- 1.
- Formed the bedrock of medieval European culture.
- Great power and authority as a religious force and political
institution.
2.
- 1022 founded the College of Cardinals as the sole body
responsible for the election of the Pope.
3.
- Excommunication- exclusion from the sacraments
- Interdict the excommunication of the entire city or state used
to dissuade secular rulers from opposing papal policy
4.
- In 1233 pope established the Inquisition.
- A special court designed to stamp out heresy.
5.
- Theybrought to trial individuals whom local townspeople
denounced as heretics.
- Physical torture might be used to obtain a confession.
6.
- If they failed they might impose exile or excommunication
- or turned over to the state to be hanged or burned at the
stake.
7.
- Enforcing periods of no war.
- Assumed moral and financial responsibility forthe poor, the
sick, and the homeless.
- Organized hosp itals, refugees andorphanages.
8.
- A set of sacred acts that impart grace. (the free and unearned
favor of God)
- Since only church officials could administer the sacraments,
the clergy held a monopoly on personal salvation.
Raphael,Disputation over the Sacrament , 1509-1511. Fresco, 26'
x 18'. 9.
- Not until the 16 thcentury would European Westacknowledge a
clear separation.
10.
- Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179)
- Landmark treatiseScivias.
- She recounts ecstatic visions filled with vivid images that
came to her in a voice from Heaven.
11.
- All world religions have produced mystics
- Individuals inspired to reveal truths that lie beyond human
understanding
Dancing Dervishes, from a manuscript of the Diwan (Book of
Poems) of Hafiz, Herat School, Persia, ca. 1490. Colors and gilt on
paper, 11 3/4 x 7 3/8 in. 12.
- Roman Catholic Churchs worldliness inspired movements of reform
devoted to reviving the early Christian ideals of poverty ,
chastity , and humility.
- He came to be known as a missionary to all of Gods
creatures
Giotto, Legend of St Francis: Sermon to the Birds, 1297-99
13.
- The rise of towns in a period following the first Crusade
(1095) was one of the landmark developments ofthis time.
14.
- Mystery Play-biblical history
- Morality Play-struggle of good and evil
-
- Everyman (death has come to take everyman)
- Miracle Play-the life of Christ
A favorite stage device for the Mystery Play,was the hells mouth
15.
- Florentine poet Dante Alighien (1265-1321)
- An adventure packed journey through the realm of the dead.
- Every aspect of Dantes Commedia caries symbolic meaning.
16. Domenico di Michelino (14171491),Dante and His Poem , 1465.
Fresco, 10 ft. 6 in. x 9 ft. 7 in. 17.
- With grim moral logic, the sinners are each assigned to one of
the nine rings in hell.
18. 19.
- Education shifted from monastic and parish settings to
cathedral schools located in the new urban centers of western
Europe.
20.
- Remains of saints and martyrs brought increased mobility and
economic revitalization
21.
- This life-sized reliquary held the cranium of the child martyr
and favorite local saint of Conques.
- On feast days, the image, sheathed in thin sheets of gold and
semiprecious stones, was carried through the streets in sacred
procession.
Reliquary statue of Sainte Foy, Conques,late 10th-11th century.
Gold and gemstonesover a wooden core, 33 1/2" high. 22. Romanesque
and Gothic Sites in Western Europe, ca. 1000-1300 23.
- A uniform system of stone vaults in the upper zones of the nave
and side aisles.
- Floor plans followed the Latin Cross design
24. St. Sernin, Toulouse 1080-1121 25. Romanesque -Aerial view
of Sainte-Foy, Conques, Auvergne, France. c. 1050-1120. 26.
Vezelay, exterior tympanum (Mission of the Apostles) Sculpture used
to teach religion to people since most could not read. This type of
sculpture is called architectonic since it is part of the
architecture. 27.
- Gothic Art is the style of art produced in Northern Europe from
the middle ages up until the beginning of the Renaissance.
