Warm Up: Tuesday, August 21st Respond in FULL Sentences:

Who was your favorite super-hero growing up?

Why was he/she your favorite super-hero?

What qualities does a super-hero have that distinguishes them from “regular” people?

The Culture of Classical Greece

Daily Life Classical AthensLargest population

at the timeSlavery was common

Most people owned at least one

State owned slaves worked on public projects

Most residents of Athens were not citizens

Economy and SocietyEconomy based on farming and

tradeGrapes, veggies, fruit, sheep, milk, dairy

productsExported olive oil and wineImported 50-80 percent of grain

FamilyHusband, wife, children, slaves, other

dependantsProducing children was main goal

WomenWomen were

excluded from public life Had to have male

companion to leave house

Work in house or supervise slaves who worked in home

Could not own property or other personal items

Only worked outside home if poor

Male guardians No formal education

Greek ReligionGreek religion was

fundamental to Greek society and is remembered today for the Olympic Games and Greek drama, which were part of religious festivals

Religion necessary to well-being of state

Temples major building in Greek cities

12 chief gods lived on Mt. Olympus

Gods and Religion • Spirits of most people went to

Underworld ruled by god Hades• Rituals with prayers and gifts

– I gave to you, you will give to me

• Festivals to honor gods/goddesses– Olympic festival 776 B.C.

• Oracles revealed future from gods– Priest or priestess– Apollo at Delphi most famous

Myths- Why are they created? Greeks Create Myths

Greeks develop their own myths – traditional stories about gods

Greeks seek to understand mysteries of life through myths

Greeks attribute human qualities – love, hate, jealousy – to their gods

King of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus, and god of

the sky and thunder, in Greek mythology. His symbols are the thunderbolt, bull, eagle

and the oak.

He was married to the goddess Hera, although he

was not very faithful.

The Roman name for Zeus is Jupiter.

god of the sea, as well as of horses and, as "Earth-Shaker", of earthquakes.

Roman name is Neptune

The god of the dead

Hades was the ruler of the Greek Underworld (which itself is sometimes confusingly referred to as "Hades" also). In mythology, he was the brother of Zeus and Poseidon Roman Name is Pluto

Hestia is the Greek goddess of the hearth fire, hence presiding over domestic life. She swore a vow of eternal chastity.

Wife and older sister of Zeus. She also presided as goddess of marriage and childbirth.

Writers represented Hera as constantly being jealous of Zeus's various amorous affairs. She punished her rivals and their children, among both goddesses and mortals, with implacable fury.

Roman name is Juno

son of Zeus (king of the gods) and Hera. Though often incorrectly referred to as the Olympian god of war, he is more accurately the god of savage war, or bloodlust.

Roman name is Mars

goddess of civilization, specifically wisdom, weaving, crafts and the more disciplined side of war (violence and bloodlust were Ares' domain).

Was the patron goddess of AthensRoman name is Minerva

archer-god of medicine and healing, light, truth, archery and is a god of

music and poetry

Frequently referred to as the god of the sun.

Roman name is also Apollo

goddess of love, lust, beauty, and sexuality. Her Roman equivalent is the goddess Venus.

Hermes is the messenger from the gods to humans

Roman name is Mercury

Virgin goddess of the hunt and the wild. .She was the twin sister of Apollo

Roman name was Diana

Pandora ("all gifted") was the first woman

Zeus ordered Hephaestus to make her as part of the punishment of mankind for Prometheus' theft of the secret of fire. According to the myth, Pandora opened a container releasing all the miseries of mankind— greed, vanity, slander, envy, pining—leaving only hope inside.

The Greeks began the practice of performing plays in outdoor amphitheatres.

Theatre began as a festival worshipping Dionysus, the god of wine and fertility, but evolved into the art form we

are familiar with today.

A group of actors, called the chorus, stood on stage and talked about what was happening in the play.

Only men were allowed to be actors.

The actors wore large masks, perhaps with amplification devices in them, perhaps so that it was easy to tell the

emotion of the actor by looking at their mask.

Tragedy and Comedy were the two areas of Greek theatre

Apollo at Delphi

Classical Greek Arts and LiteratureGreece produced groundbreaking

art and literature that is still considered relevant.

Based on religion, no longer practiced

Passed down by RomansHuman being object of great beauty

Architecture and SculptureTemple most important

Originally made of wood, 5th century B.C. marble

Open structuresParthenon

Built 447-432 B.C. God Athena Calmness, clarity, and freedom from unnecessary

detail.

Sculpture: human ideal figure

Inside the Parthenon

Architecture

The Classical Orders

The three classical orders are:DoricIonicCorinthia

n

Designs of Greek Temples

Grander temples, like the Parthenon, had both a front and back porch, as well as a colonnade surrounding the entire structure.

Reconstruction of the Parthenon in

Nashville.

Important Greek Structures

The Acropolis, the Propylaea, the Temple of Athena Nike,

the Parthenon, and the Erectheum

The AcropolisThe most

famous Greek buildings topped the Athenian Acropolis.

The Propylea

Temple of Athena Nike

The Erechtheum

The most distinctive element of this building is the Porch of the Maidens.

Influence on the World

Greek architecture had a lasting impact on the world.

The Romans adopted it as an ideal, but modified it to meet their practical needs.

In the United States

The Supreme Court of the United States

Amphi- means "around" in Greek.

Amphi-theatres are "theatres in the round"

Amphitheaters

Amphitheaters in America

The theater was shaped with a half circle or orchestra space in front of the stage.

The structure was built into a hillside and the wall behind the stage structure was relatively low.

To solve the problem of lighting and sound - the theaters were outdoors.

Dodoni was a vital center from about 2000 BC and flourished well into the Roman times.

Theaters

Dodoni Ancient Greek Theater, Northwest Greece

Orchestra: The orchestra (literally, "dancing space") was normally circular.

Theatron: The theatron (literally, "viewing-place") is where the spectators sat.

Skene: The skene (literally, "tent") was the building directly behind the stage.

Parodos: The parodoi (literally, "passageways") are the paths by which the chorus and some actors made their entrances and exits.

Greek Theaters

An arch is a curved structure capable of spanning a space while supporting significant weight.

The arch was developed in Ancient Greece and later refined in Ancient Rome.

Arches were used by for underground structures such as drains and vaults.

The ancient Romans were the first to use them widely above ground.

Arches

The Arch of Constantine; background right, the Colosseum.

Arches in America

Roman monuments were constructed using the arch and had the details carved into them.

The arch was usually very big and was a prominent feature of the skyline of the town in which it was located.

Monuments

Arch of Constantine315 A.D.

Monuments in America

Aqueducts in America

Cabin John Bridge, Washington Aqueduct, Washington, DC, 1852

Croton Aqueduct,New York City, NY, 1842

•Provide clean water to the growing city.

Bath Houses

Aqueducts provided the water to the public baths.

Heated and cooled baths.

Dirty water was replaced with clean water.

Exercise and message rooms were available.

What makes a hero activity?Pick someone that you find to be your hero

(dead or alive, famous or non-famous)Answer the following questions in a paragraph

explaining what makes them a heroHow do they strive for “arete” or excellence? How do they preserve their honor and

reputation?How do they work hard to earn their reputation? Why you are proud of them?

This will be due this Friday!!!