nitrogen compound is a guanidine compound. A process as claimed in; claim 10, wherein the organic nitrogen compound is N,Nldiphenyl guanidine. Leamington Spa: Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office, by the Courier Press -1958. Published at The Patent Office, 25, Southampton Buildings, London, W C 2, from which copies may be obtained. 754,91 i


* GB784912 (A)

Description: GB784912 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in or relating to electrical plug terminals



BE536775 (A) CH336106 (A) DE1014620 (B) FR1121249 (A) US2903670 (A) BE536775 (A) CH336106 (A) DE1014620 (B) FR1121249 (A) US2903670 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip



PATENT SPECIFICATION 76 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: March 22, 1955. No 8305155. Application made in United States of America on March 24, 1954. Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 38 ( 1), E 3 (A 1: A 2: A 6 C: B 7: C 6 C: D 2), E 22 A. International Classification:-H 02 f. COM O PLETE S'PECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Electrical Plug Terminals We, AMP INCORPORATED, formerly known, as Aircraft-Mlarine Products Inc, a corporation organised and existing under the laws of the State of New Jersey, United States of America, of Eisenhower Boulevard, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America, formerly of 2100 'Paxton Street, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention,, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it

is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to electrical plug terminais of the snap-in lock type. In the conventional type of snap-in lock plug terminals, a metallic pin coantact element, usually formed by machining or casting is secured to the end of a lead conductor and inserted and retained in a plug receiving receptacle by means of a wire spring detent and cooperating recess arrangement 'Commonly, the recess takes the form of an annular groove on the pin element with the detent being a wire spring mounted in the sidewalls of the receptacle, although the reverse arrangement wherein the spring detent consists of a wire insert within the contact pin is also utilized. In either case the inclusion of a wire spring in the plug contact assembly has several disadvantages, among these being that the wire detent is particularly subject to distortion through accidental mishandling or abuse, or through acquisition of a permanent set due ito cont inued use Obviously, setting of the spring from its original character would impair or perhaps destroy its effectiveness to hold the plug terminal in place. Plug terminals in the conventional form are generally restricted to uninsulated metallic construction which obvlously requires that the plug receptacle be of electrical insulating material even though a metallic structure may be preferred as where strength as a design factor In addition, the conventional plug terminal has the further disadvantage of not being wholly insertable in the receptacle, the l}, exposed portion including the point at which the lead conductor is affixed to the terminal. In order to protect the plug terminal from short-circuiting and from breakage at the point of connection, it has been the practice in many instances to provide for the assembly some form of separate covering, usually being eithei a separate covering element placed over the assembly after connection, or a molded insulation surrounding the exposed portion of the plug terminal, which adds to the difliculty and expense of manufacture. According to the invention there is provided an electrical plug terminal for insertion in a plug-receiving receptacle having detent means therein, said terminal comprising a conact member, a long thin generally cylindrical annular surrounding sleeve of tough flexible insulating material slipped over and longitudinally locked upon said member, an annuiar groove on said sleeve adjacent one end for co-operating with the detent means to retain he terminal in the receptacle, said sleeve in ithe region adjacent said groove being spatially disposed relative to said contact member across a small

annular gap whereby said groove can be squeezed into and out of cooperation with the detent means for removably securing the terminal in the receptacle. In a preferred embodiment the forward end of the resilient sleeve is inclined to provide a ramp adapted to be engaged by the detent upon insertion of the terminal into the receptacle, the ramp being arranged yieldably to obstruct movement of the recess into co-operaitive relationship with the detent. In order that the invention may be more clearly understood reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings which show one specific embodiment thereof by way of example 'and in which: Figure 1 is a fragmentary view in cross section 'of a typical form of plug receptacle for the purpose of illustrating the manner in' which the plug terminal may be mounted tierein;' Figure 2 is a fragmentary plan view of the 4,9 12 plug receptacle; and Figure 3 is a view in cross section of the plug terminal. In order to illustrate the objectives of the present invention it will be described in connection with one particular form the cooperating plug and receptacle may take It is to be understood, however, that the invention may be adapted cto other forms of plugs and receptacles according to the applications and purposes for which the plug assembly is designed Referring to Figure 1, generally designated at 1 is a plug receptacle in which a plug terminal, generally designated at 3, is inserted and thereby retained in electrical conoact with a cooperating contact element, not shown, that may be an integral part of receptacle 1 or external thereto, the form of such contact element being immaterial from the point of view of the present invention While the contact portion of plug terminal 3 may take any convenient formn, for purposes of illustration, however, plug 3 ' includes a pin contact nose 5 extending beyond the rear side of receptacle 1 whereby to engage with an external contact element Receptacle 1 may be of any suitable material, either electrical conducting or non-conducting, and typically is provided with a plug receiving aperture 2 into which projects a keeper or detent 4 that serves to retain plug terminal 3 in the receptacle in a manner to be described Detent 4, in the embodiment disclosed, is simply formed by providing a lip on the rear face of the receptacle which extends over a small segment of aperture 2 as shown in Figure 2. In the preferred embodiment of ithe invendion plug 3 generally includes a pin contact body 6 of any suitable conducting material, which is mounted in a sleeve 8 of insulating material, such as nylon or eother suitable plastic material having sufficient resilience and flexibility It is contemplated that insulating sleeve 8 should substantially enclose pin contact body; 6 whereby upon insertion into

