TOUCH & INTERACTIVITY AND PORTABLE...

TOUCH amp INTERACTIVITY AND PORTABLE TECHNOLOGY

Official Monthly Publication of the Society for Information Display bull wwwinformationdisplayorgJulyAug 2015Vol 31 No 4

Jul-Aug Cover_SID Cover 7222015 819 PM

Radiant Zemax is now Radiant Vision Systems The name is new but our commitment to delivering advanced display test solutions remains unchanged The worldrsquos leading makers of display devices rely on Radiantrsquos automated visual inspection systems to measure uniformity chromaticity and detect Mura and other defects throughout the manufacturing process Visit our all new website wwwRadiantVisionSystemscom to learn how our integrated test solutions can help you improve supply chain performance reduce production costs and ensure a customer experience that is nothing less than Radiant

New Name Still Radiant

Radiant Vision Systems LLC Global Headquarters - Redmond WA USA | +1 425 844-0152 | wwwRadiantVisionSystemscom | InfoRadiantVScom

Test Solutions for Perfect Display Quality

2 Editorial Take A Break ndash You Deserve It n By Stephen P Atwood

3 Industry Newsn By Jenny Donelan

4 Guest Editorial Building on Valuable (Human) Real Estaten By Russel Martin

6 Frontline Technology Developing Electronic Skin with the Sense of TouchAlthough the concept may seem futuristic research on electronic skin has wide-rangingpractical impact n By Ravinder Dahiya William Taube Navaraj Saleem Khan and Emre O Polat

12 Frontline Technology Investigating the Architecture of Flexible Large-AreaHybrid SystemsCombining thin-film sensor electronics with CMOS creates a new technology that marriesthe advantages of flexible large-area electronics with the speed and processing power ofnanoscale ICs Several features of this new architecture could benefit the development ofcomfortable wearable electronicsn By Sigurd Wagner Josue Sanz-Robinson Warren Rieutort-Louis Liechao Huang

Tiffany Moy Yingzhe Hu Yasmin Afsar James C Sturm and Naveen Verma

18 Enabling Technology Diagnostic Systems for Pregnancy Healthcare throughTelemedicine NetworkingPortable sensors and wireless networks are creating new applications in the field of preg-nancy healthcare and fetal-wellness monitoring Portable devices and smartphones can beused as network coordinators and user interfaces for remote diagnoses from homen By Giorgio De Pasquale and Angela Lentini

24 Display Marketplace Touch-Panel Market Dynamics and TrendsDespite market maturity in consumer applications the touch industry is experiencing newdynamic competition that will lead to enhanced user experiences in 2015n By Calvin Hsieh

28 Show Review Display Week 2015 Show Daily HighlightsEngineers developers investment bankers analysts and more all headed to the heart of Silicon Valley last June to visit Display Week 2015 According to show organizers thisyearrsquos attendance was up more than 10 over last yearrsquos If you were lucky enough to beone of those attendees one thing was for sure ndash there was a lot going on n By Jenny Donelan

32 SID News SID 2016 Honors and Awards Nominations

36 Corporate Members

36 Index to Advertisers

Information Display 415 1

JULYAUGUST 2015VOL 31 NO 4

InformationDISPLAYcontents

For Industry News New Products Current and Forthcoming Articles see wwwinformationdisplayorg

INFORMATION DISPLAY (ISSN 0362-0972) is published 6 times ayear for the Society for Information Display by Palisades ConventionManagement 411 Lafayette Street 2nd Floor New York NY 10003William Klein President and CEO EDITORIAL AND BUSINESSOFFICES Jay Morreale Editor-in-Chief Palisades ConventionManagement 411 Lafayette Street 2nd Floor New York NY 10003telephone 212460-9700 Send manuscripts to the attention of theEditor ID SID HEADQUARTERS for correspondence on sub-scriptions and membership Society for Information Display 1475 S Bascom Ave Ste 114 Campbell CA 95008 telephone 408879-3901 fax -3833 SUB SCRIP TIONS Information Display is distributedwithout charge to those qualified and to SID members as a benefit ofmembership (annual dues $10000) Subscriptions to others US ampCanada $7500 one year $750 single copy elsewhere $10000 oneyear $750 single copy PRINTED by Wiley amp Sons PERMISSIONSAbstracting is permitted with credit to the source Libraries are per-mitted to photocopy beyond the limits of the US copyright law forprivate use of patrons providing a fee of $200 per article is paid to theCopyright Clearance Center 21 Congress Street Salem MA 01970(reference serial code 0362-097215$100 + $000) Instructors arepermitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroomuse without fee This permission does not apply to any special reportsor lists published in this magazine For other copying reprint orrepublication permission write to Society for Information Display 1475S Bascom Ave Ste 114 Campbell CA 95008 Copyright copy 2015Society for Information Display All rights reserved

In the Next Issue ofInformation Display

Display Week 2015 Review andMetrology Issuebull Display Week 2015 Technology Reviewsbull Touchbull Metrologybull 3D and Near-to-Eye Displaysbull Material and Manufacturingbull Best in Show and I-Zone Winners

bull Colorimeter Accuracybull Metrology for See-Through Displays

SIDSOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY



Jul-Aug Cover_SID Cover 7222015 819 PM Page 1

Cover Design Acapella Studios Inc

ON THE COVER The iCub robot image iscourtesy of Giorgio Metta IIT Genoa ItalyPhoto by Lorenzo Natale See article beginningon page 18

