AGR 3002 ANIMAL AGRICULTURE 1 Pasture Utilization.

AGR 3002 ANIMAL AGRICULTUREAGR 3002 ANIMAL AGRICULTURE 11

Pasture UtilizationPasture Utilization


Establishment

choices Continuous GrazingCut and Carry

Rotational Grazing

3-6 months


Cut & CarryCut & Carry

Animals are confined in pensAnimals are confined in pens Forage is cut and brought to animalsForage is cut and brought to animals Practiced in Feedlots and Dairy Practiced in Feedlots and Dairy

AnimalsAnimals Forage is usually choppedForage is usually chopped Animals cannot choose nutritious Animals cannot choose nutritious

portionsportions Feeding time is determined by Feeding time is determined by

producerproducer


Napier grown for cut and carry in Napier grown for cut and carry in dairy farmdairy farm


Forage chopped before feeding


Cut and carry feeding for dairy cowsCut and carry feeding for dairy cows


CUT AND CARRY FEEDING FOR YOUNG CALVES


Continuous grazingContinuous grazing

Animals are confined to one paddockAnimals are confined to one paddock Area is fenced and a water source is Area is fenced and a water source is

suppliedsupplied Animals can select their feed Animals can select their feed

especially at the beginningespecially at the beginning Producer has less work compared to Producer has less work compared to

other systems other systems


CONTINUOUS GRAZING


Rotational GrazingRotational Grazing

Paddock is divided into 4 to 6 plotsPaddock is divided into 4 to 6 plots Animals are confined within one plot Animals are confined within one plot

and then shifted weekly to other and then shifted weekly to other plotsplots

Animals return to original plot after 3 Animals return to original plot after 3 to 5 weeks depending on number of to 5 weeks depending on number of plotsplots

Allows pasture to have a rest periodAllows pasture to have a rest period


Rotational GrazingRotational Grazing

1 2

3

45

6


Rotational grazing in oil palm Rotational grazing in oil palm plantationplantation


Using electric fencingUsing electric fencing


Cut-and-carry vs grazingCut-and-carry vs grazing

Animals cannot Animals cannot select feedselect feed

No return of waste No return of waste to pastureto pasture

Labour intensiveLabour intensive Animals use less Animals use less

energyenergy Animals protected Animals protected

from weatherfrom weather

Animals can select Animals can select feedfeed

Wastes returned to Wastes returned to pasturepasture

Low labour Low labour requirementrequirement

High energy use by High energy use by animalsanimals

Animals exposed to Animals exposed to weatherweather


Difference in quality between Difference in quality between grazed and cut & carrygrazed and cut & carry

GrazedGrazed Cut & carryCut & carry

Protein 17.1%Protein 17.1% Protein 7.4%Protein 7.4%

Napier Grass


Some experimental comparisonsSome experimental comparisons

Grazing Setaria Grazing Setaria splendida. Milk splendida. Milk yield yield 10.2 kg/day10.2 kg/day

Cut and carry Cut and carry Guinea and Guinea and Napier. Milk yield Napier. Milk yield 8.2 kg/day8.2 kg/day

Sahiwal Friesian dairy cattle (Soetrisno et al. 1984)


Wong et al. 1987Wong et al. 1987

Rotational grazing. Rotational grazing. Milk yield Milk yield 5.7 5.7 kg/daykg/day

Cut and carry. Milk Cut and carry. Milk yield yield 4.8 kg/day4.8 kg/day


Hutagalung & Mahyuddin 1983Hutagalung & Mahyuddin 1983

Kedah-Kelantan Kedah-Kelantan cattle grazing cattle grazing Setaria. Average Setaria. Average daily gain daily gain 159 159 g/dayg/day

Cut and carry. Cut and carry. Average daily gain Average daily gain 12 g/day12 g/day


Cut and Carry is recommended Cut and Carry is recommended whenwhen

Animals have been recently Animals have been recently introduced and are not adapted to introduced and are not adapted to the climatethe climate

Sick or young animalsSick or young animals Limited area for grazingLimited area for grazing Grazing area is wet and easily Grazing area is wet and easily

damageddamaged During floodsDuring floods Feedlot Feedlot


Feedlot cattle – needs cut and Feedlot cattle – needs cut and carry systemcarry system


Feedlot camelsFeedlot camels


Comparison between Continuous & Comparison between Continuous & Rotational GrazingRotational Grazing

ContinuousContinuous Lower cost for fencing Lower cost for fencing

and water pointsand water points Less labour Less labour Animals can select Animals can select

feed, pastures feed, pastures unevenly usedunevenly used

Pastures do not have Pastures do not have a rest perioda rest period

Animals more Animals more susceptible to susceptible to parasitesparasites

RotationalRotational Higher cost for fencing Higher cost for fencing

and water pointsand water points More labourMore labour Less selection of feed, Less selection of feed,

pastures more uniformpastures more uniform Pastures have a rest Pastures have a rest

period, good for period, good for legumeslegumes

Animals less Animals less susceptible to susceptible to parasitesparasites


Other types of grazingOther types of grazing

Free grazingFree grazing– Animals are left on unused open lands, Animals are left on unused open lands,

including road sides; low inputincluding road sides; low input TetherTether

– Animals are tethered to a tree to limit its area Animals are tethered to a tree to limit its area of grazingof grazing

Strip grazingStrip grazing– Animals can only graze a strip of land and they Animals can only graze a strip of land and they

are moved daily using electric fencing; mainly are moved daily using electric fencing; mainly dairydairy


Strip grazingStrip grazing


TetheringTethering

AGR 3002 ANIMAL AGRICULTURE 1 Pasture Utilization.

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