Manning et al ICP Final - NIWA

Andrew Manning, UEA/ENV ([email protected]) GGMT, Wellington, New Zealand, 25‐28Oct2011

The ‘Cucumbers’ and ‘GOLLUM’ programmes – eight years of cylinder intercomparison measurements of greenhouse gases and O2

A. C. Manning1, A. Jordan2, R. F. Keeling3, I. Levin4, M. Schmidt5, R. E. M. Neubert6, A. J. Etchells1, M. Hewitt1, B. Steinberg2, T. Aalto7, F.

Apadula8, J. Arduini9, M. L. Bender10, K. Bracchi3, G. W. Brailsford11, W. A. Brand2, A. C. Cox3, M. Delmotte5, A. Di Diodato12, B. Hall13, S.

Hammer4, L. Haszpra14, J. Hatakka7, L. Huang15, V. Kazan5, D. Kitzis13, R. L. Langenfelds16, J. V. Lavrič2, M. Leuenberger17, A. Lindroth18, M.

Lopez5, T. Machida19, F. Meinhardt20, J. Moncrieff21, J. A. Morguí22, T. Nakazawa23, J. Necki24, W. J. Paplawsky3, S. Piacentino25, J. M. Richter2, L. Ries20, T. G. Spain26, L. P. Steele16, B. B. Stephens27,11, J. Strom28, Y. Tohjima19, S. van der Laan6,17, A. T. Vermeulen29, B. Wastine5, P. A.

Wilson1 and D. E. J. Worthy15

of 28Andrew Manning, UEA/ENV ([email protected]) GGMT, Wellington, New Zealand, 25‐28Oct2011

Talk outline What are these programmes?

Some data and results.

What next?


1) GOLLUM:Global Oxygen Laboratories Link Ultra‐precise Measurements‐ First ever O2 intercomparison programme (of more than 2 labs); since 2004.

2) ‘Cucumbers’:‐ emphasis on field stations and rapid turnaround to build up ICP time series.‐ funded by EU’s CarboEurope, IMECC, and InGOS projects; since 2005.


What is unique about these programmes GOLLUM:

– Only comparison programme including all atmospheric O2 labs.• Especially critical since there is no WMO CCL for O2.

– Also includes Ar/N2, though not many report these data.

Cucumbers:– Much more frequent analyses than WMO Round Robins (but less global).

• Participants analyse Cucumbers every 9 months (on average).– Focussed on in situ field stations, in contrast to labs.– 9 atmospheric species included

• CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, CO, H2, O2, 13C‐CO2, 18O‐CO2


BilboBilbo

FrodoFrodo

MPI-BGC

CIO-RUG

NIWA

CMAR

TU

NCAR

SIO

PU

UEANIES

UBERN

• 2 sets of 3 high pressure cylinders of air

• Travelling in opposite directions around world

• Rapid turnover time (5 weeks)

•About 18 months for full rotation.

GOLLUM rotations

Inter-1: 3 Tanks (UEA)Inter-2: 3 Tanks (UEA)

Euro-1: 3 Tanks (UHEI)Euro-2: 3 Tanks (LSCE)Euro-3: 3 Tanks (CIO-RUG)Euro-4: 3 Tanks (MPI-BGC)Euro-5: 3 Tanks (MPI-BGC)

INTERINTER--22 EUROEURO--22

EUROEURO--11

INTERINTER--11

EUROEURO--33

CIO-RUGEUROEURO--44

CMN

TTA

ZEP

PRS

LAM

OXK

LUT

JFJ

BIK

MHD

PUY

HUN

TRN

PAL

KASEUROEURO--55

UHEI

HYY

EnCan

CMAR

NIES NOAA

UBERN

MPI-BGC

MUE

CBW

SCH

ZUG

UEA-ENV+ WAO

LSCE

NOR

Cucumbers rotations


BilboBilbo

FrodoFrodo

MPI-BGC

CIO-RUG

NIWA

CMAR

TU

NCAR

SIO

PU

UBERN

UEANIES

CVR

MSC

JFJAMS

F3IVI

GandalfGandalf

CVR

IVI F3

CVR

IVI

GOLLUM rotations


http://gollum.uea.ac.uk/


http://cucumbers.uea.ac.uk/


Logsheets for submitting data


New ASCII text file for submitting data Allows automated generation of files for submission by participants.

