Welcome to Latin Class!

Salvete!

Unit I

Make a Prediction

Silva

Luna

Stella

Casa

Via

Alta

Longa

Magna

Multa

And these

Sub

Trans

Circum

Aqua

Terra

Pirata

Agricola

Nauta

Think about it

Sixty five percent of our English vocabulary is derived from Latin.

Many times the Latin word will be exactly the same as the English word.

Sometimes the Latin word will remind you of a word you know in English, you just have to think about it a bit.

Consider these:

Extraterrestrial

Aquarium

Circumference

Subterranean

Longitude

Altitude

Multitude

Word Order

The policeman chased the burglar down the street.

The burglar chased the policeman down the street.

Word order makes a difference.

In Latin

Anna sees the farmer.

Anna agricolam videt.

Agricolam Anna videt.

Word order makes NODIFFERENCE!

What determines meaning?

Endings

Words that serve as the subject end in “A”.

Anna agricolam videt.

Words that serve as the direct object end in “AM”.

Agricolam Anna videt.

The verb, videt, ends in “T”.

Match

Subject am

Direct Object t

Verb a

Sentence Structure

Romans built sentences the way they built everything else.

Strong pillars at the beginning and end.

Anna (subject) videt (Verb)

agricolam(D.O.)

Anna agricolam videt.

BUT…..

Word order makes no difference – you have to look at the endings!

Cases

Nominative Subject

Accusative Direct Object

Endings

Nominative A(Singular) AE (Plural)

Accusative AM(Singular) AS (Plural)

Examples

Anna agricolam videt.

Anna agricolas videt.

Agricola videt Annam.

Agricolae Annam vident.

Verb Endings

If the subject is singular, the verb ends in T.

Videt she sees or he sees

If the subject is plural, the verb ends in NT.

Vident they see

The verb “To Be”

Sum I am sumus we are

Es You are estis you are

Est He/she is sunt they are

Understanding Verbs

First person singular: I

First person plural: We

Second person singular: you

Second person plural: you all

Third person singular: He/she/ it

Third person plural: They

Verb Tenses

Present tense: Now I AM

Past tense: Yesterday I was

Future tense: Tomorrow I will be

Nouns

Nominative: Subject/Predicate noun

Endings A (singular) AE (Plural)

Accusative: Direct obj./Obj. of Preposition

Endings AM (singular) AS (Plural)

Ablative: Object of Preposition

Endings A (Singular) IS (Plural)

Answers

Subject A

Direct Object Am

Verb T

Unit I

Unit I

Review of Cases:Nouns which are subjects or predicate nouns are referred to as Nominative. They are identified by the a, ae endings.Nouns which serve as the direct object and some objects of prepositions are referred to as Accusative. They are identified by the am, as endings.Nouns which indicate some objects of prepositions are referred to as Ablative , with endings long a and is.

Unit I