ID TOC Issue4 p1_Layout 1 7222015 858 PM Page 1

Take a Break ndash You Deserve Itby Stephen P Atwood

Itrsquos July Itrsquos hot outside and therersquos a lot of good stuffgoing on out there Itrsquos the middle of the summer and likemany of you Irsquom worried about managing my vacation timeso as to minimize the impact to my organization while atthe same time not missing out on all the things calling tome beyond my office windows Summertime and goodweather can really be an inconvenience when you have

relentless work deadlines and constant pressures to manage The pull of the outdoorsand the desire to run away and see some place new is highest for me at this time ofyear We live in a time when professionals take fewer vacations than ever before andbusinesses are generally leaner tending toward high productivity at the expense offlexibility Itrsquos hard to find a ldquoconvenientrdquo time to get away and when you do thestress of re-entry and catching up can wear you back down in almost no time Neverin recent years have I been on vacation and not worried about those hundreds maybethousands of emails waiting for me when I get back If you laugh at this Irsquoll bet youare in the minority these days Americans seem to be among the worst of professional workers around the world

for leaving hard-earned vacation time on the table Depending on which one of manysurveys you can read on this subject something like 50 of American workers useless than their allotted vacation time many opting for long weekends or short breaksrather than real vacations of a week or more When most Americans including me dotake vacation they still check email dial in on conference calls and generally try tostay ahead of the wave of events going back at their offices and labs Most of thosesame surveys also cite higher stress levels for people who do not take time off andworse some indicate that long-term career prospects are worse for people who cannotpull themselves away from the office or lab We could speculate about the underlyingreasons for this but I think itrsquos safe to say that getting away and gaining some freshperspectives on life can foster more creativity and ingenuity In our industry creativityis crucial to success Personally I believe in a good workndashlife balance and I struggle to take my own

advice sometimes but as I am finishing up this editorial I am looking forward to several nice breaks away from the office with my family over the next couple ofmonths and as inconvenient as they might seem to be I will not sacrifice them for the demands of work ndash even if I have to ask the IT department to delete my email boxbefore I come back Now itrsquos your turn to do so as well You have undoubtedlyearned it and your health and career will be better for it And do not forget the peopleyou manage in your organization Give them the support and encouragement to feelempowered to use that vacation time well and congratulate them when they return fornever checking email or answering the phone while they were away You need themrefreshed and re-energized with creativity in the long term to help your organizationsucceedOur lineup this month looks at a variety of topics related to flexible electronic

networks sensors and interactive systems thanks in part to the great work of ourGuest Editor Russel Martin Asked to find some interesting stories around the cate-gory of flexible and wearable electronics Russel developed a trio of stories that heintroduces in his guest editorial titled ldquoBuilding on Valuable (Human) Real EstaterdquoAnd as you might have guessed from the cover this is not a typical ldquodisplaysrdquo issue

2 Information Display 415

Executive Editor Stephen P Atwood617306-9729 satwoodazonixcom

Editor-in-Chief Jay Morreale21246 0-9700 jmorrealepcm411com

Managing Editor Jenny Donelan603924-9628 jdonelanpcm411com

Global Advertising Director Stephen Jezzard sjezzardwileycom

Senior Account ManagerPrint amp E Advertising Roland Espinosa201-748-6819 respinosawileycom

Editorial Advisory BoardStephen P Atwood Chair

Azonix Corp USA

Helge SeetzenTandemLaunch Technologies Westmont Quebec

Canada

Allan KmetzConsultant USA

Larry WeberConsultant USA

Guest EditorsFlexible Technology and Wearables

Ruiqing (Ray) Ma Universal Display Corp

Applied VisionJames Larimer ImageMetrics

Automotive DisplaysSilvio Pala Denso International America

Touch and InteractivityBob SeniorCanatu

Display MetrologyTom Fiske Consultant

TV TechnologyAchin Bhowmik Intel Corp

Contributing EditorsAlfred Poor ConsultantSteve Sechrist ConsultantPaul Semenza ConsultantJason Heikenfeld University of Cincinnati Raymond M Soneira DisplayMate Technologies

InformationDISPLAY

The opinions expressed in editorials columns and feature articles do not necessarily reflect the opinions ofthe Executive Editor or Publisher of Information DisplayMagazine nor do they necessarily reflect the position ofthe Society for Information Display

editorial

(continued on page 35)

ID Editorial Issue4 p235_Layout 1 7232015 659 PM Page 2

Prysm Installs New Video WallPrysm a video-wall manufacturer based in Silicon Valley recentlyinstalled a 13-ft-wide by 4-ft-high video wall at the University of California at the San Francisco Medical Center (Fig 1) The wall inthe passageway between UCSF Benioff Childrenrsquos Hospital and themain hospital lobby incorporates a wide range of content and interac-tivity designed to deliver engagement with visitors For example agesture-controlled ldquoattract moderdquo captures the attention of peoplewalking past the installation by sensing their presence and immediatelydisplaying a greeting or other content designed to stimulate curiosityTouch-screen capabilities accommodate multiple simultaneous userswho are able to open zoom and otherwise access information aboutUCSF Medical Centerrsquos hospitals faculty staff and programs includingdonors (The new video wall was dedicated to the medical centerrsquos donors who have contributed over $600 million to the research campus) UCSF worked with Sensory Interactive the consultant and integra-

tor on the project to select the Prysm system which is built on Prysmrsquoslaser phosphor display (LPD) technology LPD uses a phosphor paneland laser engine to generate high-quality imagery with low-powersolid-state lasers The panel made up of individual video tiles uses apattern of phosphors layered in a rigid glass or polymer structureWhen excited by the laser engine the panel emits red green or bluelight to form image pixels Since the phosphor is printed extremelyclose to its surface the display is able to achieve a 178deg viewing angleThe laser engine consists of solid-state laser diodes that generate mod-ulated beams to energize the phosphor panel Since the lasers are offfor black pixels very high contrast images are achieved at ultra-lowpower Mirrors direct the beams from the laser engine across the phosphor panel at a refresh rate of 360 Hz This produces flicker-freeimages with no motion blur even for fast-moving video Touch capa-bility is realized through infra-red technology The infra-red sensorsare located in the frames around the video tiles According to Prysmthe LPD video walls offer bright images wide viewing angles andhigh efficiency that compare favorably to other digital-signage tech-nologies in terms of features and total cost of ownership

