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Why a visual aid?Save timeHighlights key pointsCreates impactHelps the presenterCreates varietyBuilds interest

Visual aids – design and type

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Type of visual

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Type of visual

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Equipment and Enviroment

Design Elements

• Color• Space• Fonts

• Font Sizes• Clip Art/Photos• Animations

Using Color

• Use light text on a dark background• Use a limited number of colors• Use one color for titles and another color for

text• Use colors consistently

Using Space

• Try to avoid large blank spaces• Don’t put too much material on a single

slide (7 X 7)• Leave extra room at the edge of slides• Try to limit each slide to six lines of text

Choosing Fonts

• Use fonts that are easy to read• Avoid distracting, decorative fonts• AVOID ALL CAPS• Use a limited number of fonts• Use fonts consistently

54 44 32 24 12

Font Sizes

• Use font size consistently for titles, subtitles, text, etc.

• Use a large enough font to be seen clearly• 44-point for titles• 32-point for text

Using Animations

• Animations allow you to manipulate text and add motion to otherwise static material

• Though fun, animations can be distracting and should not overpower the content of your speech

Planning Your Presentation

• Review your speech outline• Identify points that can be illustrated with

PowerPoint• definitions• charts• graphs• statistics, etc.

LANGUAGE FOCUS

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Introducing the visual

OK.Let’s take a look at…...I have a transparency to show you.The first/second/next/final slide is…

Visual aids – design and type

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This shows/illustrates/demonstrates/refer to…This is a graph/an organigram whish shows…As you can see,this is…Here we can see…

Meaning of the visualVisual aids – design and type

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I’d like to draw your attention to…One of the most importan aspect of this is…At first glance it seems….but…

Focusing attentionVisual aids – design and type

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Check with the audienceVisual aids – design and type

Is that clear for everyone?Is that in focus?Can everybody see that?

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Describing changeVisual aids – describing charts

UpTo go upTo increase an increaseTo rise a riseTo grow a growth

up

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Describing changeVisual aids – describing charts

To improve an improvementTo get better an increaseTo recover a recoveryTo rocket a rocket

rocket

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Describing changeVisual aids – describing charts

OtherTo remain stableTo level outTo reach a peakTo peak a peak

peak

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Describing changeVisual aids – describing charts

DownTo go downTo decrease a decreaseTo fall a fallTo drop a drop

down

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Describing changeVisual aids – describing charts

To deteriorate a deteriorationTo get worse To worsen a worseningTo slump a slump

slump

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Describing changeVisual aids – describing charts

To fluctuate a fluctuationTo bottom outTo reach a low pointTo hit a low a low

fluctuate

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Speed of changeVisual aids – describing charts

Rapid - RapidlySteady - SteadilyGradual - GraduallySlow - Slowly

Sales rose rapidly.There was a rapidrise in sales.

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Degree of changeVisual aids – describing charts

Dramatic - DramaticallySignificant - SignificantlyModerate - ModeratelySlight - Slightly

Sales rose dramatically.There was a dramaticrise in sales

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PrepositionsVisual aids – describing charts

To stand atFrom…to…By…An increase of…

Sales rose from 3 millionto 7 million.Sales rose by 4 million.There was an increaseof 4 million over last year.Sales stood at 3 millionin January.

76543210 Jan 1999 Jan 2000

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Spot check - visuals•Are spelling and grammar correct?•Is lettering clear?•Is the layout logical?•Are the colours compatible?•Does it communicate or distract?

Visual aids – design and type

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Handling questions

Questions Asking for clarification: Perhaps posed by studentAre you saying that..?

What did you mean when you said..? Could you

go over that

again,please?It wasn’t very clear

for me.

Could you say a little bit more about…?

Don’t you think that…?

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Handling questionsClarify if you don’t understand

If I understand you correctly,you want to know…You’re asking me about …. Is that right ?Sorry , I didn’t follow / catch the question.Could you repeat for me , please ?In other words , you’re asking ….

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Handling questionsHow do you respond?

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Handling questions

Ineffective responses

Avoid!!!

• I’m afraid I can’t really answer that.• That’s not really my area / field ,

I’m afraid ….• I don’t have the figures with me.• I’m afraid that question goes beyond the subject of today’s

class. • I’m afraid that’s confidential. • I’m not at liberty to give you that

information.• I’d be glad to discuss that with

you personally after the class.

• That’s a good / difficult /complex / an interesting question.

• Thank you for asking that question.

• I’m glad someone asked that question. It allows me to say…

• Yes , I mentioned in the introduction…..

• As I said / pointed out / explained earlier , …..

• I think / already made it clear that..

Effective responses

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Handling questions ACCEPTING CRITISM• I accept that. / That’s a fair

point. / • I agree with what you• ’re saying.• Up to a point , I agree.

RETURNING A QUESTION• Well , let me ask you the same

question.• OK.Let me ask you a question.• I can answer that by asking you

a question.

CHECK YOUR ANSWER• Does that answer your question? / Is that OK ?• Is that clear now ? / Can we move on ?