WATER SO/¿ - NIWA

WATER & SO/¿

NATIONAL WATER AND SOILCONSERVATION ORGANISATION

ISSN 0110-4705

Water & soil miscellaneous publication no. 11 (1980)

WATER & SOIL MISCELLANEOUS PTJBLICATION NO. 11

:

s Liquid and Waterborne WastesResearch

in New Zealand lY78

Compiled byDENISE F. CHURCH

Water and Soil liui.ion,Ministry of Works and Development,

Wellington

WELLINGTON 1980Water & soil miscellaneous publication no. 11 (1980)

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Liquld and Waterborne Wastes Research in New Zealand 1978

Compiled by DENISE F. CHURCII, Ilead Office, Water and Soil Division, Ministry of Works and Dcvelopment, Wellington

Water & Soil Miscellaneous Publication No. I l. 1980. 22p.

AbstractNinety-eight research projects curren¡ly being undertaken by Gov-ernment agencies, regional water boards, local authorities, researchorganisations, universities, and private organisations in the field ofliquid and waterborne \ilastes, their characteristics, treatment anddisposal, are listed. The information is classified by subject andoqganisation, and names of individuals are given as points of contact.

National Library of New zealan¿lCataloguing-ín-Publication data

LIQUID anal waterborne wastes research in Neirzealantl. .. - 1976- . - Wellington : waterandl Soil Divisíon for the National water analsoil conservation organisation, [1977]-30cn. - (water & soil rniscellaneouspr.¡blicatíon, lssN 0110-4705)

Annual. - 1976 subseries of: vlater & soiltechnical publication, ISSN 0110-4144.

ISSN 0110-5914 = Liquid and srater.borne\,rastes research Ín NeÌr zealand

I. National water andl Soil- ConservationOrganisatioir. II. NeÌr Zealanal. lgater an¿lSoiI Divlsion.

@ Crown copyright 1980

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Published for the National Water and Soil Conservation Organisationby the

Water and Soil Division, Ministry of Works and Development,PO Box l2-M1, Wellington, New Zealand.


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CONTENTSPage

CLASSIFICATION BY SUBJECT ............ ...,.... 5I \{astewater Treatment

l. l Wastewater collection ............. 51.2 Urban runoff and combined sewer over flow ... ... 51.3 Characteristics of efÏluents and wastes ...........,.. 51.4 Physical and chemical methods .......... 51.5 Biological filters ,...... ........ 61.6 Activated sludge ..........,.... 61.7 Lagoons and oxidation ponds ......,.. 61.8 Anaerobic processes ..... 71.9 Sludge treatment, utilisation and disposal ............. 7l.l0 Disinfection .........,...... II .l I Advanced treatment (nutrient removal) ........ ,.... ILl2 Detergents .........81.13 Water reclamation and reuse .............. Il.l4 Land disposal of wastewater .. ... ........ Il.l5 Instrumentation and automation of

waste water treatment systems ..,................10l.16 Household disposal systems ...........10

II Industrial wastes2.1 Meat, fish and poultry processing wastes ...........1l2.2 Hide and skin processing wastes .. ... I I2.3 Dairy factory wastes .....,122.4 Livestock wastes .....,...122.5 Pulp and paper products ........... .....122.6 Fruit, vegetable and grain processing wastes ...... 132.7 Woolscour and woollen mill wastes ..................132.8 Textile wastes ..........132.9 Fermentation industry - pharmaceuticals, sugar, corn .........132.10 Coal and coal mine drainage ...........132.11 Steel industry wastes ..........142.12 Petroleum processing wastes ...................142.13 Plating and cyanide wastes .............142.14 Solid wastes and water quality (including landfill leachate) ....142.16 Chemicals and allied products .........142.17 General .............14

CLASSIFTCATIONBYORGANISATION ....... ...................15I Ministry of Works and Development ..... ........ 15il Regional Water Boards ........,..15III Government Departments ,....,..,...16IV Research Organisations ............. ............. 17V Universities ................... 18\4 Territorial Local Bodies and Drainage Boards .............19VII Private Organisations .....,....... ........20

ADDRESSES OF CONTRIBT]TORS ................21C


PREFACE

Publication of this report and its counterpaÍ "water euality Research in NewT,ealancl" was initiated at the request of the water euality Research committcc of thcWater Resources Council. The reports are intended to be working documents forreference and contact by researchers and operational staff. They will be amended andupdated on a regular basis.

Previous repofts in this series have been published as Water and Soil TechnicalPublications I and 3, and Water and Soil Miscellaneous Publications 2 and 3. Futurereports will appear in the Miscellaneous publications series.

Most of the projects detailed in this report were in progress at 30 June 1978, butsome recently completed and proposed repofts are also included.

Names of individuals are given as points of direct contact. Contributors wereasked to provide information on the commitment of man-days to the project, expectedduration, stage of completion, and proposed channel forpublication of results. In thisyear's publication a cross-referencing system has been introduced. Full details ofprojects are given under the most relevant heading, and a project number assigned. Theproject number is cross-referenced under other relevant headings. This should enablean adequate identification ofprojects by subject area.

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A CLASSIFICATION BY SUBJECT

I WASTEWATER TREATMENT

1.1 \ryASTE\ryATER COLLECTIONAuckland Regional Authority I Chemical treatment in sewers.E.G. Hutchinson Commitment: 100 man-days per year.

Duration:1977.Completion: Report completed.Publication: Sewer Treatrnent Study. A.R.A. Research Advisory Sub-committee.October 1977:50-64.

2 UV generation of ozone for use in sewage pumping stations.Commitment: 50 man-days per year.Duration: 1977.

Fiül'tftt"Sl; åïSHf:S"Ïlldcnaracte¡stics or ozone producrion rubes. A.R.A.Research Advisory Sub-committee, October 1977: 182-91,

I.2 URBAN RUNOFF AND COMBINED SEWER OVERFLO\rySee also Section 2.17 (Industrial wastes: general) Project 98.Universityof Canterbury(Civil 3 The pollutional load of stormwater runoff.Engineering) Location: Christchurch.F.

-witson "' Rïf;:ï,ïf',i'È^ij;å,$ilJl:"Y?#ff1üt#ilmenced

o"av te7'-Februarv re78'

Wellington City Corporation 4 Design and operation of a swirl concentrator/regulator for sewage(WorksDepartment,Drainage overflows.Division) Location: South Karori, Wellington.M.A. Johnstone ß:åiå,#.,!ir10

man-davs.

