1.

• Formed the bedrock of medieval European culture.

Great power and authority as a religious force and political institution.

2.

1022 founded the College of Cardinals as the sole body responsible for the election of the Pope.

3.

Religious obedience

Excommunication- exclusion from the sacraments

Interdict the excommunication of the entire city or state used to dissuade secular rulers from opposing papal policy

4.

In 1233 pope established the Inquisition.

A special court designed to stamp out heresy.

5.

Theybrought to trial individuals whom local townspeople denounced as heretics.

Physical torture might be used to obtain a confession.

6.

If they failed they might impose exile or excommunication

or turned over to the state to be hanged or burned at the stake.

7.

Enforcing periods of no war.

Assumed moral and financial responsibility forthe poor, the sick, and the homeless.

Organized hosp itals, refugees andorphanages.

8.

A set of sacred acts that impart grace. (the free and unearned favor of God)

Since only church officials could administer the sacraments, the clergy held a monopoly on personal salvation.

Raphael,Disputation over the Sacrament , 1509-1511. Fresco, 26' x 18'. 9.

Not until the 16 thcentury would European Westacknowledge a clear separation.

10.

Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179)

Landmark treatiseScivias.

She recounts ecstatic visions filled with vivid images that came to her in a voice from Heaven.

11.

All world religions have produced mystics

Individuals inspired to reveal truths that lie beyond human understanding

Dancing Dervishes, from a manuscript of the Diwan (Book of Poems) of Hafiz, Herat School, Persia, ca. 1490. Colors and gilt on paper, 11 3/4 x 7 3/8 in. 12.

Medieval humanist

Roman Catholic Churchs worldliness inspired movements of reform devoted to reviving the early Christian ideals of poverty , chastity , and humility.

He came to be known as a missionary to all of Gods creatures

He was canonizedin 1228

Giotto, Legend of St Francis: Sermon to the Birds, 1297-99 13.

The rise of towns in a period following the first Crusade (1095) was one of the landmark developments ofthis time.

14.

Mystery Play-biblical history

Morality Play-struggle of good and evil

• Everyman (death has come to take everyman)

Miracle Play-the life of Christ

A favorite stage device for the Mystery Play,was the hells mouth 15.

Florentine poet Dante Alighien (1265-1321)

An adventure packed journey through the realm of the dead.

Every aspect of Dantes Commedia caries symbolic meaning.

16. Domenico di Michelino (14171491),Dante and His Poem , 1465. Fresco, 10 ft. 6 in. x 9 ft. 7 in. 17.

With grim moral logic, the sinners are each assigned to one of the nine rings in hell.

18. 19.

12 thcentury

Education shifted from monastic and parish settings to cathedral schools located in the new urban centers of western Europe.

20.

Enshrined relics

Remains of saints and martyrs brought increased mobility and economic revitalization

21.

This life-sized reliquary held the cranium of the child martyr and favorite local saint of Conques.

On feast days, the image, sheathed in thin sheets of gold and semiprecious stones, was carried through the streets in sacred procession.

Reliquary statue of Sainte Foy, Conques,late 10th-11th century. Gold and gemstonesover a wooden core, 33 1/2" high. 22. Romanesque and Gothic Sites in Western Europe, ca. 1000-1300 23.

11 thand 12 thcentury

Round arches

A uniform system of stone vaults in the upper zones of the nave and side aisles.

Floor plans followed the Latin Cross design

24. St. Sernin, Toulouse 1080-1121 25. Romanesque -Aerial view of Sainte-Foy, Conques, Auvergne, France. c. 1050-1120. 26. Vezelay, exterior tympanum (Mission of the Apostles) Sculpture used to teach religion to people since most could not read. This type of sculpture is called architectonic since it is part of the architecture. 27.

Gothic Art is the style of art produced in Northern Europe from the middle ages up until the beginning of the Renaissance. Typically rooted in religious devotion, it is especially known for the distinctive arched design of its churches, its stained glass, and its illuminated manuscripts.People moved from the countryside into towns.

28.

Represented a clear break with the classical past

Developed in northern France

29. There are several features that Characterize Gothic construction.There is an overall feeling of verticality as architects tried to make the interiors as high as possible, as if reaching toward heaven. Chartres Cathedral 30.

Gothic landmark

12 th century

Housed the tunic that the Virgin Mary was said to have worn at the birth of Jesus.

Surpasses all others in the art of stained glass

31. Tympanum, lintel, and archivolts of the central portal, west faade, ChartresCathedral, c. 1145-1170 . 32. South wall of Chartres Cathedral, 13th century. 33. Chartres Cathedral,Nave with Labyrinth, 1194-1260 34. Chartres, flying buttresses 35. Saints Theodore, Stephen, Clement, and Lawrence , door jamb statues, south transept, Chartres Cathedral, 13th century . 36. AnnunciationandVisitation , door jamb statues, Reims Cathedral, c. 1225-1245 37. Salisbury Cathedral, England, begun 1220. aerial view . 38. Cologne Cathedral, Germany, begun 1248 . 39. Notre Dame, Paris. View from the east, 1163-1182. 40. Sainte Chapelle, Paris, from the southwest, 1245-1248. 41. Fan Vaulting broke the vaulting into many umbrella spokesand also lightened the pressure of the ceiling 42. Gargoyles: a protecting ornament on a building carved in the shape of a fantastic animal or grotesque creature; meant to look like spirits fleeing or being driven from the holy building, could also have been to entice non-believers to enter the cathedral. 43.

Grotesques and a gargoyle waterspout on a tower terrace of Notre Dame, Paris, as restored in the nineteenth century.

44. Sculptors and Masons at Work window, Chartres Cathedral, ca. 1220 45. Notre Dame de al Belle Verriere; Our Lady of the Beautiful Glass 12 th cen. 46. Rose window and lancets, north transept, Chartres Cathedral13th cent. 47. Charlemagne panels; stained glass from Chartres ca. 1220-1225 48.

Visual illustrations for medieval manuscripts

Walls or panels paintings that were assembled as church altarpieces

Cimabue (c. 1240?1302), Madonna Enthroned ca. 1280-1290. Tempera on wood, 12' 7" x 7' 4". Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence 49. Simone Martini (c. 1284-1344),Saint Louis Altarpiece , c. 1317. Tempera on panel, main panel 78' 3/4" x 54' 1/4". 50. Duccio (c. 1255-1319),Maest , from Siena Cathedral, 1308-1311. Tempera and gold on panel, 7' x 13' 6 1/4". 51. Mukteshvar temple of Shiva, Bhubaneshvar, Orissa, India, c. 950. 52. Vishnu Dreaming the UniverseorVishnu Sleeping on Ananta , relief panel, south side of Temple of Vishnu, Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, early 6th century. 53.

Southern India

11 thcentury, encircled by a celestial ring of fire the four armed deity holding symbols of creation and destruction is one of medieval Indias most famous bronze icons .

Shiva Nataraja, India, 10th century C.E. Bronze 54.

China, most revered of sculptured images

Beings who have postponed entrance into nirvana in order to assist others in attaining enlightenment

Guanyin, tenth to early twelfth century. Wood with painted decoration 55.

Musical notation was invented in the monasteries

Polyphony music consisting of two or more lines of melody

Lady Musica and Musicians . From Boethius,De Arithmetica . 56.

Dies Irae (Day of Wrath) reflected the new spirit of dramatic expression in medieval Christendom. 57 line hymn

Motet a short polyphonic choral composition based on a sacred text

Lady Musica and Musicians . From Boethius,De Arithmetica . Naples