Ch 11 The First World War Section I World War I Begins.
-
Upload
beverly-gallagher -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of Ch 11 The First World War Section I World War I Begins.
Ch 11 The First World Ch 11 The First World WarWar
Section ISection I
World War I BeginsWorld War I Begins
Causes of World War ICauses of World War I
4 long-term causes4 long-term causes– NationalismNationalism
Devotion to the interest and culture of one’s Devotion to the interest and culture of one’s nationnation
– ImperialismImperialism Europeans had been building empiresEuropeans had been building empires
– Militarism Militarism The development of armed forcesThe development of armed forces
– AlliancesAlliances The Triple Entente becomes the AlliesThe Triple Entente becomes the Allies The Triple Alliance becomes the Central PowersThe Triple Alliance becomes the Central Powers
AlliancesAlliances
Triple Triple EntenteEntente
AlliesAllies Triple Triple AllianceAlliance
Central Central PowersPowers
FranceFrance
BritainBritain
RussiaRussia
FranceFrance
BritainBritain
RussiaRussia
ItalyItaly
United United StatesStates
GermanyGermany
Austria-Austria-HungaryHungary
ItalyItaly
GermanyGermany
Austria-Austria-Hungary Hungary
Ottoman Ottoman EmpireEmpire
Label the following on your Label the following on your mapmap
GermanyGermany Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire Italy (stripe)Italy (stripe) FranceFrance BritainBritain RussiaRussia SerbiaSerbia BelgiumBelgium
An Assassination Leads to An Assassination Leads to WarWar
Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevoby Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo
On July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declared On July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbiawar on Serbia
Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary and Germanyand Germany
Germany declared war on Russia and her Germany declared war on Russia and her ally of Franceally of France
Germany marched through Belgium, Germany marched through Belgium, Britain declares war on Both Germany and Britain declares war on Both Germany and Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary
The Fighting StartsThe Fighting Starts
On August 3, 1914, Germany On August 3, 1914, Germany invaded Belgium (Schelieffen Plan)invaded Belgium (Schelieffen Plan)
Trench Warfare, German soldiers in Trench Warfare, German soldiers in one and Allies in the other “no man’s one and Allies in the other “no man’s land” betweenland” between
Fighting for yards of groundFighting for yards of ground
Americans Question Americans Question NeutralityNeutrality
Most Americans saw no reason to Most Americans saw no reason to enter WWIenter WWI
Loyalties were dividedLoyalties were divided British PropagandaBritish Propaganda
– Showed the harshness of GermanyShowed the harshness of Germany Economic ties were far stronger with Economic ties were far stronger with
the Alliesthe Allies
War Hits HomeWar Hits Home
The British BlockadeThe British Blockade– American ships carrying goods for American ships carrying goods for
Germany refused to challenge the Germany refused to challenge the blockadeblockade
– By 1917 famine stalked GermanyBy 1917 famine stalked Germany U-Boat ResponseU-Boat Response
– (unterseeboot) threatened any ship in (unterseeboot) threatened any ship in the war zone the war zone
– Lusitania – British Passenger linerLusitania – British Passenger liner
He kept us out of war
In the 1916 election
Sinking of the Arabic and Sinking of the Arabic and SussexSussex
The U.S. warned that they would The U.S. warned that they would break off diplomatic ties with break off diplomatic ties with GermanyGermany
The United States Declares The United States Declares WarWar
On 1/31/1917 Kaiser Wilhelm announced On 1/31/1917 Kaiser Wilhelm announced that U-boat would have unrestricted that U-boat would have unrestricted warfare warfare
Zimmermann note – proposed an alliance Zimmermann note – proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico.between Germany and Mexico.– Mexico would occupy the U.S. and in return Mexico would occupy the U.S. and in return
they would get the lost territory of Texas, New they would get the lost territory of Texas, New Mexico and ArizonaMexico and Arizona
Sinking of 4 unarmed U.S. Merchant shipsSinking of 4 unarmed U.S. Merchant ships Russia’s monarchy was replaced with a Russia’s monarchy was replaced with a
representative governmentrepresentative government
U.S. Declares WarU.S. Declares War
April 2, 1917 April 2, 1917 Wilson asks for a Wilson asks for a declaration of wardeclaration of war
Make the world Make the world “safe for “safe for democracy”democracy”
Section 2Section 2
American Power Tips the American Power Tips the BalanceBalance
America MobilizesAmerica Mobilizes
Selective Service Act – Draft Selective Service Act – Draft Mass Production – Women were Mass Production – Women were
encouraged to work in factoriesencouraged to work in factories– Capitalist money drives productionCapitalist money drives production
America turns the tideAmerica turns the tide– Convoy systemConvoy system– Freshness and enthusiasm (dough boys)Freshness and enthusiasm (dough boys)
American Expeditionary Force led by American Expeditionary Force led by John J. PershingJohn J. Pershing
WeaponsWeapons– Machine gunMachine gun– TankTank– Airplane ( surveillance to bombs )Airplane ( surveillance to bombs )
New HazardsNew Hazards
Shell shock, battle fatigue, emotional Shell shock, battle fatigue, emotional collapse collapse
Trench foot –from standing in cold Trench foot –from standing in cold wet trencheswet trenches
Trench mouthTrench mouth
American TroopsAmerican Troops
Allies Stop German Advance • Russia pulls out of war 1917;
Germans shift armies to western front Russia and Germany sign the Treaty of
Brest-litovsk - come within 50 miles of Paris • Americans help stop German
advance, turn tide against Central Powers
The Collapse of Germany
November 3, 1918, Austria-Hungary surrenders to Allies
German sailors, soldiers rebel; socialists establish German republic
- Kaiser gives up throne Germans exhausted; armistice, or
truce, signed November 11, 1918
The Final Toll
World War I bloodiest war in history to date
more than half of 22 million dead are civilians
20 million more are wounded 10 million people become refugees
Vocabulary (15 words)Vocabulary (15 words) Section 1Section 1
– NationalismNationalism– MilitarismMilitarism– AlliesAllies– No man’s landNo man’s land
Section 2Section 2– Eddie RickenbackerEddie Rickenbacker– American American
Expeditionary ForceExpeditionary Force– Alvin YorkAlvin York– Conscientious Conscientious
objectorobjector
Section 3Section 3– Great MigrationGreat Migration
Section 4Section 4– 14 points14 points– League of NationsLeague of Nations– Georges Georges
ClemenceauClemenceau– War-guild clauseWar-guild clause– reparationsreparations– Henry Cabot LodgeHenry Cabot Lodge