Publication: Fublished reporl.

1.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF EFILUENTS AND WASTESSee also Section 1 14 (Land disposal of wastewater) Project 40.

Section 2.1 (Meat, fish and poultry processing wastes) Projects 61,67.wastes and water quality) Project 89.

5 Effect of alum sludge from water treatment on sewage characteris-tic s.Location: Dunedin.Duration: August 1978-February 1979.Publication: Internal report.

6 Characterisation of meat works effluents. The fate of fat under vari-ous treatment processes.Commitment: 200 man-days per year.Duration: March 1978-December 1979.Publication: Internal reports and possibly published paper envisaged.

7 Characterisation of meat works effluents. The relationships betweenCOD, organic carbon, protein and fat concentration.Commitment: 200 män-days per year.Duration: March l978-December 1979.Publication: Internal reports and published paper envisaged.

I.4 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL METIIODSSee also Section 2.2 (Hide and skin processing wastes) Prgject 69.

Section 2.14 (Solid wastes and water quality) Project 91.Section 2.17 (General) Projects 94,95.

N.Z. Leather & Shoe Research 8 Further investigations into aspects of manganese catalysed sulphide

Section 2.14 (SolidDunedin Drainage andSewerage Board.Drainage Engineer

Meat Industry ResearchInstitute of N.Zr (Inc.)J.M. Russell

AssociationI.G. Mason

oxidation.Commitment: -50 man-days per year.Duration:, Ongoing.Publication : Information available on request.

9 Chromium (3) removal from effluent using lime-polyelectrolyte dos-lng.Commitment: 20 man-days per year.Duration: May 1976-November 1978.Completion: Currently writing up.Publication: Internal report. Information available on request.


1.5 BIOLOGICAL FILTERSSee also Section 1.8 (Anaerobic processes) Project 26.

Section 2.2 (Hide and skin processing wastes) Project 70.Section 2.17 (General) Project 97.

Wellington City Corporation 12 Bio disc pilot treatment of wastewater.(Works l)epartment, Drainage gton Interceptor sewer, Tirangi Road, Rongotai,Division)M.H. Luo ar'

1.6 ACTIVATED SLUDGESee also Section 2.1 (Meat, flrsh and poultry processing wastes) Projects 65, 66.University of Canterbury 13 Loading rariations in small sewage works.IÞpartment of CivilEngineeringr. "witson " 'ot"Jilï'*, expected.

City of Invercargill (Clifton 14 Activated sludge pilot plant studies on domestic sewage with a high

Wool Research Organisation ofNew ZæalandD.B. Early

New Zealand AluminiumSmelters LtdEnvironmental ControlSupervisor

Laboratory)P.A. Rodmell

Massey University(Agricultural Engineering)R.M. Clarke

UniversÍty of Otago(Microbiolog¡r)M. Loutit

Auckland Regional AuthorityA. Haughey

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10 Ultra-filtration studies.Location: Christchurch.Commitment: 125 man-days professional, 20 man-days technical per year.Duration: Suhstantially com¡leted by ltrne 1978Publication: Paper submitted to Journal of the Textile Institute.

ll Removal of calcium fluoride floc by sedimentation.Commitment: 20 man-days per year.Duration: October 1976 onwards.Completion: Commercial flocculents under investigation.Publication: Internal report.

proportion of wool scour wastes.Commitment: 150 days per year.Duration: October 1976-October 1978.Publication: Auckland Regional Authority technical reports.

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Wetlington City Corporation 15 Bench scale study of activated sludge treatment of landfill leachate.(Works l)epartment, Drainage y.

Division)M.H. Lûo te78'

I.7 LAGOONS AND OXIDATION PONDS

See also Section 1.14 (Land disposal of wastewater) Project 40.Rangitikei-Wanganui Regional 16 An evaluation of the efficiency and seasonal variation in performanceWatõr Board of anaerobic-aerobic pond systems for dairy shed waste treatment.C.R. Fowles Commitment: 20 man-days per year.

Duration: Continuing from April 1976.Publication: Internal report (Published articles possible).

lTOxidation ponds effluent monitoring at Marton, Sanson, Bulls, andHunterville,

per year.lantary 1974.. (Various articles may be published).

lSAn engineering evaluation of alternative systems of dairy wastetreatment.Location: Massey University No. 4 Dairy Unit and elsewhere.Commitment: 30 man-davs Der vear.Completion: In progress.'Enþineering evaluation of spray disposal systems 90Za com-plete.Publication: Clarke, R.M. 1977: The design and operation of spray disposal systems fordairy farms in New Zealand. Agrícultural Engineering Austrølia ó (/)r lG18.

19 Fate of þ,. coli in oxidation ponds and in effluent irrigated ontopasture.Funding: Lottery Distribution Committee Funds.Location: Palmerston (Otago).Commitment: 240 man-days per year.Completion: Expected completion December 1978.Publication: Published papers in preparation.

20 A study to investigate the growth rate and feeding requirements of theshort-finned eel under oxidation pond conditions.Commitment: 50 man-days per year.

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E.G. Hutchinson

1.8 ANAEROBIC PROCESSES

See also Section 1.7 (Lagoons and oxidation ponds) Project 16.Section 1.9 (Sludge treatment, utilisation and disposal) Project 29.

Section 2.1 (Meai, fÎsh and poultry processing waqtes) Project 64.Massey University 26 AñaerobiCdigestion of high strength industrial(Biotcchnologr) Eunding: DSIR contract'V.F. Larsen- 3iåiå,#ïå'"3'frf¡l;il'¿3i.íoå?",'ô*

Completion: Experimental equipment installed, commencingJune 1978.Publication: Published papers anticipated.

Duration: August 1977-March 1979.Completion: One quarter complete 30 June 1978.Publication: Internal report.

21 A study to investigate the growth rate and recovery of Typha in anoxidatiôn pond, añd effectS on sewage treatment performance.Commitment: 50 man-days per year.Duration: 1978-1983.Completion: Preliminary work begun.Publication: Internal reports.

22 Recovery of septic oxidation ponds using chemical and physicalmeans.Commitment: 250 man-days per year.Duration: 1977.Completion: Report completed,Publication: Intèrnal repõrts and "Experimental Pond Treatment Study," A.R.A.Research Advisory Sub-Committee, October 1977: 142-4'1.

