Wakefulness and Sleep
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Transcript of Wakefulness and Sleep
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The RhythmsO Circannual: migrated bird
O Circadian: human and some animal 24 hour
rhythms
O Affected by zeitgeber factor:
O Light Jet lag memory impairment
O Noise
O Meal
O Temperature
O Exercise
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Human Circadian RhythmsO Sleeping
O Eating
O DrinkingO Urinating
O Body Temperature
O Hormone
O Sensitivity to Drug
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Mechanism of Biological Clock
O Regulated in Hypothalamus partSuprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)Sleep and
body temperature
O RetinaSCN
O Melatonin productionin the night by pineal gland
O Histamine production
in noon
O
Receptor in Retina:O Opsinslinked to vitamin A
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Sleep
O Sleep is a state that the brain actively produces,characterized by a moderate decrease in brain
activity and decreased response to stimuli.
O During sleep: muscle rest, decrease metabolism,
rebuild proteins in the brain, reorganizesynapses, and strengthen memories
O Depriving of sleep: trouble concentrating and
become more vulnerable to illness.
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Sleep
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Sleep
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Sleep Stage
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Sleep Stage
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REM
O Increase activity in pons and limbic system important for emotional
O Pons
O produce PGO (Pons-Geniculate-Occipital) waves
same waves produced during hallucinationO Inhibiting the impulse to the motor neuron esp by
GABA
O Serotonin and norepinephrine interrupt REM
O Acetylcholine increase the wakefulness duringREM
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Dream
O Mostly occurs during REMmore likely toremember the dream if they are awakened during
the REM phase.
O Few seconds, or as long as twenty minutes
Average person: 3 to 5 dreams per night2hours of it is spent dreaming6 years during
lifespan
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Insomnia
O Caused bymany condition:
O Shift in
circadian
rhythms
O Abnormality of
brain
O Depression
O Allergy
O Tranquilizer
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Sleep Apnea
O Impaired ability tobreath ( 1 minutes)
wake up gasping
breathlost of
neuron in some place
cause deficienciesof learning, reasoning,
attention, and impulse
control.
O Caused by: genetic,
hormone, old age,
obesity
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Narcolepsy
O Caused by: lack of orexinO Symptoms:
O Gradual or sudden attacks of sleepiness duringthe day.
O Occasional cataplexyan attack of muscleweakness while the person remains awaketriggered by strong emotions, such as anger orgreat excitement.
O Sleep paralysisan inability to move while fallingasleep or waking up.
O Hypnagogic hallucinations
dreamlikeexperiences that the person has troubledistinguishing from reality
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Other Sleep Disorder
O Periodic Limb Movement Disorder: kickingduring or before sleep NREM
O REM Behavior Disorderacting out the dream
O Night terrorwaking up with terrorNREM
O Sleep walking and sleep talkingstage 3 orstage 4