Christie Wins Six Industry Awards at InfoComm2015Visual and audio company Christie won six awards at InfoComm 2015in June including a Readers Choice award for its Christie Velvet LEDfrom rAVe magazine for ldquoFavorite Video Wall Productrdquo The ChristieVelvet LED Apex Series captured a Best of Show award for ldquoNew andoutstanding products exhibited at InfoCommrdquo from Digital SignagemagazineChristie laser phosphor technology won two honors the Christie GS

Series a ldquoMost Innovative Emerging Technologiesrdquo award from NewBay Media and the new Christie Captiva DUW350S Ultra Short Throw lens projector a Best of Show award from Government Videomaga-zine The Christie Boxer projector was named ldquoBest Video ProjectionProduct ndash High Lumenrdquo by NewBay Media and the Christie FHQ981-L98-in LCD flat panel won a Sound amp Video Contractor award

DisplayMate Predicts Advances in Lower DisplayReflectanceDisplayMatersquos Ray Soneira recently posted a piece on the importance of display reflectance using as a basis for comparison the Sapphire andglass displays available for different models of the Apple Watch Thepoint of the article notes Soneira is that ldquolow reflectance is kingrdquo and that new technologies are becoming available that will significantly reducereflectance for both Sapphire and glass creating dramatic improve-ments in display performance under real-world ambient lightingThis applies to all displays that are used in ambient lighting includ-

ing smartphones smart watches tablets laptops PC and video moni-tors TVs (if you watch during the day or with room lights on at night)and especially for displays that are mostly used in outdoor environ-ments like digital signage and automobile displaysNotes Soneira ldquoThe standard way that has generally been used to

improve display performance in ambient light is to fight fire with fireand just continue increasing the displayrsquos maximum brightness Butthere is a practical limit to that plus a brighter display needs morepower and a bigger battery With some new advanced technologiesthat will be introduced soon the reflectance of both Sapphire and glasswill be reduced significantlyrdquo (For more on how smart-watch makersneed to remain aware of battery life see the blog post ldquoAndroid WearOffers Timely Advice to Display Makersrdquo in this monthrsquos DisplayWeek 2015 Highlights article)Lowering display reflectance and improving display performance in

ambient light results in better screen visibility and readability which issomething that all consumers will automatically appreciate and under-stand and the easy to see visual differences and benefits will make thisan important marketing advantage for displays in the very near futureSoneirarsquos comparison can be read at wwwdisplaymatecomApple_

Watch_ShootOut_2htm

LG Display Produces LCD Panels with AITTechnology for NotebooksLG Display recently announced that it will start mass production ofAdvanced In-Cell Touch (AIT) panels for full-HD notebook PCs in the


industry news


Fig 1 The video wall at UCSF is designed to attract and engage multiple users with interactive content based on the medical centerrsquosservices and staff

ID Industry News Issue4 p3_Layout 1 7262015 735 PM Page 3

Building on Valuable (Human) Real Estate

by Russel MartinThe popularity of wearable devices has grown rapidly inrecent years This category of portable devices includesactivity trackers smart glasses wearable cameras andsmart watches just to name a few These devices count oursteps estimate the calories we have burned capture thescenes around us display incoming phone calls and tell usour heart rate The range of diverse features they offer us

increases month by month Wearable devices will soon identify our mood tell uswhether we are drinking enough water and gently remind us if we have been sittingtoo long

We tend to carry our portable computing and communication devices (phones)wherever seems easiest to us Some wear cell phones in holsters like modern-day gun slingers Some drop them into back pockets where the devices have a habit of inconveniently popping out mdash or calling random individuals by mistake Many people place them on the table as soon as they sit down Womenrsquos phones spend most of their time in purses

While there is much information that can be picked up about the user from their cell phone the fact that the devicersquos position is uncertain presents problems for manytasks Furthermore a phone is only in skin contact with users when they are holdingit Many physiological measurements require physical contact for example measuringheart rate or blood oxygen saturation On these two counts wearable devices such aswatches and exercise monitors have a distinct advantage over phones for sensing theuser Fixed location and skin contact are advantages By far the most common location for a watch is on the non-dominant wrist Some devices such as clip-onpedometers or cameras can be placed in several locations but they remain in onelocation during use An unchanging and well-defined location allows more accurateactivity classification That in turn lets the device make better predictions of theuserrsquos situation communicating it to their phones as necessary

More significant are the opportunities afforded by skin contact This valuable realestate allows access to far more information about users than just how they are movingOptical measurements already can provide heart rate and blood oxygen contentExpanded methods should provide us with valuable information about the dynamicbiochemistry of our bodies This should allow us to track changes throughout the dayand eventually may provide a window into our health

In this issue we have three articles describing methods of taking advantage of thevaluable real estate that wearable devices build upon Professor Wagner and his collaborators at Princeton University describe technology that can build electronicsdirectly into fabrics literally weaving it into our clothes Professor Dahiya and co-authors from the University of Glasgow describe technology to build conformingplastic films that provide touch input and display output across a wearable device ndasheven providing touch-sensitive skin to robots These two articles teach us how tobuild upon our new property Giorgio De Pasquale and Angela Lentini at the Polytechnic University of Turin in Italy describe how wearable sensors are a key toexpanding telemedicine and connecting distant patients to doctors thus building a hospital on this real estate

I hope the articles in this issue of Information Display provide an opportunity foryou to reflect upon how the location of the devices we wear determines what we can


guest editorial


SID EXECUTIVE COMMITTEEPresident A GhoshPresident-Elect Y S KimRegional VP Americas A BhowmikRegional VP Asia B WangRegional VP Europe P KathirgamanathanTreasurer H SeetzenSecretary T TsujimuraPast President B Berkeley