Typically rooted in religious devotion, it is especially known for
the distinctive arched design of its churches, its stained glass,
and its illuminated manuscripts.People moved from the countryside
into towns.
28.
- Represented a clear break with the classical past
- Developed in northern France
29. There are several features that Characterize Gothic
construction.There is an overall feeling of verticality as
architects tried to make the interiors as high as possible, as if
reaching toward heaven. Chartres Cathedral 30.
- Housed the tunic that the Virgin Mary was said to have worn at
the birth of Jesus.
- Surpasses all others in the art of stained glass
31. Tympanum, lintel, and archivolts of the central portal, west
faade, ChartresCathedral, c. 1145-1170 . 32. South wall of Chartres
Cathedral, 13th century. 33. Chartres Cathedral,Nave with
Labyrinth, 1194-1260 34. Chartres, flying buttresses 35. Saints
Theodore, Stephen, Clement, and Lawrence , door jamb statues, south
transept, Chartres Cathedral, 13th century . 36.
AnnunciationandVisitation , door jamb statues, Reims Cathedral, c.
1225-1245 37. Salisbury Cathedral, England, begun 1220. aerial view
. 38. Cologne Cathedral, Germany, begun 1248 . 39. Notre Dame,
Paris. View from the east, 1163-1182. 40. Sainte Chapelle, Paris,
from the southwest, 1245-1248. 41. Fan Vaulting broke the vaulting
into many umbrella spokesand also lightened the pressure of the
ceiling 42. Gargoyles: a protecting ornament on a building carved
in the shape of a fantastic animal or grotesque creature; meant to
look like spirits fleeing or being driven from the holy building,
could also have been to entice non-believers to enter the
cathedral. 43.
- Grotesques and a gargoyle waterspout on a tower terrace of
Notre Dame, Paris, as restored in the nineteenth century.
44. Sculptors and Masons at Work window, Chartres Cathedral, ca.
1220 45. Notre Dame de al Belle Verriere; Our Lady of the Beautiful
Glass 12 th cen. 46. Rose window and lancets, north transept,
Chartres Cathedral13th cent. 47. Charlemagne panels; stained glass
from Chartres ca. 1220-1225 48.
- Visual illustrations for medieval manuscripts
- Walls or panels paintings that were assembled as church
altarpieces
Cimabue (c. 1240?1302), Madonna Enthroned ca. 1280-1290. Tempera
on wood, 12' 7" x 7' 4". Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence 49. Simone
Martini (c. 1284-1344),Saint Louis Altarpiece , c. 1317. Tempera on
panel, main panel 78' 3/4" x 54' 1/4". 50. Duccio (c.
1255-1319),Maest , from Siena Cathedral, 1308-1311. Tempera and
gold on panel, 7' x 13' 6 1/4". 51. Mukteshvar temple of Shiva,
Bhubaneshvar, Orissa, India, c. 950. 52. Vishnu Dreaming the
UniverseorVishnu Sleeping on Ananta , relief panel, south side of
Temple of Vishnu, Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, early 6th century.
53.
- 11 thcentury, encircled by a celestial ring of fire the four
armed deity holding symbols of creation and destruction is one of
medieval Indias most famous bronze icons .
Shiva Nataraja, India, 10th century C.E. Bronze 54.
- China, most revered of sculptured images
- Beings who have postponed entrance into nirvana in order to
assist others in attaining enlightenment
Guanyin, tenth to early twelfth century. Wood with painted
decoration 55.
- Musical notation was invented in the monasteries
- Polyphony music consisting of two or more lines of melody
Lady Musica and Musicians . From Boethius,De Arithmetica .
56.
- Dies Irae (Day of Wrath) reflected the new spirit of dramatic
expression in medieval Christendom. 57 line hymn
- Motet a short polyphonic choral composition based on a sacred
text
Lady Musica and Musicians . From Boethius,De Arithmetica .
Naples