Variability of Stripe Rust on Occurrence in

Tigray, Ethiopia

Teklay Abebe, Worku D, Getaneh W

Plant Pathology Researcher

April 28 to May 02/2014, Izmir, Turkey

2nd INTERNATIONAL WHEAT STRIPE RUST

SYMPOSIUM

Introduction

Potential threats and epidemics

The spatial and temporal variability

The performance of wheat genotypes

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

2

Presentation outline

Wheat belt areas3

Introduction

Area and production trend of wheat

0

1

2

1997 2005 2013

0.771.44 1.7

Area (ha)4

t/ha

Staple & strategic for achieving food security

Largest producer in SSA

About 4MMT is produced by 5m HHs SSF

Tigray : >0.21 m tones by over 0.5m HHS

Productivity on Model farmers (5-6t/ha)

Potential constraints to wheat production5

Wheat rusts Pathogen Yield loss (%)

Stripe rust Puccinia striiformis 58-100

Stem rust P. graminis 67-100

Leaf rust P. recondita Up to 75

Septoria Leaf blotch

Mycosphaerella graminicola/Zymoseptoria tritici

92

Recurrent rust epidemics

Year Rusts Varieties Gene

1988 Stripe rust Dashen Yr9

1993/4 Stem rust Enkoy Sr 36

2010 Stripe rust Kubsa, Galama Yr27

2013 Stem rust Digalu SrTmp

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Stripe rust epidemics in 2010 7

Ethiopia experienced the largest

stripe rust epidemics

About 600,000 ha affected

Over $3 million worth of

fungicides were distributed

Kubsa & Galema’s resistance

broke ( Yr27 virulent race)

Tigray :Almost free of the

epidemics

Distribution of stripe rust 8

Epidemic

Disease severity of stripe rust9

Altitude (m): 1551-3000

Temp. : 5-28oC RF: 450-1200mm

Varieties Pre (%)

Incidence (%) Severity (%)

Range Mean Range Mean Kubsa 100 5-100 70 20-100 71.1 MSSLocal 46.7 0-100 38 40-100 61.4MSSDashen 100 20-100 20 25-25 25SShinna 80 0-20 11.7 20-30 26.3MRSDigelu 41.7 0-15 5.3 15-30 22.5MRMS???Kekeba 30 0-50 6.6 5-25 20MRSDanda'a 16.7 10 10 15 15MRMS

Hawi 37.5 0-50 15.6 0-70 20SShorima 0 0 0 0 0Mekelle1,2,3 & 4 0 0 0 0 0(Stem Rust??)

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No. Variety Response No. Variety Response  1 Laketch 0(20S) 48 Kulkulu 10MR  2 Romany BC 0 49 Bolo 0(50MS)  33 Kenya NyagumeKenya Nyagume 15MR15MR 50 Danda’a 20MS  

44 Kenya LeopardKenya Leopard 30MS30MS 51 Kakaba 15MR  

55 Africa MayoAfrica Mayo 40MS40MS 5252 HogganaHoggana 30MS30MS  6 Trophy 0 53 Shorima 20MR  7 Bounty 0(10S) 54 Huluka 10MR  8 Bonny 0(10S) 55 Quaiu#2 50MS  9 Frontach 0 56 Galil 0  10 Kenya Kudu 0(5MS) 5757 JeferssonJefersson 30MS30MS  11 Kenya Plume 0(10MS) 58 Arendeto 0  12 Dereselgne 0 59 Hitossa 10MR  13 Enkoy 0 60 Werer 0  

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Cont’d

No. Variety Response No. Variety Response  14 K6290 Bulk 0 6161 DenbiDenbi 30S30S  15 K6295-4A 10MR 62 Selam 0  16 ET13A2 0 63 Megenagna 017 Pavon 76 0(90S) 64 Mettaya 0  1818 DashenDashen 100S100S 65 Ejerssa 10MR  19 Mitikie 0 66 Felakit 0  2020 GalemaGalema 100S100S 67 Malefia 40MR  AA MoroccoMorocco 100S100S 68 Mossobo 0  BB PBW343PBW343 20MS20MS 6969 ToltuToltu 10MS10MS   CC KubsaKubsa 100S100S 70 Obssa 0  21 Wabe 0 71 Lellisso 0  2222 AbolaAbola 70S70S 72 Tate 10R  2323 MegalMegal 40MS40MS 73 Bakalcha 0  24 Tusie 0(30MR) 74 Uda 0(10MS)  

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Cont’dCont’d

No. No. Variety Variety Response No.No. VarietyVariety Response   

2626 ShinnaShinna 20MS20MS 76 Illani 0  

27 Tura 0 7777 Local RedLocal Red 50S50S  

28 Hawi 10MS 78 HAR 727 0  

29 Maddawalabu 0 79 HAR 723 0(100S)  

30 Simba 0 80 HAR 934 0(70S)  

31 Sofumer 0(40S) 81 HAR 1018 0  

32 Watera 15MR 82 HAR 820 15MS  

33 Dodota 0 83 HAR 1407 0  

34 Dure 0 84 HAR 1331 0  

35 KBG-01 0(80S) 85 HAR 719 0(100S)  

36 Sirbo 0 86 Lassik (-Yr5) 0  

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Cont’dCont’d

14No. Variety Response No. Variety Response  37 Bobicho 15MR 87 Patwin 0  38 Tossa 0 88 UC1600-Kern 0  

39 Digalu 5MR 89 Clear white 0  40 Meraro 0(10MS) 90 Lassik (+Yr5) 0  41 Senkegna 0(10S) 91 UC110 0  42 Tay 0 92 Kern 0  43 Sulla 0 93 UC1107 0  44 Alidoro 0 94 Roelfs F2007 0  45 Millennium 0(30MS) 95 ETBW5795 0  46 Dinknesh 0 96 ETBW5520 0  47 Menze 0(50MS) 97 Local 0  

Reaction of YR differential hostsReaction of YR differential hostsDIFFERENTIALS YR GENE ResponseYR5/6*AOC CX86.6.1.20  Yr5 0YR10/6* Avocet S  Yr10  0YR15/6* Avocet S  Yr15 0(85S)YR26/3*AOC CX96.17.1.  Yr26 0(80S)YRSP/6*AOC CX94.14.1.15  YrSP 0(70S)YR1/6*Avocet S Yr1 40MSYR6/6*AOC CX94.2.2.25 Yr6 80SYR7/6* Avocet S Yr7 100SYR8/6* Avocet S Yr8 10MRYR9/6* Avocet S Yr9 100SYR17/3*AOC CX94.8.1.25 Yr17 70SYR18/3*AOC CX94.10.1.7 Yr18 60MSYR27/3*AOC CX94.19.1.1 Yr27 50MSAVOCET R YrA 10MRAVOCET S 100SMorocco 100S

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Concluding remarks

Recurrent wheat rusts (stripe rust) epidemics is a key constraint to

Ethiopian farmers and beyond

The breakdown of resistance is a common after two or three years

of cultivation

Adaptation to warmer climate (Climate change) widening

epidemics

The development & deployment of resistance + IDM is of concern

Establishments and strengthening of molecular labs & C. Building

National, regional and international collaboration & networking

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Acknowledgements

ICARDA

TARI

EAAPP/KULUMSA ARC

DRRW/AMBO PPRC

EIAR

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