DIRECTORSBangalore T RuckmongathenBay Area J PollackBeijing X YanBelarus A SmirnovCanada J ViethGreater Dayton D G HopperDelaware Valley J W Parker IIIMetropolitan Detroit J KanickiFrance F TemplierHong Kong H S KwokIndia S SambandanIsrael G GolanJapan K KondohKorea K-W WhangLatin America A MammanaLos Angeles L TannasMid-Atlantic J KymissisMid-Europe H De SmetNew England S AtwoodPacific Northwest A AbileahRussia V BelyaevSingapore T WongSouthwest S OrsquoRourkeTaipei J ChenTexas Z YanivUK amp Ireland S DayUkraine V SerganUpper Mid-West B Bahadur

COMMITTEE CHAIRSAcademic P BosArchives L Tannas JrAudit S OrsquoRourkeBylaws A SilzarsChapter Formation ndash Europe H De SmetConventions P DrzaicConventions Vice-Chair BC and MC J JacobsConventions Vice-Chair Europe I SageConventions Vice-Chair Asia K-W WhangDefinitions amp Standards T FiskeDisplay Industry Awards W ChenHonors amp Awards F LuoI-Zone B SchowengerdtInvestment H SeetzenLong-Range Planning Y S KimMembership H-S KwokMembership Vice-Chair Social Media H AtkuriNominating B BerkeleyPublications H SeetzenSenior Member Grade Y S KimWeb Site H Seetzen

CHAPTER CHAIRSBangalore S SambadamBay Area R RaoBeijing N XuBelarus V A VyssotskiCanada A KitaiDayton J LuuDelaware Valley J BlakeDetroit J ByrdFrance L VignauHong Kong M WongIndia S KauraIsrael I Ben DavidJapan K KondoKorea S T ShinLatin America V MammanaLos Angeles L IboshiMid-Atlantic G MelnikMid-Europe H J LempNew England J GandhiPacific Northwest K YugawaRussia M SychovSingaporeMalaysia C C ChaoSouthwest M StrnadTaipei C C WuTexas R FinkUK amp Ireland M JonesUkraine V SorokinUpper Mid-West R D Polak

SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY1475 S Bascom Ave Ste 114 Campbell CA 95008408879-3901 e-mail officesidorghttpwwwsidorg

ID Guest Editorial Issue4 p4_Layout 1 7232015 708 PM Page 4

ELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY GmbH saleslcd-modulecom middot wwwlcd-modulecom

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September 21-23 2015

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SAVE THE DATE

MICROELECTRONICS technologyand its subsequent miniaturization whichbegan almost immediately after the transistorwas invented have revolutionized computingand communication However miniaturizationby itself is not the only way that electronicscan evolve to add more value to our livesRecent significant additions to the fieldinclude fabricating or printing electronics overlarge areas and on unconventional substratessuch as plastics that flex bend and conformto 3D surfaces1 Fuelled by a large number ofapplications the pace at which flexible orbendable electronics is evolving is faster thanever before This category includes anincreasing list of applications ranging fromfoldable or conformable displays to smart-watches and wristbands to wearable electronicsand even robotic skin Technological advances have inspired

numerous multidisciplinary groups worldwideto develop artificial organs such as electronicskin and bionic eyes These inventions couldpotentially bestow lost sensory feelings to disabled individuals or provide useful sensorycapabilities to machines to enable them to

improve the quality of human lives or enableinnovative non-invasive means for earlydetection and monitoring of chronic diseasesRecent advances in electronic-skin technologyhave attracted increasing attention for theirpotential to detect subtle pressure changeswhich may open up applications includinghealth monitoring minimally invasive sur-gery and prosthetics Electronic sensory or ldquotactilerdquo skin should

help enable robots and similar machines(when these technologies are realized) tointeract physically and safely with real-worldobjects For example a robot designed forhealthcare could manipulate objects moreeffectively or help the elderly with greatersafety if its actions were based on feedbacksuch as pressure or temperature coming fromits body parts while it was physically in contact with the object or person in question2The recent incident at a Volkswagen plant inGermany in which a worker was crushed by arobot3 is similar to one reported in the early1980s in Japan4 and reminds us of the impor-tance of safety where robots are concernedTactile sensing plays a fundamental role in

providing action-related information such assticking and slipping vital control parametersfor manipulationcontrol tasks such as grasp-ing and estimation of contact parameters suchas contact force soft contact hardness texturetemperature etc Tactile skin could also beindispensable for numerous medical diagnosesand surgical applications through haptic inter-faces For example to feel the presence of

tumors in underlying body tissue the visualfeedback of laparoscopic instruments is ofteninsufficient inserting a tool with tactile aswell as visual feedback might prove more useful25 In addition although once a topicfor science fiction the notion of restoring sensory feelings to amputees can approachreality through solutions such as electronic ortactile skin enabled by sensitive electronicsover flexible substrates (Fig 1)25

Challenges Go Beyond Skin DeepRealizing tactile skin is challenging as thistechnology requires multiple types of sensorsand electronics (eg to measure contact pres-sure temperature gas chemical compositionetc) on the flexible or conformable substratesand also over large areas12 Many differentsensors distributed over a wide area such asthe entire body of a robot would require acomplex signal-processing system capable ofdealing with very large amounts of raw data One way to deal with big data is to create

tactile skin with distributed computing allow-ing information to be partially processed closeto the sensing elements then sending thesmaller amounts of summary data results tohigher-computational units This would meanthat in addition to distributed sensors the tactile skin would require distributed electronicsand this is another challenge for developers oftactile skin The miniaturization of electronicswhich has followed Moorersquos law since the1960s with more and more electronic compo-nents fitting into small die-sized areas makes