Should result in much, much less errors and mistakes!!

And big reduction in manpower requirements.


Results Would love to show you lots of results and interpretations from these programmes but:

– Since 01Oct I have received 116 logsheets of data.• 1/2 to 2/3 of logsheets received had errors and mistakes.

– Takes weeks and 10’s of emails to sort out these problems.

Instead:– Some example graphs

• Illustrates wealth of information available• But please don’t read too much into any individual station/lab’s record.


GOLLUM: Everyone: avg of 3 cylinders, differenced from Scripps2004


GOLLUM: Groningen O2


GOLLUM: Max Planck O2


GOLLUM: NIES O2


Cucumbers: Everyone: avg of 3 cylinders, differenced from central lab


Cucumbers: Everyone: CH4


Cucumbers: Everyone: N2O


Cucumbers: Everyone: SF6


Cucumbers: Everyone: CO


Conclusions from these results Mixed results:

– CO2 and CH4, lots, but not all, stations meeting WMO compatibility goals.– Other species much worse (but labs also struggle).– Value of these programmes is:

• simply to quantify these compatibilities – had never been done before.• Highlight struggling stations that need our help.• Identify problems, allowing action to be taken (but not as fast as desired).

Compatibility results change over time, so important to do rotations as fast as possible– 9 months is not really fast enough for this.

Results show compatibility for cylinder analyses– not for in situ measurement.– Does not incorporate all sources of in situ measurement uncertainty (inlets, tubing,

pumps, drying).


CarbonTracker‐Europe; Peters et al., GCB (2010)


CarbonTracker‐Europe; Peters et al., GCB (2010) Sensitivity studies; for year 2005:

7‐340‐73(43%)‐96(‐190%)‐172(‐59%)T2

‐2‐375‐53(4%)182(70%)‐504(19%)O4

‐69‐618‐33(‐35%)‐50(‐147%)‐534(27%)O3

‐7‐392‐32(‐37%)44(‐59%)‐404(‐4%)O2

0‐367‐53(4%)167(56%)‐480(14%)F29‐333‐59(16%)200(87%)‐473(12%)D2

‐46‐535‐69(35%)75(‐30%)‐541(28%)B3

21‐291‐46(‐10%)78(‐27%)‐322(‐24%)B2

‐16‐423‐71(39)124(16%)‐476(13%)B1/M2

0‐366‐51107‐422base(%)Tg C/yrTg C/yrTg C/yrTg C/yr

DeviationTotalOtherCropForestSimulation


Upgrades in progress and planned for near future ASCII text files accepted

Automated logsheet error checking

Automated email bugging!!

Include numerical data tables on web of inter‐laboratory offsets

Sausage flask results processed and on web (GOLLUM)

Add new ‘Gandalf’ rotation (GOLLUM)

Cylinder pressure histories

Archive old versions

Improve time axis labelling.


GOLLUM: Cylinder pressure histories


Programmes at a crossroads – should we continue? GOLLUM will continue, as O2 community want this.

– If Cucumbers programme dropped, should at least continue Euro‐3 (O2 stations) and Inter‐2 (European and international labs).

Unclear if Cucumbers programme should continue, especially after chats at this mtg

No point in continuing if data are not used– Participants need to have an interest in their own results.– Participants need to submit data on time, not once every 2 years just before GGMT.– Discussions needed how to make use of these data at a higher level.– WCC’s and EMPA to help stations that are clearly struggling (Recommendation?)

Manning et al ICP Final - NIWA

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