the aperture 2 the engagement areas of receptacle 1 and plug 3 will be between sleeve 8 and the side walls of aperture 2, the conductive contact body 6 being fully insulated from receptacle 1 Contact body 6, however, may be of sufficient length, as at pin 5, to project from the insetion, end of sleeve 8 a sufficient distance to provide an external contact surface for the plug. While sleeve:8 may be directly molded over contact body 6, it is preferred that the elements be separately formed to facilitate automatic manufacture, sleeve 8 being separately molded and contact body 16 being stamped from sheet metal stock and rolled into tubular form;as shown in Figure 3 To maintain the elements assembled a shank section 10 of contact body 6 is enlarged in diameter to provide a shoulder 11 which cooperates vwith an annular stop shoulder 12 within sleeve 8 and serve to limit the insertion of contact body 6 within the sleeve Enlarged shank section 10 is provided with 'a flared end 14 which, by virtue of having a larger diameter than an internal annular bead 15 in the end of sleeve 8, snaps 70 into a cooperating groove 16, after distending the end of sleeve 8 at bead 15, concomitant with shoulder 11 abutting shoulder 12 Bead 15, after contractioif behind flared end 14, serves to retain contact body 6 within sleeve S 75 A stop shoulder 17 formed by enlarging the end section 18 of sleeve 8 defines the limnit of insertion of the plug into aperture 2 by engaging the face of receptacle 1 The plug is retained in the receptacle by means of an annu 80 lar groove 20 in the insertion end of the sleeve 8, groove 20 providing a recess for seating detent 4 coincident with shoulder 17 engaging the face of receptacle 1 It is contemplated, of course, that detent 4 shall extend 85 sufficiently far into aperture 2 so as to prevent free passage of ithe plug therethrough. Hence, to permit groove 20 to be moved into cooperative relationship with detent 4, 'the forward end of sleeve 8 is relieved from contact 90 body 6, as by enlarging at 21 the inner diameter 'thereof, whereby as the plug is inserted into the receptacle, sleeve 8 may yield under pressure from detent 4 After detent 4 seats in groove 20, 'the forward end of sleeve 8 95 maps back into its original shape thereby to maintain the plug in position. The forward edge of sleeve 8 S may be inclined to form a ramp or camming surface 22 to guide more efficiently detent 4 to groove 100 20. As best shown in Figure 3, the plug 3 constitutes the terminal of an electrical lead 23 which may be secured to contact body 6 by any suitable means It is preferred, however, 105 that the diameters of the insula ted portion 24 and the stripped portion 25 of lead 23 be substantially the same as the diameters of enlarged shank 10 and nose

5, respectively, of contact body 6 which may thus be suitably 110 crimped or swaged to lead 23, as by indentations 26, within that portion of plug 3 which is received in receptacle 1 As thus connected, when the plug is mounted in the receptacle the points at which contact body 6 are secured 115 to lead 23 are within the body of the receptacle, and hence, are fully protected from external shock. It will be evident that improved means are provided whereby the failure of a plug of the 120 snap-in type due to setting or distortion of the snap member is minimized Moreover, it is to be noted that even should the yieldable forward end of sleeve 8 become slightly distorted, no impairment of the locking function 125 thereof results since the forward end of sleeve 8, including ramp 22, is forced to conform to the desired shape in order to reenter aperture 2 during withdrawal of he plug from the receptacle 130 784,9,12 and longitudinally locked upon said member, 65 an annular groove on said sleeve adjacent one end for co-operating with the detent means o retain the terminal in,,the receptacle, said sleeve in the region adjacent said groove being spatially disposed relative to said contact mem 70 ber across a small annular gap whereby said groove can be squeezed into and out of cooperation with the detent means for removably securing the 'terminal in the receptacle.


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