Developing Electronic Skin with the Sense of TouchAlthough the concept may seem futuristic research on electronic skin has wide-ranging practical impact

by Ravinder Dahiya William Taube Navaraj Saleem Khan and Emre O Polat

Ravinder Dahiya William Taube NavarajSaleem Khan and Emre O Polat are withthe Bendable Electronics and Sensing Tech-nologies (BEST) Research Group (led by Dr Dahiya) Electronics and Nanoscale Engineering Division School of EngineeringUniversity of Glasgow UK Dr Dahiya can be reached at RavinderDahiyaglasgowacuk

6 Information Display 4150362-097242015-006$100 + 00 copy SID 2015

frontline technology

ID Dahiya p6-10_Layout 1 7262015 331 PM Page 6

distributed electronics over large areas such asa robotrsquos body all the more difficult The recent trend of printed electronics may

help meet this challenge6 This includes print-ing transducer material directly on flexiblesubstrates as shown later in Fig 3 or directlyprinting active electronic materials on the substrates6 Large-area printed pressure sensors radio-frequency identification tags(RFIDs) solar cells light-emitting diodes(LEDs) transistors etc have been reportedrecently In the case of printed pressure or touch

sensors emerging trends include screen-printing or ink-jet printing of conducting ortransducer materials including piezoelectricpolymers such as P(VDF-TrFE) or compositesof carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and PDMS (softsilicone) etc While tools such as screenprinters help bring sensor-related researchcloser to manufacturing the printing of activeelectronics over large areas with performanceat par with todayrsquos silicon remains a challengeFactors that significantly contribute to the

effectiveness of tactile skin in many applica-tions including robotics are (a) sensor typeand performance (eg sensitivity ability tomeasure various contact parameters) (b)physical aspects (eg sensor placement conformability wiring) (c) data processingand hardware issues (data acquisition signalconditioning communication power compat-ibility with existing electronic and sensinghardware) (d) algorithms and software (pro-cessing data from tactile sensors distributed in3D space sensor representation decipheringtactile information) and (e) engineeringissues (integration of sensing structures withrobots maintenance and reliability)

Touch RequirementsA rudimentary illustration of electronic skincan be seen in touch screens in wide usetoday Touch screens detect contact locationin the manner of a simple switch ie lsquocontactrsquoor lsquono contactrsquo The physical act of touch isdetected by measuring the change in resist-ance capacitance optical mechanical ormagnetic properties of the material beingtouched The various types of touch-screentechnology include resistive capacitive (selfand mutual) acoustic and optical2In terms of electronic skin one of the more

significant advantages of resistive-touch-screen technology ndash such as that used in theNintendo DS game console ndash is that it can

detect the touch or pressure of any object irrespective of the electrical property of thematerial and also offer protection against surface contaminants (both solids and liquids)In addition resistive touch screens are cost-effective to fabricate and use very simplesensing circuitry They require very lowpower However resistive touch screens needcomplex designsarchitectures for implementingmulti-touch ndash at a significantly high cost Resistive touch screens also have poor

transparency and hence poor image claritycompared to that of capacitive touch screensCapacitive touch screens allow multi-touchoperations albeit at the expense of increasedper-cycle readout time andor an additionalprocessing block Other touch-screen tech-nologies such as acoustic touch screens andinfrared touch screens also offer excellenttransparency and durablity However theysuffer from ambient light interference and aresensitive to liquids and contaminants

Bendability RequirementsTouch screens based on resistive capacitiveor acoustic technologies work for the mostpart on rigid and planar substrates but theseare giving way to bendable and foldableportable displays in the near future One possibility for the future are ultra-thin bend-able chips for drive electronics in displays andthe bendable version of various touch-screentechnologies7 Replicating touch-sensingmechanisms in bendable displays will createresearch challenges For example the air gap

that has to be maintained in resistive touchscreens could lead to false inputs in flexiblelayers Similarly the ITO used to make con-ductive transparent films in capacitive touchscreens does not lend itself to being flexed It is a brittle ceramic-like material Graphene which has the potential to revo-

lutionize the technology could offer anotheralternative for bendable touch screens Whilegraphene could power semiconductors andadvance circuitry in the future as technologyimproves the most immediate implementationwould be touch screens Graphene is anexcellent conductor of electricity and is especially strong for its light weight ndash it isestimated at 100 times more durable thansteel In addition to being strong and conduc-tive it is also flexible transparent and can begrown on large areas8

Distributed Computing RequirementsCreating tactile skin involves more than justintegrating or realizing sensors on flexiblesubstrates Unlike vision sensing it is distributed and involves measurements of amultitude of touch parameters such as pressuretemperature slip etc Given these require-ments it is unlikely to have a unique solutionsuch as CMOS imagers which revolutionizedvision sensing and cameras A number of different types of sensors would be needed todetect and measure the touch parametersThis also means that the data processing andcomputing requirements will be complex Inrobots such as humanoids the tactile data


Fig 1 This conceptual image of a prosthetic device shaped like a human hand incorporateslightweight ultra-flexible high-performance and cost-effective electronic skin2


would come from different parts of the robotrsquosbody and schemes similar to the somatotopicmaps in humans could be useful to effectivelyhandle and utilize the tactile data Such repre-sentations can also help in locating the tactile sensorsrsquo three-dimensional space ndash which might otherwise be labor intensive and error pronebecause the positions of the tactile sensorschange with the robotrsquos position In terms of computing a neuromorphic approach (circuitry that mimics the human neurological system)could be an interesting future development

Prototype EffortsA variety of approaches and designs are beingpursued to develop an effective prototype of

tactile skin Early attempts to obtain bendableelectronic skin followed the flexible printedcircuit board (PCB) route with off-the-shelfsensing and electronic components soldered tobendable PCBs that were made out of Kaptonor thick polyimide These approaches largelyfocused on measuring contact force or pressureOne such example was successfully used in arecently concluded European project dubbedROBOSKIN conducted by Professors MettaSandini and colleagues (including the leadauthor of this article) which developed tactileskin for various robots including the iCubldquohumanoidrdquo or human-style robot at the Istituto Italiano di Technologia in Genoa Italy(Fig 2)1011 a

