Mir Mustafizur RahmanPrivate Secretary to Mayor

Dhaka City CorporationBangladesh

June 2, 2011Sao Paulo

Population :

» Estimated population 150 million.Area : » Total: 144,000 sq km.

» Land: 133,910 sq km.» Water: 10,090 sq km.

GDP Growth rate : 6.21% (2007-08)Population Growth rate : 2.02%Rainfall : Lowest 47" and highest 136".Education : Literacy 62.49%

Location : Latitude from 20 degree 34' to 26 degree 38' north. Longitude from 88 degree 01' to 92 degree 41' east.

Boundary : Bounded by India from the north, east and west, Myanmar (Burma) from the south-east and the Bay of Bengal from the south.

Climate : Tropical; cool, dry winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); cool, rainy monsoon (June to October).

Chokbazar in 1908

Dhaka in 1800

Dhaka in 2011

Dhaka was established as capital during Mogol period in 1608. Till 1717, Dhaka was capital of Bangla, Bihar & Urissha. In 1905, Dhaka became capital of East Bengal & Asam. In 1947 Dhaka became the provincial capital of East Pakistan. In 1971, Dhaka became capital of Bangladesh.East Bengal and

Asam 1905

Population of Dhaka is about 12 millionArea of Dhaka City Corporation 360 sq. km.Total Building 3,26,000 nos.Total Road 6,200 nos.Annual population growth rate : about 6% .

Disaster Characteristic in Bangladesh : Flood, Cyclone, Wind storm, droughts, Earthquake, Landslide, River erosion, Tsunami, Salinity, Water lodging, epidemic etc.

Hazards of Bangladesh

Tornado

Flood

Land Slide

Cattle death by Cyclone

Hazards of Bangladesh (Cont.)

Sundarban mangrove forest after Cyclone

Bangladesh -Earthquake Risk

Fire in Slum

6 story building collapsed- died 21, 25/02/2006

collapsed nine-story garment factory near Dhaka April 12, 2005. 73 bodies in the ruins of the nine-storey building. Around 100 people were rescued alive.

26 February, 2007, fire in a 11 storied building, died 2Shakhari Bazar-June 2004, died 19

Begun Bari- 1 June 2010, died 25

Feb. 2, 2006. thousands of people homeless

November 21, 2008, Begunbari slum.December 15, 2007, slum – south of Dhaka

13 march. 2009, fire in a high rise commercial building, died 5 June 3, 2010, Nimtoli, Dhaka, died 123.

(In Million)

DCC conducted six day workshop on "Disaster management in Dhaka city”, 120 (One HundredTwenty) ward commissioners, 40 representatives from different NGOs, 10 imams of differentmosque, 20 officials of Fire Services Civil Defense and 20 other peoples attended.Dhaka City Corporation in association with Disaster Management Bureau arranged a day-longtraining workshop on “search and rescue of earthquake disaster” for the word commissioners,DCC Officials, journalists and volunteers.DCC take active role in the “Mock Exercise” at Dupkhola Play Ground, organised by DisasterManagement Bureau.DCC took part in a Rally organised by Comprehensive Disaster Management Program (CDMP) tomake awareness on Earth Quake among the city dwellers.DCC has taken part in Marine Air Ground Task Force Technical Warfare Simulation (MTWS)Command Post Exercise (CPX) “Exercise Durjoge Durnibar 2008”.DCC identified more than 500 risky buildings in Socio-economic survey.“Disaster Management Volunteer Group” in every ward is under process.Imposed “National Building Code” for construction every building.GIS based contingency plan, vulnerable assessment & rescue plan.Workshop on “Use of Earthquake Risk Maps and Validation of Scenario BasedEarthquake Contingency Plan for Dhaka City” help on 24/08/09 at Nagar BhabanAuditorium.Workshop on “Climate Change & Disaster Management” was held in Zone-1 office,DCC on 12/03/2010.

“Technical survey for identification of vulnerable and risky 113 buildings in heritage

and non-heritage areas of Dhaka City”

GENERAL STATISTICS: (Number of Buildings=113 nos.)

