Variability of Stripe Rust on Occurrence in
Tigray, Ethiopia
Teklay Abebe, Worku D, Getaneh W
Plant Pathology Researcher
April 28 to May 02/2014, Izmir, Turkey
2nd INTERNATIONAL WHEAT STRIPE RUST
SYMPOSIUM
Introduction
Potential threats and epidemics
The spatial and temporal variability
The performance of wheat genotypes
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
2
Presentation outline
Wheat belt areas3
Introduction
Area and production trend of wheat
0
1
2
1997 2005 2013
0.771.44 1.7
Area (ha)4
t/ha
Staple & strategic for achieving food security
Largest producer in SSA
About 4MMT is produced by 5m HHs SSF
Tigray : >0.21 m tones by over 0.5m HHS
Productivity on Model farmers (5-6t/ha)
Potential constraints to wheat production5
Wheat rusts Pathogen Yield loss (%)
Stripe rust Puccinia striiformis 58-100
Stem rust P. graminis 67-100
Leaf rust P. recondita Up to 75
Septoria Leaf blotch
Mycosphaerella graminicola/Zymoseptoria tritici
92
Recurrent rust epidemics
Year Rusts Varieties Gene
1988 Stripe rust Dashen Yr9
1993/4 Stem rust Enkoy Sr 36
2010 Stripe rust Kubsa, Galama Yr27
2013 Stem rust Digalu SrTmp
6
Stripe rust epidemics in 2010 7
Ethiopia experienced the largest
stripe rust epidemics
About 600,000 ha affected
Over $3 million worth of
fungicides were distributed
Kubsa & Galema’s resistance
broke ( Yr27 virulent race)
Tigray :Almost free of the
epidemics
Distribution of stripe rust 8
Epidemic
Disease severity of stripe rust9
Altitude (m): 1551-3000
Temp. : 5-28oC RF: 450-1200mm
Varieties Pre (%)
Incidence (%) Severity (%)
Range Mean Range Mean Kubsa 100 5-100 70 20-100 71.1 MSSLocal 46.7 0-100 38 40-100 61.4MSSDashen 100 20-100 20 25-25 25SShinna 80 0-20 11.7 20-30 26.3MRSDigelu 41.7 0-15 5.3 15-30 22.5MRMS???Kekeba 30 0-50 6.6 5-25 20MRSDanda'a 16.7 10 10 15 15MRMS
Hawi 37.5 0-50 15.6 0-70 20SShorima 0 0 0 0 0Mekelle1,2,3 & 4 0 0 0 0 0(Stem Rust??)
10
No. Variety Response No. Variety Response 1 Laketch 0(20S) 48 Kulkulu 10MR 2 Romany BC 0 49 Bolo 0(50MS) 33 Kenya NyagumeKenya Nyagume 15MR15MR 50 Danda’a 20MS
44 Kenya LeopardKenya Leopard 30MS30MS 51 Kakaba 15MR
55 Africa MayoAfrica Mayo 40MS40MS 5252 HogganaHoggana 30MS30MS 6 Trophy 0 53 Shorima 20MR 7 Bounty 0(10S) 54 Huluka 10MR 8 Bonny 0(10S) 55 Quaiu#2 50MS 9 Frontach 0 56 Galil 0 10 Kenya Kudu 0(5MS) 5757 JeferssonJefersson 30MS30MS 11 Kenya Plume 0(10MS) 58 Arendeto 0 12 Dereselgne 0 59 Hitossa 10MR 13 Enkoy 0 60 Werer 0
11
Cont’d
No. Variety Response No. Variety Response 14 K6290 Bulk 0 6161 DenbiDenbi 30S30S 15 K6295-4A 10MR 62 Selam 0 16 ET13A2 0 63 Megenagna 017 Pavon 76 0(90S) 64 Mettaya 0 1818 DashenDashen 100S100S 65 Ejerssa 10MR 19 Mitikie 0 66 Felakit 0 2020 GalemaGalema 100S100S 67 Malefia 40MR AA MoroccoMorocco 100S100S 68 Mossobo 0 BB PBW343PBW343 20MS20MS 6969 ToltuToltu 10MS10MS CC KubsaKubsa 100S100S 70 Obssa 0 21 Wabe 0 71 Lellisso 0 2222 AbolaAbola 70S70S 72 Tate 10R 2323 MegalMegal 40MS40MS 73 Bakalcha 0 24 Tusie 0(30MR) 74 Uda 0(10MS)
12
Cont’dCont’d
No. No. Variety Variety Response No.No. VarietyVariety Response
2626 ShinnaShinna 20MS20MS 76 Illani 0
27 Tura 0 7777 Local RedLocal Red 50S50S
28 Hawi 10MS 78 HAR 727 0
29 Maddawalabu 0 79 HAR 723 0(100S)
30 Simba 0 80 HAR 934 0(70S)
31 Sofumer 0(40S) 81 HAR 1018 0
32 Watera 15MR 82 HAR 820 15MS
33 Dodota 0 83 HAR 1407 0
34 Dure 0 84 HAR 1331 0
35 KBG-01 0(80S) 85 HAR 719 0(100S)
36 Sirbo 0 86 Lassik (-Yr5) 0
13
Cont’dCont’d
14No. Variety Response No. Variety Response 37 Bobicho 15MR 87 Patwin 0 38 Tossa 0 88 UC1600-Kern 0
39 Digalu 5MR 89 Clear white 0 40 Meraro 0(10MS) 90 Lassik (+Yr5) 0 41 Senkegna 0(10S) 91 UC110 0 42 Tay 0 92 Kern 0 43 Sulla 0 93 UC1107 0 44 Alidoro 0 94 Roelfs F2007 0 45 Millennium 0(30MS) 95 ETBW5795 0 46 Dinknesh 0 96 ETBW5520 0 47 Menze 0(50MS) 97 Local 0
Reaction of YR differential hostsReaction of YR differential hostsDIFFERENTIALS YR GENE ResponseYR5/6*AOC CX86.6.1.20 Yr5 0YR10/6* Avocet S Yr10 0YR15/6* Avocet S Yr15 0(85S)YR26/3*AOC CX96.17.1. Yr26 0(80S)YRSP/6*AOC CX94.14.1.15 YrSP 0(70S)YR1/6*Avocet S Yr1 40MSYR6/6*AOC CX94.2.2.25 Yr6 80SYR7/6* Avocet S Yr7 100SYR8/6* Avocet S Yr8 10MRYR9/6* Avocet S Yr9 100SYR17/3*AOC CX94.8.1.25 Yr17 70SYR18/3*AOC CX94.10.1.7 Yr18 60MSYR27/3*AOC CX94.19.1.1 Yr27 50MSAVOCET R YrA 10MRAVOCET S 100SMorocco 100S
15
Concluding remarks
Recurrent wheat rusts (stripe rust) epidemics is a key constraint to
Ethiopian farmers and beyond
The breakdown of resistance is a common after two or three years
of cultivation
Adaptation to warmer climate (Climate change) widening
epidemics
The development & deployment of resistance + IDM is of concern
Establishments and strengthening of molecular labs & C. Building
National, regional and international collaboration & networking
16
Acknowledgements
ICARDA
TARI
EAAPP/KULUMSA ARC
DRRW/AMBO PPRC
EIAR
17
Top Related