This semi-rigid skin is one of the most functional implementations of large-area touchsensors to date and was used to cover bodyparts with large curvatures such as the armsof iCub It was made of triangular moduleseach having 12 capacitive touch sensors ndashobtained by placing a 5-mm-thick layer of softand rubbery dielectric material on the elec-trodes (shown in Fig 2) which were realizedon the flexible PCBs A conductive cloth covering the top of the soft dielectric materialacted as the second electrode When pressedby an object the soft dielectric deformed andthe electrodes on its two sides came closer toeach other which led to increase in the capac-itance The change in capacitance was pro-portional to the contact force or pressureBesides acting as the dielectric the soft layeralso provided the extra cushion which led to improved safety This capacitive skin on major body parts of i-Cub changed the research paradigm whereby robotics research focusshifted from hands-based manipulation or exploration of objects to that involving exploit-ing multiple contacts with large parts of a robotrsquos body This is similar to the manipulation ofsandbags or big cardboard boxes by humans Other examples of PCB-based semi-rigid

robotic tactile skin include Hex-o-Skin developed at TU Munich by Professor Chengrsquos group12 and at the University of Tokyo by Professor Kuniyoshirsquos group13 These solutionsalso use off-the-shelf sensors and electroniccomponents The Hex-o-Skin has multiplesensors such as proximity vibration and temperature The basic sensing module inHex-o-Skin is implemented by an hexagonalPCB which hosts a microcontroller for datapreprocessing (eg clustering feature extrac-tion etc) and a transmission interface



Fig 2 The iCub robot (shown above) incorporates tactile skin on most of its body parts Its e-skin was created with off-the-shelf electronicsensing components integrated on a flexibleprinted circuit board The images at the bottom show different sections of iCubrsquos body coveredwith flexible PCB-based skin Images courtesy Giorgio Metta IIT Genoa Italy

__________________________________

aiCub is a ldquohumanoidrdquo robot developed at theIstituto Italiano di Technologia in GenovaItaly as part of the EU open-source projectRobotCub and subsequently adopted by morethan 20 laboratories worldwide It has 53motors that move the head arms and handswaist and legs can see and hear has thesense of proprioception (body configuration)and is capable of movement (using accelerom-eters and gyroscopes) According to the iCubWebsite researchers are currently working to give the iCub a sense of touch and to beldquoawarerdquo of how much force it exerts onobjects and its environment wwwicuborg


The printing of touch sensors on flexiblesubstrates using screen printers or ink-jetprinters is another route for obtaining tactileskin (Fig 3)14 These printing tools have beenemployed to print conductive and transducermaterials to develop various types of touchsensors including resistive piezoresistivepiezoelectric and capacitive sensors9With technology enabling ever more

advanced robots the electronic skin of thefuture needs to be far superior to what is possible today with off-the-shelf componentsInteresting developments in this directioninclude electronic skin using organic semi-conductors with thin-film transistors based onactive-matrix backplanes developed by Professor Someyarsquos group at the University ofTokyo15 Professor Sekitanirsquos group at OsakaUniversity and Professor Baorsquos group at Stan-ford University16 Another group that has con-tributed to the field includes Dr Stadloberfrom Joanneum Research These organicsemiconductors have favorable features suchas low-temperature solution processing andinherent bendability The pressure sensorsbased on organic semiconductors often inte-grate transducer material such as pressureconductive rubber with the transistors Theresistance of pressure conductive rubber whenit is pressed results in a change in currentthrough the transistors which is then detectedwith associated electronics However transis-tors and sensors based on these materials areslow due to low charge carrier mobility andthe large channel lengths that are possiblewith current solution-processed technologiesThey are also less stable Effective utilizationof electronic skin in applications such asrobotics requires sensory data to be acquiredand transmitted quickly (less than a msec)thus enabling a robot to react quickly In this context electronic skin based on

high-mobility semiconducting materials suchas single-crystal silicon offers significantadvantages That is why our focus at the Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies(BEST) group at the University of Glasgow ison developing electronic skin using siliconand other high-mobility materials that can alsobe processed using existing micronanofabri-cation tools The major challenge in using silicon for

conformable electronics is posed by its brittlenature ndash silicon cracks on bending Further-more some of the fabrication steps for silicon-based devices require temperatures much

higher than for flexible substrates such asplastics We have overcome these challengesby using transfer-printing and contact-printingapproaches In the transfer-printing methodthe silicon nanowires are carved out of bulkwafers using a top-down strategy and transferprinted to flexible plastic substrates Thehigh-temperature processing steps are carriedout before transferring the wires to flexiblesubstrates The skin looks like a rubberypolymer that has tiny silicon nanowires on itthese lead to thin-film transistors and sensorsThe transfer printing of silicon nanowires wasmotivated by research conducted at ProfessorRogersrsquo group at the University of IllinoisUrbana-Champaign17 For the first time atGlasgow we have demonstrated the use ofthis technique to develop the wafer-scaletransfer of ultra-thin chips onto flexible substrates The ultra-thin chips are attractivefor compact and integrated flexible electronicsas well as future touch-enabled flexible displays Another alternative strategy is to grow silicon

nanowires using a bottom-up approach andthen carry out contact printing to realize elec-tronic and sensing components on the flexiblesubstrates Professor Javeyrsquos group at theUniversity of California Berkeley has usedthis methodology to develop sensitive electronicskin18 However the actual use of theseadvanced tactile skin technologies in roboticshas not yet been demonstrated Perhaps this is because truly macroscale integration of electronic skin using the above advanced

approaches is still a research challenge becauseuniformity over large areas is challenging The on-going EPSRC (Engineering and