23 Mechanically assisted highly-loaded oxidation ponds'Commitment: 50 man-days per year.Duration: Continuous.Completion: Work in progress.Publication: Internal iepõrts. A.R.A. Research Advisory Sub-committee, October1977: Aeration of the Manukau Oxidation Ponds: 88-100.

24 Survey of municipal oxidation ponds in the Auckland area.Commitment: 125 man-days per year.

30 June 1978.

.1; äïïí:l'åti[ïå"t"fõT:TàT ittee' oc tobe r

25 Oxidation pond pilot plant studies on domestic sewage with a highproportion of wool scour wastes.Commitment: 100 days.Duration: April 1978-April 1979.Publication: Auckland Regional Authority technical reports.

wastes.

City of Invercargill (CliftonLaboratory)P.A. Rodmell

practical work, at 30

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P.N. McFarlane 27 Anaerobic digestion under reduced pressure.Commitment: 100 man-days per Year.Duration: June l97&-December 1978.Completion: Equipment installed, commencing practical work, at 30 June 1978.

Publication: None to date.

Aucklsnd Regional Authority 28 An investigation into the pressure build-up in closed anaerobic diges-E.G. Hutchiñson ter PiPework'

Commitment: l0 man-days.

Bts'"îl"".TåXTffi ' compreted.

Publièation: A.È..,q. nesiarch Advisory Sub-committee, October 1977: PressureBuild-up in Closed Digester Pipework: 79-82'

I.9 SLUDGE TREATMENT, UTILISATION AND DISPOSAL

See also Section 1.8 (Anaerobic processes) Project 27'Section 2.17 (General) Project 92.

29The use of anaerobically digested sludge as a conditioner for acidd Soil roadside batters and for éubsóils and othèr problem material required

for soil stabilisalion and plant materials growth.w.H. Hambuechen ffåiå,#"J;; s'z.

Completion: Înitial t May 1978' Preliminary report completed June1978.Publication: Hambuechen, W.H.; Alexander, J'R. 1978: Anaerobic sludge as a con-ditioner for acid roadside batters in Northland. (In preparation). Further publicationsanticipated.


DSIR (Soil Bureau)V.A. Orchard

N. Wells

Meat Industry ResearchInstitute of N.Z. (Inc.)J. Heddle

Murray-North Partners Ltd(Rotorua)B.H. Underwood

I,I2 DETERGENTSDSIR (Chemistry Division)K.W. Dalzell

1.13 WATER RECLAMATION AND REUSE

30 The effect of sewage sludge amendments on the population ofNocardia in soil.Location: Mangere.Commitment: 35 man-days per year.Duration: 3 years from January 1976.Publication: Published papers anticipated.

3l Utilisation of sewage lagoon sludge for synthetic topsoil.Location: Mangere.Commitment: 100 man-days per year.Completion: Work compllted.Publication: soil Bureau Report 33. N.Z. Journal of Experimental Agriculture 5:363-9.

32 Utilisation of Singapore sewage sludge.Funding: Bilateral aid.Location: Singapore.Commitment: 200 man-days per year.Completion: Work compléted.Publication: Soil Bureau Report 30.

33Application of sewage lagoon sludge to pasture.Location: Mangere.Commitment: 20 man-days per year.Completion: Work completéd.Publication: Soil Bureaù report.

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lVoolResearch Organisation of 34 Sludge dewNew Zealand Location: TimE'R' Jamison

¡3iliåt#Ëå.. ff f,lt*n.technicar per vear.

Publication: Inte anticipated.1.10 DISINFECTION

No entries1.11 ADVANCED TREATMENT (NUTRTENT REMOVAL)See also Section 1.7 (Lagoons and oxidation ponds) project 21.

Section l.l (Meat, fish and poultry processing wastes) project 66.Section 2.17 (General) proiect 92.-

35 Removal of nutrients from meat works anaerobic lagoon effluents byalgae.Commitment: 100 man-days per year.Duration: July 1977-December 1979.

36Pilot plant studies on effluent filtration.Commitment: 6 months field studies. 3 months analysis and report.Duration: June 1977-March 1978.completion: Report has been written up and will shortly be delivered to Rotorua cityCouncil, the client authority.Publication: Published paper anticipated.

37 Biodegradability of surfactants.Commitment: 100 man-days per yea¡.Duration: March 1976-December 1978.Completion:Publications: of surfac-tants and the ion paper1755. Dalzell fallacies.Available as

No entries.See also section 1.9 (_s_ludee trealment, utilisation and disposal) project 29.

Section 2.2 (Hide and skin processing wastes) prõject'71. -

I.I4 LAND DISPOSAL O \ryASTEWATERSee also Sectit¡n 1.7 (Lagoons and oxidation ponds) hoiect 19.

Section 2.7 (Woolscour and woollen'mill ri,,astei) project g5.Section 2.17 (General) Project 92.

åuckland-Rcgional \ilater 38 Suitability of Northland soils for spray irrigation of oxidation pondBoard and Rodney County eftluent.Council Location: Snells Beach, Rodney County.WaterResourcesEngineer

Slgiå,,1iüiJi0man-dayspeiyear.Publication: Intemal reports.

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Manawatu Regional WaterBoardK.J. Currie

Rangitikei-Wanganui RegionalWater BoardC.R. Fowles

DSIR (Chemistry Division)

I C.D. Stevenson

In collaboration with PublicHealth Engineering MinistrYof Works and DeveloPment,WairaraPa Catchment Board

DSIR (Freshwater SectionEcology Division)M.M. Gibbs

DSIR (Soil Bureau)C.W. Childs

V.A. Orchard

39 Investigations into the effects of land disposal of freezing works and

dairy fãctory effluents on groundwater'Location: Feilding, Tokomaru, Pahiatua, Te Rehunga'Commitment: Va-riable with work load'Duration: Unknown.Publication: lnternal rePort.

40 Monitoring of oxidation pond effluent after grass plot irrigation duringsummer months.Location: Marton.

i3JX""'" probabre)'

41 Assessment of a trial system for land application of municipal oxida-tion pond effluent.Location: Carterton.Commitment: 60 man-daYs Per Year.Duration: 197 +197 6 (Experimental).

C.D.: Wilcock, R.J.; Anderson, R.N.; Fox, E.G.; Cameron,ottaí¿ aoplication oîtreated sewage eflluent from Carterton

). N.Z. Jòurnal of Science 2l(4): 5'1J-9.