Shakhari Bazar

Biren Bosh Street

Relation between Day and Night Stay by People in Building

Shakhari Bazar

Biren Bosh Street

APPARENT QUALITY OF BUILDINGS

N=95

N=18

Correlation plot Building Age and Structural Type

Shakhari Bazar

Biren Bosh Street

Risk Group VS. No. of Storey

CONTENTS:

TOR of the projectOut come of the vulnerability analysis and structural assessmentMethodology of structural assessmentDifferent Levels of SurveyStructural AssessmentRetrofitting and renovation decision making

1. Rapid Visual Screening – (RVS) FEMA154, FEMA155

2. FEMA 310 – Detailed structural Analysis

3. IITK- GSDMA ‘3 Tier’ vulnerability assessment Checklist

4. Turkish Vulnerability assessment methodology

5. Rapid Screening of Masonry building – Prof. Arya

6. Old Masonry Building Indexes – J. Rouqe

Other Ref and standards-1. BNBC 2006 Seismic Code2. Indian Standard Seismic Code, IS-18933. ASTM Material Testing

Available Methodologies for structural assessment

LEVEL 1 & 2 SURVEY

RAPID VISUAL SCREENING SCORE

IITK-GSDMA(FEMA 310 )CHECKLIST

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

1. COLLECTION OF APPROPRIATE SAMPLE FROM SITES

2. MATERIAL STRENGTH DETEMINATION

3. LITERATURE SURVEY4. NON DESTRUCTIVE

STRENGTH DETERMINATION

LEVEL 3 SURVEY

STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY CHECKS

DECISION& SCENARIO

DEVELOPMENT

DEFECT AND EXTENT OF DAMAGE

DETERMINATION

REPORT

DESIGN OF THE ASSESSMENT

Rapid Visual Screening of

Masonry Structures-Prof. Arya

FIELD SURVEY

Engineering Survey work

Structural Crack in URM building

Diaphragm Discontinuity (Courtyard)

Cracks in infill wall

Cracks in Structural Units of URM

Pounding

Pounding Possibility

Deterioration of Masonry Units

Narrow Stair Case

Nonstructural Vulnerable components

Crack in Arch type lintel

Vulnerable supports on ground floor

Settlement of inclined brick foundation

FORCE BALANCE IN FOUNDATION

Damage to stair way entrance

TEMPORARY RETROFITTING WITH BAMBOO

CORNER SEPERATION

Crack in arch lintel

Poor condition of Electrical system

Side view of the tiles floor contruction

Floor Construction style

RISK GROUP:

Seismic ZoneBuilding

Importance

Existing Damage

Vulnerability Factor

Structural Strength

CONSTANT

RISK GROUP

VERY LOW RISK

LOW RISK

MODERATE RISK

HIGH RISK

VERY HIGH

• Water bodies, Water hydrant

• Emergency Responses

• Fire Service

• Rescue activities

• Disaster supply kits

• Medical services

• Evacuation center (Temporary Shelter)

• Water & Food Delivery

• Temporary housing

• Recovery Plan (Infrastructure & Housing Reconstruction, Urban Planning, Economic Vitalization, Life Recovery)

• Land Readjustment

• Community participation

• Safety precautions, Awareness, School Level Education

General Recommendations

Removal of the extended portion on oldstructures and restraining the owner fromfurther construction on old structuresRetrofitting of the failed masonry archesSupporting Heavy Overhang with ColumnsPrepare Action Plan for City CorporationDisaster Management Committee (CCDMC)where Mayor is the Chairperson of theCommittee.

Conclusion

Earthquake can’t predict and can’t prevent. By managing we can minimize our loses. Pre-earthquake phase, preparedness, mitigation and prevention are concepts to work on. Post-disaster, immediate rescue and relief measures including temporary sheltering soon after an earthquake until about 3 months later and re-construction and re-habilitation measures for a period of about six months to three years need to follow.

To summarize, the most effective measures of risk reduction are pre-disaster mitigation, preparedness and preventive measures to reduce vulnerability and expeditious, effective rescue and relief actions immediately after the occurrence of the earthquake.

It is not the earthquake rather it is the building that kills people.Disaster preparedness for Safer Communities -

Safer Communities for Sustainable Development

Experts say that 72 thousand buildings will be distorted if earthquake occurs with rector scale 6.6 or 7 in Dhaka. 70 thousand people will die if it happens at night. 800 educational institutes will be collapsed.