Physical Sciences Research Council) fellow-ship for the growth project ldquoprintable tactileskinrdquo conducted by the BEST group at theUniversity of Glasgow is currently workingtowards overcoming these challenges through a combination of novel approaches that involve the printing of electronics and sensors overlarge areas Other alternatives for developingelectronic skin include using low-temperaturepolysilicon technology which has beenexplored for thin-film transistors for displaysAlthough it may seem futuristic research

on electronic skin has wide-ranging practicalimpact For example todayrsquos artificial handshave come a long way from the fictional (butbased on real-world) example of CaptainHook Using whatrsquos called myoelectric link-ing a prosthetic limb can pick up electricalimpulses from any remaining muscle fibers onan arm transmitting those impulses to articu-lating fingers and thumb These prostheticdevices are continually being upgraded andremodeled to look and function as much like areal limb as possible As realistic as they may look currently

available prosthetic hands have physical prop-erties that are still far from the characteristicsof human skin ndash they are much stiffer forexample Eventually these advanced pros-thetic devices must be up to the task of touch-ing and being touched by other people withas much realistic ldquofeelingrdquo as possible


Fig 3 Examples of screen-printed touch sensor cells include (a) P(VDF-TrFE) on polyimideand (b) MWCNTPDMS sensors on PET

(a) (b)


This goal is closer than ever with the sensi-tive synthetic skin being developed by theBEST group at the University of Glasgow aspart of the EPSRC growth fellowship dedi-cated to printable tactile skin The syntheticskin could lead to next-generation prostheticarms with which users can feel a light touchshake hands and type naturally because thearm will send signals to the brain and in turnrespond to brain signals Further improvingthe experience will be smaller and more efficient batteries and lifelike materials thatwill more closely resemble real skin and becapable of more accurate communicationbetween hand and brain We are fortunate tobe living in this exciting era and feeling thepositive impacts of technology

References1R Dahiya ldquoElectronic Skinrdquo AISEM AnnualConference Proceedings XVIII 1ndash4 (2015)2R S Dahiya and M Valle Robotic tactilesensing technologies and system (SpringerNew York 2013)3httpwwwtheguardiancomworld2015jul02robot-kills-worker-at-volkswagen-plant-in-germany 4httpwwwtheguardiancomtheguardian 2014dec09robot-kills-factory-worker5R S Dahiya ldquoEpidermal Electronics Flexible Electronics for Biomedical Applica-tionrdquo in Handbook of Bioelectronics (ISBN 9781107040830) S Carrara and Kris Iniewski eds (Cambridge University Press 2015)6S Khan L Lorenzelli and R S DahiyaldquoTechnologies for Printing Sensors and Electronics Over Large Flexible Substrates A Reviewrdquo IEEE Sensors Journal 15 3164ndash3185 (2015)7R S Dahiya and S Gennaro ldquoBendableUltra-Thin Chips on Flexible Foilsrdquo IEEESensors Journal 13 4030ndash4037 (2013)8E O Polat O Balci and C Kocabas ldquoGraphene-based flexible electrochromicdevicesrdquo Scientific Reports 4 (Oct 1 2014)9R S Dahiya A Adami L Pinna C ColliniM Valle and L Lorenzelli ldquoTactile SensingChips With POSFET Array and IntegratedInterface Electronicsrdquo IEEE Sensors Journal14 3448ndash3457 (2014)10G Metta L Natale F Nori G Sandini D Vernon L Fadiga et al ldquoThe iCubhumanoid robot An open-systems platformfor research in cognitive developmentrdquo Neural Networks 23 1125ndash1134 (OctndashNov2010)

11R S Dahiya G Metta M Valle and G Sandini ldquoTactile Sensing ndash From Humansto Humanoidsrdquo IEEE Transactions on Robotics 26 1ndash20 (Feb 2010)12R S Dahiya P Mittendorfer M Valle G Cheng and V Lumelsky ldquoDirectionstowards Effective Utilization of Tactile Skin ndashA Reviewrdquo IEEE Sensors Journal 134121ndash4138 (2013)13Y K Ohmura and A Nagakubo ldquoCon-formable and Scalable Tactile Sensor Skin forCurved Surfacesrdquo Proc IEEE InternationalConference on Robotics and Automation(May 2006)14S Khan S Tinku L Lorenzelli and R SDahiya ldquoFlexible Tactile Sensors UsingScreen-Printed P(VDF-TrFE) and MWCNTPDMS Compositesrdquo IEEE Sensors Journal15 3146ndash3155 (2015)15M Kaltenbrunner T Sekitani J Reeder T Yokota K Kuribara T Tokuhara et alldquoAn ultra-lightweight design for imperceptibleplastic electronicsrdquo Nature 499 458 (July 252013)16M L Hammock A Chortos B C Tee J B Tok and Z Bao ldquo25th Anniversary Article The evolution of electronic skin (e-skin) a brief history design considerationsand recent progressrdquo Adv Mater 25 5997ndash6038 (Nov 13 2013)17A Carlson A M Bowen Y Huang R GNuzzo and J A Rogers ldquoTransfer printingtechniques for materials assembly andmicronanodevice fabricationrdquo Adv Mater24 5284ndash318 (Oct 9 2012)18K Takei T Takahashi J C Ho H Ko A G Gillies P W Leu et al ldquoNanowireactive-matrix circuitry for low-voltagemacroscale artificial skinrdquo Nat Mater 9821ndash826 (Oct 2010) n



Display Week 2016 Innovation Zone (I-Zone)