42Land application of secondary seYag-e effluentcollaboiåtion with Ministry of Agriculture andLocation: Wairakei.Commitment: 80 man-days per year (Chem. Div' only)'

on pumice soils (inFisheries).

Duration: 19'17-1979.

.; Wilcock, R.J., 1978: Water q-uality -changes

duringumice soil with treated sewage eflluent'. N.Z' lnstitutionTechnical Groups (Water) Volume 4.

43 Spray application of municipal oxidation pond effluent on a northernpodsol.Location: Mahurangi'Commitment: 100 man-daYs Per Year.Duration: 1978-1980.Completion: Begun June 1978.Publication: Published paper antic¡pated'

44Land disposal of treated sewage effluent'Location: Turangi'Duration: JanuarY 1977-1980.

45 Septic tank effluent distribution: efTluent direction and flow^pattern''- ã"å tI" éif"ctiveneis of the subsoils in removing nutrients from the

effluent.LocatiDuratiPublic m on a lakeshore -tempe e 20: 5542' Gibbs'

M.M. shore' N'Z'Journalof Science 20 (3): 255-43-

46 Soils as a tertiary stage for the treatment of sewage effluent'Location: Taita.Duration: ComPleted.puúfiä"iioni' sbil Brrrou Report 29. N'Z' Journal of Science 20: 4J3-1 '

47 Effect of irrigation with municipal water or sewage effluent on the

biology of so-il cores. Actinomycete flora'Location: Taita.Commitment: l0 man-daYs Per Year'Duration: Completed'ñrúlüti.r-' ó;¡irard, V.A. 1978: Effect of inigation with municipal water o-r sewage

årfiîå"ì òlìnã ¡-i"r"eí åi.äiíi,åià"-tn ectlnolmycete flora. N .Z'' Journal of Agricul-

tural Research 2l: 2l-3.

48 Effects of irrigation with municipal water or sewage effluent on the

biology of soil cores.Location: Taita'Completion: ComPleted'p;Èìì-;ti";l Stoùi, :.Ú. 1978: Effect of irrigation with mlnicipal water or sewage

Ëmf,iãttt àn tt è Uiológvãiso¡i õores. I and II. lV'. Z. JournalofAgricultural Research 2 l:l-20.

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Ministry of Agriculture andFisheries (WinchmoreIrrigation Research Station)B.F. Quin

lincolncollege(Microbiology) 52 Land disposal of meat works effluent.B,L. TeOh Commitment: 300 man-davs Der vear.

Durarion: Ending July 197g. '

F;tr't"iitï' fÄtil'åì,ïfi dî'ï: o' îî'ËJ::' o a n d w ri t i n g u p i n p ro gre s s'

Lin-coln College (Microbiology) 53 Investigati soil for the removal ofand Joint Centre for chemicãl s qmestic i"*ug. -Environmental Sciences, Conrracr: Ell on tsoard.University of Canterburv and LoLincoln Coltege " co l;d-1Ys Per Year.S'L' Hamei - 3å jiíl¡i^1,i.î::å,1,i13i.¿

una writing up in progress as ar 30 rune

lTlli.u,,o", MSc report (anticipated); Joint Centre for EnvironmentaÌ sciences.

Massey.University (Soil 54Disposal of dairy factory wastes onto permanent pasture.f"t"l"-Ð _ Contract: N.Z. Dairy Research Instirure.A.N. MacGregor Hffiîil|;,i6å";:l"tnrrt"".'ru1 fokomaru.

Duration: July 1971_Jone 1979 oâgoing.Publication: Internal report, thesis and published paper.1.15 INSTRUMENTATION AND AUTOMATION Or' WNSriiiVIrBN

TREATMENT SYSTEMSNo entries.I.16 HOUSEHOLD DISFOSAL SYSTEMSSee also Section 1.4 (Land disp 45.Auckland Regional \{aterBoard - ':"' fl;,ìi-åË:,ffiffi:i:3iiTf 'åììïìä.,iå;,îWater Resources Engineer

3:äiå';T:iir1o man'davs.

University of Auckland (Civil 56 Disposal of household and institutional waste waters via evapotrans-Engineering) piration seepage beds.I.W. Gunn Cmmitment: 20-30 man_days per year.

Completion: L^ong term monit-oring of performance of several systems to be installedduing t977-78

ültj;îj'""'"1"r;,:, l.w. 1976. Household wastewater disposal evapotranspiration

{ugtþd Regional AuthorÍty 57 A survey of domestic and commercial usage of garbage grinders in theE.G. Hutchinson Auckland region.

Commitment: 150 man-days.Duration: 1977.Completion: Report completed.

,"Jüo.T.ljäî',!ïBage grinder report. A.R.A. Research Advisôry Sub-commitree, oc-

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49 Evaluation of land disposal (spray irrigation) of untreated dairysludge effluent.!.ocation: Massey University.Completion: 1980.Publicatio,n: Disposal of milking shed effluent by spray irrigation of pasture: InterimReport. N.Z. Soil Bureau Recõrd 46.

50Removal of nutrients in harvested reed canarygrass (phalarisa r u n din ac e a) and ryegras s/clo ver plots irrigated wiih-tre ated sewageeffluent.Location: TeCommitment r.Ço.mpletíon: mpleted September I97g.Publications: ipàted for lÞzl.

51 gadon on grazed pasture with treated sew_al composition of the soil, pasture, drainage

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II INDUSTRIAL \ryASTES

2.I MEAT, FISH AND POULTRY PROCESSING \ilASTES

See also Section 1.3 (Characteristics of effluents a 6, 7.

Section l. 14 (Land disposal of wastewateSection 2.7 (Woolscour and woollen mill

azed pasture with freezing worksI comþosition of the soil, Pasture

nd groundwater.shburton.-days per year.entâl work to be completed December 1978.

ed paper anticipated for 1979.

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Meat Industry ResearchInstitute of N.Z. (Inc.)R.N. Cooper

T. Fernando

J. Heddle

59 Chemical treatment of meat works effluent with protein recovery.Completion: Completed.prUi'ilãtion, MIRIÑZ Nos 606,276, andin Proc.7th Biotech. Conf. Massey University1975. Paper submitted for publication.

