World War I: CREATING THE PEACE World War I: CREATING THE PEACE.

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World World War War I: I: CREATING CREATING THE PEACE THE PEACE

Transcript of World War I: CREATING THE PEACE World War I: CREATING THE PEACE.

Page 1: World War I: CREATING THE PEACE World War I: CREATING THE PEACE.

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WarWar I:I:CREATING CREATING THE PEACETHE PEACE

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WarWar I:I:CREATING CREATING THE PEACETHE PEACE

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Wilson’s Ideas for PeaceWilson’s Ideas for Peace Peace without Victory Open Diplomacy

– No Secret Treaties

Freedom of Seas & Trade Move toward an end to

colonialism Self-determinism

– Right of people to choose their own form of government

General Disarmament League of Nations – org.of nations –

work together to avoid war

“Only a tranquil Europe can be a stable Europe… Victory would mean peace forced upon the loser… It would be accepted in humiliation… and leave a sting, a resentment, a bitter memory upon which terms of peace would rest, not permanently, but only upon quicksand.” ~ Woodrow Wilson (Jan. 1917)

What is the main point that Wilson is trying to make?

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At the ConferenceAt the Conference “Big Four” Dominate

– Great Britain - P.M. Lloyd George

– France - Premier Georges Clemenceau

– Italy – Premier Vittorio Orlando

– USA – Pres. Wilson – hailed as hero & symbol of better world ahead

Which major ally from the war was left out?

Secret Treaties –– Allies has already made

secret “agreements” to divide up the territories and colonies of Central Powers

– How might this affect Wilson’s plan for peace?

Allies more concerned with – punishing enemies than creating a lasting peace

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David Lloyd-George [Great Britain]

Vittorio Orlando [Italy]

Georges Clemenceau [France]

Woodrow Wilson [USA]

At the Conference At the Conference – The Big Four– The Big Four

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Decisions Made at the Decisions Made at the ConferenceConference

Wilson’s Ideas For Peace Decisions Made at the Conference

Peace without Victory GB & Fr make Germany pay reparations

Open Diplomacy Proposal Fails

Freedom of Seas & Trade Proposal Fails

Move toward an end to colonialism Middle East is broken up into “mandates”

Self-Determinism In Europe & Middle East, ethnic groups are clustered together randomly

General Disarmament Proposal Fails

League of Nations League of Nations is created

How successful was Wilson in achieving his aims?How successful was Wilson in achieving his aims?

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THE TERMS OF THE TREATY OF

VERSAILLES1919

WAR GUILT CLAUSE

GERMANY GIVES UP NATIONAL TERRITORY

GERMANY’S MILITARY FORCES

REDUCED

GERMAN LOSES OVERSEAS TERRITORIES

NO UNION WITH

AUSTRIA

REPARATIONS

Germany had to accept blame for starting WW1

- Army restricted to 100,000

- No modern weapons such as tanks, military air force.

- Navy could not have battle ships over 10,000 tons and no U-Boats.

- was given to Belgium, Denmark, Czechoslovakia, most went to Poland.

Germany lost colonial claims

RHINELAND TO BE DE-MILITARIZED

Germany forced to pay massive fine for war

damages – $33B ability to pay?

The Treaty was designed to cripple Germany militarily, territorially and economically

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Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles Other Provisions

– Creation of Poland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia

• Poland from Ger. & Russia

• Yugoslavia from Balkan nations

– Austria-Hungary Divided

Problems w/ the Peace– German people living in

non-German nations• Same for some Austrians

– Ethnic Groups clustered together randomly

• Especially from Ottoman Empire

• Ex. Iraq – created from 3 different provinces w/ different groups of people

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The Changed Map of EuropeThe Changed Map of Europe1914------------------1919

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The Changed Map of the The Changed Map of the Middle EastMiddle East

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Differing ViewpointsDiffering Viewpoints Answer Questions #6-9 on Quia using the Answer Questions #6-9 on Quia using the

reading below and the links on the website.reading below and the links on the website.

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U.S. Approval of the Treaty?U.S. Approval of the Treaty? Opposition

– German Ams – Treaty too harsh

– Irish Ams – no guarantee of independent Ireland

– Senate Republicans• “Irreconcilables”

– Believed US should not be involved in world politics or any League of Nations

• “Reservationists”– Opposed treaty as written– Wanted some changes made

Wilson’s Reaction– Refused to compromise– Went on cross-country

tour to build support • Falls ill, suffers stroke

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U.S. Approval of the Treaty?U.S. Approval of the Treaty? Failure

– Treaty failed 2x• Wilson ordered Dems to

oppose “modified” version

• Senate Republicans vote down “original” treaty

– Separate treaty signed with Germany in 1921

– What does this mean?• U.S. not part of League of

Nations

Essential Question #1Essential Question #1– When is America exerting its power and influence

justified? Essential Questions #2Essential Questions #2

– Does a dominant, successful nation also have an obligation to help or protect weaker nations and people?

How has the American answer to each of these questions changed since the late 1890s?