World War I
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Transcript of World War I
World War I
A World Divided
Causes
Imperialism Nationalism Militarism Alliances
Imperialism
Imperialism: When a powerful nation extends and
maintains its control over weaker nations or people
European imperial powers were in competition for Africa and Asia
A ticking time bomb for war
Nationalism
Nationalism: A strong feeling of
pride in one’s own nation
Created national unity but fueled international rivalry
Militarism Militarism:
The belief in threatening or using military force to solve a problem
“a self-reinforcing cycle of heightened military preparedness”
Between 1908 and 1913, the six “Great Powers” increased military spending by 50% Britain, Germany,
France, Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Russia
Alliances Two armed alliances
The Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-Hungary,
Italy
The Triple Entente France, Russia, Great Britain
*Russia pledged to defend Serbia
Austria-Hungary and Russia were rivals in the Balkans
Germany had become the rival of Great Britain and France in Africa
Region containing Bulgaria and Serbia
Messy Allegiances
Messy Allegiances
The Balkans
Messy AllegiancesT
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Sch
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Pla
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Messy Allegiances
Messy Allegiances
“Europe today is like a powder keg and the leaders are like men smoking in an arsenal. A single spark will set off an explosion that will consume us all.”
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
War Breaks Out!
June 28, 1914: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in the city of Sarajevo Ferdinand = the heir to the Austria-Hungary throne
(next in line be ruler) Killer = A Serbian nationalist seeking independence
for his people Part of the “Black Hand” Wanted Serbian
independence Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
Remember Russia pledged to defend Serbia… uh oh…
Due to overlapping alliances, much of the world was at war within weeks
War Breaks Out!
War Breaks Out!
Gavrilo PrinzipFerdinand’s killer
War Breaks Out!
This is where things get really confusing… A war between Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary and SerbiaSerbia
meant a war between Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary and RussiaRussia, SerbiaSerbia's traditional ally. That meant war between RussiaRussia and GermanyGermany, Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary’s ally. And that meant war between GermanyGermany and FranceFrance, RussiaRussia’s ally. And that meant war between GermanyGermany and Great BritainGreat Britain, BelgiumBelgium’s protector because Germany Germany invaded France France through BelgiumBelgium.
Confused yet?
But Wait… There’s more…?
Italy refused to join Germany and Austria-Hungary and left the Triple Alliance. Instead, The Ottoman Empire joined to form The Central Powers Central Powers: Austria-Hungary, Germany, and
The Ottoman Empire Allied Powers (formerly the Triple Entente):
France, Great Britain, and Russia
Italy decided to wait until there was a clear winner before picking sides. They eventually sided with the Allied Powers, fighting against their former alliance.
War Breaks Out!