60Evaluation of wedge wire screens for the treatment of meat workseffluents.Commitment: 60 man-daYs Per Year'Duration: February 1978-September 1978.Publication: To be published as MIRINZ report'

61 Determination of water use , waste loads and product loss from pointslowers in a meat works.Commitment: 120 man-daYs Per Year.Duration: On-going.Publication: To be published as MIRINZ report.

62Evaluation of electroflotation for the primary treatment of meatwastes.Commitment: 100 man-days per Year.Duration: May 1978-December 1978.Þu¡iiðation: To be published as internal report, possibly journal publication.

63 Recovery of blood from wastewater and protein from paunch liquidby ultrafiltration.Completion: Experimental work completed, writing up in progress'Publication: MIRINZ No 526. Published paper anticipated.

64 Anaerobic filter treatment of meat wastes.ys per year.

?r'i #¡"i,".i # li,Y."lil' : lJi,;.

65Activated sludge treatment of meat wastes with protein recovery.Commitment: 250 man-daYs Per Year.Duration: June 1975-June 1979'Publication: MIRINZ 616, paper submitted for publication.

66 Nitrification and denitrification of effluents from meat wastesanaerobic lagoons.Commitment: 250 man-daYs Per Year.Duration: October 1977-October 1978.Publication: Internal report and paper anticipated'

67 Oxygen uptake studies on meat wastes and the use of respirometry as

a research tool.Commitment: 200 man-daYs Per Year.Duration: Aoril l977-December 1979.Publication:'Published paper anticipated'

2.2 HIDE AND SKIN PROCESSING WASTES

See also Section 1.4 (Physical and chemical methods) Projects 8, 9.Section 2.t (Móat, t 58.

Section 2.7 (WoolsMinistry ãiÂg.l""itrie and the water quality of the UpperFisheries (FisheriesManagement Division)A.R. Kilner

Location: North Canterbury.

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Meat Industry ResearchInstitute of N.Z. (Inc.)R.N. Cooper

N.Z. Leather & Shoe ResearchAssociationI.G. Mason

See also Section L14 (LandMinistry of Agriculture andFisheries (WinchmoreIrrigation Research Station)B.F. Quin

Commitment: 30 man-days per year.Completion: Field work completed.Publlcation: lnternal report anticipated 1978.

69 Treatment of fellmongery effluents by a combined physio-chemicalprocess.Commitment: 250 man-days per year.Duration: October l972-December 1980.

Publication: MIRINZNo 3t7 andProc.2nd Symp. on Fellmongery Woste Trealmenl'Massey University 1977.

70 Evaluation of a laboratory scale biodisc unit for the treatment ofpelt-house effluent.Commitment: 150 man-days per year.Duration: September l977-May 1979.Completion: Experimental work continuing.Publication: Information available on request.

71 Recycling of hide unhairing-liming liquors.

., 1977: Recycling of unhairing liquors: aealher Tcc'hnicians, 8-9 November 1977:n, Palmerston North, New Zealand.

72Hair recovery from hide unhairing liquors.Commitment: 100 man-days per year.Duration: June 1978 onwards.Completion: Experimental work begun.Publication: Information available on request.

2.3 DAIRY FACTORY \ryASTESdisposal of wastes) Projects 38, 54.

Z¡ ttre effects of spray irrigation of pasture with dairy factory effluent onthe chemical cómposition of the pasture and drainage, and on thechemical and physical properties of the soil.Location: Clandeboye, Temuka.Commitment: l0 man-days per year.Completion: Not defrnite.Publitation: Two internal reports prepared I978. Data available on request.

2.4 LIVESTOCK WASTESSee also Section 1.7 (Lagoons and oxidation ponds) Projects 16, 18.

Section 1.8 (Anaerobic processes) Project 27.\ilairarapa Regional \ilater 74 Monitoring óf the effectiveness of anaerobic-aerobic dairy e_ffluent

Board treatment systems. (In co-operation with Ministry of Works andD.B. Wilmshurst Development, Trentham.)

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Location: Ruamahanga River catchment.

R'tf;t llìå'13]l"r?']i; reports anti cipare ..

Ministry of Agriculture and 75 The fate of sheep urine-nitiqg"n n surface-irrigated pasture in Can-Fisheries (\ilinchmore terburY.Irrigation Research Station) Commitment: 30 man-davs per year.

s.Fl Quin eted JulY 1979'of sheeþ urine-nitrogen on surface-irrigated

.a Ruakura "Nitrogen Workshop" printed inicipated for 1979.

T6Landuse and groundwater quality in mid-Canterbury'Location: Mid-Canterbury.Commitment: 30 man-daYs per Year. I

Completion: Experimental worli çompleted October 1978.Publication: Winchmore Technical Beport to be published late 1978.

2.5 PULP AND PAPER PRODUCTSNew Zæaland Forest Service 77 The composition of refiner pulp mill discharges and their effects on(Forest Research Institute, water quality'Rotorua) Completion: Finished. ' -.

J.A. Llóyd Publication: Two papers in press. .,

-"

J.M. Uprichard 78 Kraft mill flows: their contributio-flto mill effluent'Location: Rotorua/Kinleith.Commitment: 30 man-daYs Per Year. :

Duration: 3 years, not started.Publication: Internal report and published paper'

12

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v


2.6 FRUIT, VEGETABLE AND GRAIN PROCESSING WASTES

Rangitikei-Wanganui RegionalWater BoardM.J. Malone

2.7 \ryOOLSCOUR

P.E. Chisnall

University of Waikato(Biological Sciences)H.W. Morgan

Commitment: l0 man-days per Year.Duration: Continuing from 197-5.

Publication: Internal report.

AND WOOLLEN MILL WASTES

79 Monitoring ponded vegetable washing effluent dis'charges'Location: Waimarino.

s

See also Section 1.4 (Physical and Chemical methods) Project 10.

Section 1.6 (Section 1.7 ( s) Project 25.Section 1.9 ( and disposal) Project 34'

Hawkes Bay Regionat Industries - Tradewaste survey.Board Location: Awatoto - NaPier.

P,J. Liddeil 3:ffiì:',Ëi'ì',%#l?fi:ìåå1,1'"'Publication: Internal rePort.

Rangitikei-Wanganui Regional 8l Monitoring of woolscour rinsewater effluent discharge.\{ater Board Location: Kakariki.c.R. Fowles 3iäiå'fl'ðå;i;iîåì-or?äi,oiör'oi"''

Publication: Internal rePort.

Wool Research Organisation of 82 Alcohol destabilisation of wool scouring wastes.New Zealand - Finance: Carrying out acceptance trials of prototype plant at the lequest of the

G.v. Barker lå:åli#lä'-iltrË""f'åfi'J.iii:Commitment: i05 lan-days professional tì0 man-days technical per yeaÌ'Duration: J une-October.Completion: Report l97tÌ'Publication: Results on since tr¡als be¡ng carried out for DI'-C'i{ãwever ultimately qced by the Engineèring Consultants. the

Wool Scourer at Sa Z.

83 Wool scouring with reduced flowdown.Contract: New Zealand Wool Marketing Co-operative Association 'I'ima|u and de Spa

300 rnan-daYs technical Pcr Ycar'leted by Jtrne 1978.ternal publications anticipated.

84 Biological treatment of effluent produced from alcohol destabilisationplant.Location:Commitm sional Per Year.Duration: udy -- 1980' At l0 June 1978 initial planning com-menced.Publication: lnternal reports and published papers envisaged.

35Irrigation of woolConiract: Joint project , Wool Science Department at Lincoln and

the Ministry of Agricu lnvermaY.Location: Winchester,

ximatelY 40 man-daYs Per Year.llY comPleted b.Y 30 June l97ll-ions anticiPated.

86 Biodegradation of lipids and lipid wastes.Contract: Financed by University of Waikato.Location: UniversitY of WaikatoCommitment: 300 man-daYs.Duration: To mid-1980.Publication: None as Yet.

o

2.8 TEXTILE WASTESNo entries.See also Section 1.4 (Physical and chemical methods) Project

-10.Section t.9 (Sluãee treatment, utilisation and disp_osal) Project_34Section 2.7 (Woolscour and woollen mill wastes) Projects 82, 83, 84, 85.

2.9 FERMENTATION INDUSTRY _ PHARMACEUTICALS, SUGAR' CORN

No entries.See also Section 1.8 (Anaerobic processes) Project 26'

2.IO COAL AND COAL MINE DRAINAGE

No entries.

13


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'h ip 'o ell )u tic f :e¡ rer 97 Or rbr l9 ì.lo: tle tn ,Ãa c( tâ( er tbl he tnr :es )nr s r ei, d. wi in¡es :s se .ct i, r Lrd rdr in1 :or ne :ectl ca rn: .s I rli ra y I C nn sir fo ln rot tel al Ler :w.s rnt 'er :l pe T( tel Pt p )71 W .t, e w¡ e? oil ,ncIe,hwil.(62:t.

93 \c :p rb ty rf sc ar )( al d pr al ot ls le ra ,nlro rI rn y our ta or o /a à I velor ni1 en 5( lat lafur ior 19 t-) 18.ior rle rn: lol rleut :al ns St¿ :m Lt I \4 ka \ .le. Ar ror y I rnr rg rit ral,pr 19 l.

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ili r tdt.l R :hl ru


I

DSIR (Soil Bureau)N. Wells

Auckland Regional AuthoritYE.G. Hutchinson

New Zealand AluminiumSmelters LimitedEnvironmental ControlSupervisor

95 Removal of HzS and arsenic from geothermal dischargewaters.Location: Broadlands and Wairakei.Commitment: 100 man-days per year or more.

paPers. Rothbaum, H.P';recovery of arsenic fromiron-fl oc. DSIR C he mi s 1 ry

96 Utilisation of quarry and shingle crushing plant wastes'Location: Taita, Melling.Commitment: 100 man-daYs Per Year.Completion: Work comPleted.Publication: Soil Bureau rePort'

97 Treatability factors of trade wastes using biological filters'Commitment: 250 man-daYs Per Year.Duration: January 1978-March 1980.Completion: Experimental work begun.Publication: Internal reports.

98 Measurement of stormwater drains flow and an investigation of dis-persion characteristics in Awarua Bay and Bluff Harbour'Commitment: 29 man-daYs Per Year.Duration: November 1977 onwards.Completion: Flow measurement devices being investigated'Publication: Internal rePort'

38 Suitability of Northland soils for spl3y irrigation of. oxidation pondeffluent (oint project with Rodney County Council).

55 Testing of 2 Nopol package sewage treatment n-lagt¡: assessment of-- ;ññi"; un¿ -órnuãnt

qüalitv oi single housèhold unit and smallpackage plant.

80 Awatoto Wool Industries : tradewaste survey, effluent characteri sa-

tion.

B CLASSIFICATION BY ORGANISATION

I MINISTRY OF WORKS AND DEVELOPMENTMinistry of Works and 29The use of anaerobically digested sludge as a.conditioner for acid

il;Ë;-""t (Warer "rrA

So¡l roadside Uãti"r. and for õuUsóits and othér problem material required

Divisioin) for soil stabilisation and plant materials growth'W.H. Hambuechen(Whangarei)

II REGIONAL WATER BOARDS

cAuckland Regional WaterBoardWater Resources Engineer

Hawkes Bay Regional lVaterBoardP.J. Liddell

15


Manawatu Regional WaterBoardK.J. Currie

Rangitikei-\ilanganui Regional\ilater BoardC.R. Fowles

M.J. Malone

Wairarapa Regional WaterBoardD.B. Wilmshurst

DSIR (Chemistry Division)K.W. Dalzell

H.P. Rothbaum

C.D. Stevenson

DSIR (Freshwater SectionEcology Division)M.M. Gibbs

DSIR (Soil Bureau)C.W. Childs

V.A. Orchard

39 Investigations into the effects of land disposal of freezing works anddairy factory effluents on groundwater.

16 An evaluation of the effïciency and seasonal variation in petformanceof anaerobic-aerobic pond systems for dairy waste treatment.

17 Oxidation ponds effluent monitoring at Marton, Sanson, Bulls andHunterville.

40 Monitoring of oxidation pond effluent after grass plot irrigation duringsummer months.

8l Monitoring of woolscour rinsewater effluent discharge.

88 Monitoring metal extraction effluent discharge after pond treatment.

89 Monitoring of rubbish tip leachate discharge after pond treatment.

79 Monitoring ponded vegetable washing effluent discharges.

74 Monitoring of the effectiveness of anaerobic-aerobic dairy effluenttreatment systems. (In co-operation with Ministry of Works andDevelopment, Trentham),

37 Biodegradability of surfactants.

94 Stabilisation of silica and removal of arsenic from geothermal waters.

95 Removal of HzS and arsenic from geothermal discharge waters.

41 Assessment of a trial system for land application of municipal oxida-tion pond effluent.

42Land application of secondary sewage effluent on pumice soils.

43 Spray application of municipal oxidation pond eflluent on a northernpodsol.

g3Acceptability of discharge of ash disposal pond supernatant fromHuntly Power Station to Waikato River.

44Land disposal of treated sewage effluent.

,45 Septic tank effluent distribution: effluent direction and flow_pattern,anã the effectiveness of the subsoils in removing nutrients from theeffluent.

46 Soils as a tertiary stage for the treatment of sewage effluent.

30 The effect of sewage sludge amendments on the population ofNocardia in soil.

{l Etrect of irrigation with municipal water or sewage effluent on thebiology of soil cores. Actinomycete flora.

þ

III GOVERNMENTDEPARTMENTSCommission for the 92 Bibliography on waste nutrient utilisation.EnvironmentPhilip Tortell

Îf

c

16


J.D. Stout

N. Wells

48 Effect of irrigation with municipal water or sewage effluent on thebiology of soil cores.

49 Evaluation of land disposal (spray inigation) of untreated dairyshedeffluent.

3l Utilisation of sewage lagoon sludge for synthetic topso-il.

32 Utilisation of Singapore sewage sludge.

33Application of sewage lagoon sludge to pasture'

96 Utilisation of quarry and shingle crushing plant wastes.

68 Effect of fellmongery discharge on the water quality of the UpperKaiapoi River and on salmonid fish.

50Removal of nutrients in harvested reed canarygrass (Phalarisarundinaceq) and ryegrass/clover plots irrigated with treated sewageeffluent.

51 The effects of surface irrigation of grazed pasture with treated-sewageeffluent on the chemicafcomposiiion of the soil, pasture, drainagewater and groundwater.

58 The effects of surface irrigation of grazed pasture with freezingworks/fellmongery effluent õn the chemical water and groundwater.

73 The effects of th dairy factory effluent onthe chemical and drainage, and on thechemical and oil.

75 The fate of sheep urine-nitrogen on surface-irrigated pasture in Can-terbury.

76 Land use and groundwater quality in mid-Canterbury'

77 "lhe composition of refiner pulp mill discharges and their effects onwater quality.

TSKraft mill flows: their contribution to mill effluent.

ORGANISATIONS59 Chemical treatment of meat works effluents with protein recovery.

60 Evaluation of hedge wire screens for the treatment of meat workseffluents.

6l Determination of water use, waste loads and product loss from pointslowers in a meat works'

62 Evaluation of electroflotation for the primary treatment of meatwastes.

69 Treatment of fellmongery effluents by a combined physio-chemicalprocess.

o

Ministry of Agriculture andFisheries (FisheriesManagement Division)A.R. Kilner

Ministry of Agriculture andFisheries (WinchmoreIrrigation Research Station)B.F. Quin

New Zealand Forest Service(Forest Research Institute'Rotorua)J.A. Lloyd

J.M. Uprichard

IV RESEARCHMeat Industry ResearchInstitute of New TnalandR.N. Cooper

a

17


T. Fernando 63 Recovery of blood from waste water and protein from paunch liquidby ultraiiltration.

J. Heddle 35 Removal of nutrients from meat works anaerobic lagoon effluents byalgae.

64 Anaerobic filter treatment of meat wastes.

65 Activated sludge treatment of meat wastes with protein recovery,

66 Nitrification and denitrification of effluents from meat wastesanaerobic lagoons.

67 Oxygen uptake studies on meat wastes and the use of respirometry asa research tool.

J.M. Russell 6 Characterisation of meat works effluents. The fate of fat under vari-ous treatment processes.

7 Characterisation of meat works effluents. The relationships betweenCOD, organic carbon, protein and fat concentrations.

N.Z. Leather & Shoe Research 8 Further investigations into aspects of manganese catalysed sulphideAssociation oxidation.I.G. Mason

9 Chromium (3) removal from effluent using lime-polyelectrolyte dos-ing.

70 Evaluation of a laboratory scale biodisc unit for the treatment ofpelt-house effluent.

71 Recycling of hide unhairing-liming liquors.

72Hair recovery from hide unhairing liquors.

WoolResearchOrganisationof S2Alcohol destabilisation of wool scouring wastes.New ZæalandG.V. Barker

P.E. Chisnall 83 Wool scouring with reduced flowdown.

84 Biological treatment of effluent produced from alcohol destabilisationplant.

10 Ultra-filtration studies.

34 Sludge dewatering.

85 Irrigation of wool scouring wastes.

V T]NIVERSITIES

Lincoln College (Mcrobiology) 52 Land disposal of meat works effluent.ts.L. Teoh

Lincoln College (Microbiology) 53 Investigation of the use of Pinøs radiata forest soil for the removal ofand Joint Centre for chemical species and micro-organisms from domestic sewage.Environmental Sciences,University of Canterbury andLincoln College.S.L. Hames

18

o

D.B. Early

E.R. Jamieson

R.G. Stewart

o


I

Massev Universitv(Agricültural Enllneering)R.M. Clarke

Massey University(Biotechnology)V.F. Larsen

P.N. McFarlane

Massey University (SoilScience)A.N. MacGregor

University of Auckland (CivilEngineering)I.W. Gunn

University of CanterburY(Department of CivitEngineering)F. Wilson

University of OtagoM. Loutit

University of \ilaikato(Biological Sciences)H.W. Morgan

vI TERRITORIALAuckland Regional AuthoritYA. Haughey

E. G. Hutchinson

City of Invercargill (CliftonLaboratory)P.A. Rodmell

18 An engineering evaluation of alternative systems of dairy waste treat-

ment.

26 Anaerobic digestion of high strength industrial wasteb'

27 Anaerobic digestion under reduced pressure.

54 Disposal of dairy factory wastes onto permanent pasture'

56 Disposal of household and institutional waste waters via evapotranspÈration seepage beds.

3 The pollutional load of stormwater runoff.

13 Loading variations in small sewage works.

19 Fate of E. coliin oxidation ponds and in effluent irrigated onto pasture.

86 Biodegradation of lipids and lipid wastes.

LOCAL BODIES AND DRAINAGE BOARDS20 A study to investigate the growth rate and feg$ing requirements of the

short-finned eel uìder oxidation pond conditions'

90 Effect of Rosedale Road Refuse Facility on water quality in the otehaStream.

I Chemical treatment in sewers'

2 UV generation of ozone for use in sewage pumping stations'

2l A study to investigate the growth rate and recovery and effect ofTypht-tlt an oxidation Pond.

22 Recovery of septic oxidation ponds using chemical and physicalmeans,

23 Mechanically assisted highly-loaded oxidation ponds'

24 Survey of municipal oxidation ponds in the Auckland area'

28 An investigation into the pressure build-up in closed anaerobic diges-ter pipework.

57 A survey of domestic and commercial usage of garbage grinders in theAuckland region.

gTTreatability factors of trade wastes using biological filters.

14 Activated sludge pilot plant studies on domestic sewage with a highproportion of wool scour wastes.

25 Oxidation pond pilot plant studies on domestic sewage with a highproportion of wool scour wastes.

19


Dunedin D*rainage and 5 Effect of alum sludge from water treatment on sewage characteris-Sewerage Bo¡rd tics.Draínage Ëngineer

W-ellington City Corqoration 4 Design and operation of a swirl concentrator/regulator for sewage(lVorks Department-Drainage overñows.Division)M.A. Johnstone

M.H. Luo 12 Bio disc pilot treatment of wastewater.

15 Bench scale study of activated sludge treatment of landfill leachate.

9l Chemical treatment of landfrll leachate.

VII PRIVATEORGANISATIONSMurray-North Partners Ltd 36Pilot plant studies on effIuent filtration.(Rotorua)B.H. Underwood

New Zealand Aluminium ll Removal of calcium fluoride floc by sedimentation.Smelters Limited

,"1;åi-i?S""tal control 87 Treatment of cyanide wasre by oxidation with calcium hypochlorite.

98 Measurement of stormwater drains flow and an investigation of dis-persion characteristics in Awarua Bay and Bluff Harbõur.

0

20


¿\

C ADDRESSES OF CONTRIBUTORS

I IVIINISTRY OF WORKS AND DEVELOPMENT

Resident EngineerP.O. Box 641WHANGAREI

II REGIONAL \ryATER BOARDS

Auckland Regional rilater Board Hawke's Bay Regional Water BoardC/- Auckland Regional Authority P.O. Box 233Private Bag NAPIERAUCKLAND

Rangitikei-Wanganui Catchment BoardManawatu Regional Water Board P.O. Box 92P.O. Box 2043 MARTONPALMERSTON NORTH

Wairarapa Regional Water BoardP.O. Box 4lMASTERTON

III GOVERNMENTDEPARTMENTS

Commission for the Environment Chemistry DivisionP.O. Box ll-244 DSIRWELLINGTON Private Bag

PETONEFreshwater SectionEcology Division Soil BureauDSIR DSIRP.O. Box 415 Private BagTAUPO LOWER HUT'T

Fisheries Management Division Winchmore Irrigation Research StationMinistry of Agr.iculture and Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and FisheriesPrivate Bag Private BagWELLINGTON ASHBURTON

Forest Research InstituteNZ Forest ServicePrivate BagROTORUA

Iv RESEARCH ORGAhIISATIONS

Meat Industry Research Institute NZ Leather and Shoe Research AssociationP.O. Box 617 Private Bag -HAMILTON PALMERSTONNORTH

Wool Research Organisation of NZPrivate BagCHRISTCHURCH

21


f tt'

V T'NIVER.SNTES

Lincoln CollegeCANTERBURY

Massey UniversityPALMERSTON NORTH

University of AucklandPrivate BagAUCKLAND

University of OtagoP.O. Box 56DUNEDIN

VI TERRITORIAL LOCAL BODIES

Auckland Regional AuthorityPrivate BagAUCKLAND

Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage BoardP.O. Box 5045DUNEDIN

VII PRIVATEORGANISATIONS

Murray-North Partners LtdP.O. Box 9041HAMILTON

iE rG-

University of Canterburyhivate BagCHRISTCHURCH

University of WaikatoPrivate BagHAMILTON

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¿

AND DRAINAGE BOARDS

Corporation of the City of InvercargillP.O. Box 7INVERCARGILL

Wellingf on City CorporationP.O. Box 2199WELLTNGTON

NZ Aluminium Smelters LtdPrivate BagINVERCARGILL

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P.D. HASSELBERG, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, IVELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND_ I98O

-- r - -v F


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WATER AND SOIL MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS

1. Rainfalls and floods of Cyclone Alison, March 1975'on the north-eastern Ruâhine Range ($t-OO)P J Gxant, N V Hø'tkins' W C'hristie

2. tlater quality research in New Zealand 1977 ($Z-SO¡eornpíLed by SaLLY F Dauis

3. Liquid and waterborne wastes research in New Zealandre77 ($z-oo¡eompíLed by SaLLy F DaÐ¿s

4. Synthetic detergents working party report ($t-OO¡

5. hlater quaf ity control cormittee report ($t-OO¡

6. Suggestions for developing flow recommendations for in-streamuies of New Zealand streams ($t-OO)J C Eraser

7. Index to hydro'logical recording stations in New ZealandLe78 ($z-oo¡

8. Water rights for the Clyde Dam, Clutha hydro powerdevelopment ($t-SO¡

9. Index to hydro'logicaì recording stations in New ZealandLeTs ($z-oo¡

10. l,'later qua'li ty research i n New Zeal and 1978

11. Liquid and waterborne wastes research in New Zealand 1978

L2. Catchment register for New Zealand. Volume 1

13. New Zealand Recreational River Survey. Volure IIntroducti onGDandJHEgarr

14. New Zealand Recreational River Survey. Volume 2

North Island riversGDandJHEgarn

15. New Zealand Recreational River Survey. Volunre 3

South Island riversGDand.JHEgarr

16. Wairnea East Irrigation Scherne information

L7. Hawke's Bay Area Planning Study: UrbanassessmentG 0 EyLes, J H Lø')renee, D R DepLedge,G N Thornpson, P E SchofíeW, K N Murnay

'18. Index to hydroìogical recording stations

book'let ($2-s0)

capabi I i ty

I W ManshaLL,( $+-oo¡

in New Zealand 1980( $z-oo¡

1978

7978

1978

1978

1978

1978

1978

L979

1979

1980

1980

in press

i n press

in press

in press

1980

1980

1980

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