May 24ndash26 2016The prototypes on display inthe Innovation Zone at DisplayWeek 2016 will be among themost exciting things you see at thisyearrsquos show These exhibits werechosen by the Society for InformationDisplayrsquos I-Zone Committee for theirnovelty quality and potential toenhance and even transform the dis-play industry Programmable shoesinteractive holograms the latesthead-up displays and much morewill not only fire your imaginationbut provide an advance look at manyof the commercial products yoursquoll beusing a few years from nowSID created the I-Zone as a forum forlive demonstrations of emerginginformation- display technologies This special exhibit offers researchers space to demonstrate their proto-types or other hardware demos dur-ing Display Week and encouragesparticipation by small companiesstartups universities governmentlabs and independent research labsDonrsquot miss the 2016 I-Zone takingplace on the show floor at DisplayWeek May 24ndash26I-Zone 2015 Best

Prototype Award Winner

Ubiquitous Energy

Display Week 2016May 22ndash27 2016

San Francisco California USA

For daily display industry news visit

wwwinformationdisplayorg


䘀圀䐀最爀愀瀀栀椀挀戀礀吀䤀

匀䤀䐀嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀䐀椀猀瀀氀愀礀猀　㔀匀礀洀瀀漀猀椀甀洀䔀砀栀椀戀椀琀椀漀渀簀唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀漀昀䴀椀挀栀椀最愀渀ⴀ䐀攀愀爀戀漀爀渀

匀瀀漀渀猀漀爀攀搀戀礀琀栀攀䐀攀琀爀漀椀琀䌀栀愀瀀琀攀爀漀昀琀栀攀匀漀挀椀攀琀礀昀漀爀䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀䐀椀猀瀀氀愀礀

䴀攀攀琀圀椀琀栀䰀攀愀搀椀渀最䌀漀洀瀀愀渀椀攀猀䰀椀欀攀吀栀攀猀攀

匀瀀攀挀椀愀氀吀甀琀漀爀椀愀氀㨀 ꀀꀀ䜀攀漀昀昀圀愀氀欀攀爀匀攀渀椀漀爀吀漀甀挀栀吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀猀琀Ⰰ 䤀渀琀攀氀䌀漀爀瀀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀

匀瀀攀挀椀愀氀䬀攀礀渀漀琀攀㨀 ꀀꀀ䬀氀愀甀猀䈀甀猀猀攀嘀椀挀攀倀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀漀昀䤀渀琀攀爀椀漀爀䐀攀猀椀最渀Ⰰ 䘀䌀䄀 ᐠ 一漀爀琀栀䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀

䔀砀栀椀戀椀琀漀爀猀匀瀀漀渀猀漀爀猀㨀䔀洀愀椀氀䨀椀洀䈀甀挀欀氀攀礀愀琀樀戀甀挀欀氀攀礀䀀瀀挀洀㐀挀漀洀漀爀挀愀氀氀　ⴀ㔀　ⴀ㠀㠀倀爀攀猀攀渀琀攀爀猀㨀匀甀戀洀椀琀瀀愀瀀攀爀愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀猀琀漀䴀愀爀欀䜀漀氀搀昀愀爀戀愀琀洀最漀氀搀昀愀爀戀䀀瀀挀洀㐀挀漀洀戀礀䄀甀最甀猀琀㜀琀栀

吀䠀䔀䔀堀䠀䤀䈀䤀吀䤀伀一㨀䠀攀爀攀礀漀甀氀氀攀渀最愀最攀Ⰰ 猀漀甀爀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀挀漀渀搀甀挀琀瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀漀氀瘀椀渀最眀椀琀栀攀砀瀀攀爀琀琀攀挀栀爀攀瀀猀昀爀漀洀搀漀稀攀渀猀漀昀氀攀愀搀椀渀最搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀Ⰰ 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀愀渀搀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀爀猀

吀䠀䔀匀夀䴀倀伀匀䤀唀䴀㨀䠀攀爀攀礀漀甀氀氀猀琀愀礀挀甀爀爀攀渀琀漀渀愀氀氀琀栀攀琀爀攀渀搀猀Ⰰ 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀愀渀搀渀攀砀琀最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 ᠠ洀愀最椀挀琀栀愀琀眀椀氀氀挀爀攀愀琀攀琀漀洀漀爀爀漀眀猀椀渀ⴀ挀愀爀攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀猀愀渀搀猀栀愀瀀攀挀愀爀戀甀礀攀爀猀瀀爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀椀渀琀栀攀琀爀椀氀氀椀漀渀ⴀ搀漀氀氀愀爀最氀漀戀愀氀愀甀琀漀洀漀琀椀瘀攀洀愀爀欀攀琀瀀氀愀挀攀

刀攀最椀猀琀攀爀吀漀搀愀礀眀眀眀嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀䐀椀猀瀀氀愀礀漀爀最

吀伀伀䤀䴀倀伀刀吀䄀一吀吀伀䴀䤀匀匀伀䌀吀 ⴀ吀伀伀䤀䴀倀伀刀吀䄀一吀吀伀䴀䤀匀匀伀䌀吀 ⴀ吀伀伀䤀䴀倀伀刀吀䄀一吀吀伀䴀䤀匀匀伀䌀吀 ⴀ吀伀伀䤀䴀倀伀刀吀䄀一吀吀伀䴀䤀匀匀伀䌀吀 ⴀ

䴀䄀刀䬀夀伀唀刀䌀䄀䰀䔀一䐀䄀刀䄀一䐀䨀伀䤀一唀匀䄀吀吀䠀䔀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀伀䘀吀䠀䔀䄀唀吀伀䴀伀吀䤀嘀䔀唀一䤀嘀䔀刀匀䔀

TODAYrsquoS WEARABLES are designed to connect the consumer with the Internetobserve bodily functions during physical exer-cise watch the health of medical patients ormonitor the stress signals of emergency professionals Wearables may be worn on the wrist as armbands or in pouches Todaymost wearable devices are discrete and usually visible

Experiments and demonstrations of elec-tronic textiles have revealed that customerslike the idea of electronic clothing ndash clothingthat incorporates wearable devices ndash but wantit to be as comfortable and lightweight aseveryday clothing Most people are highlysensitive to the property of a fabric that iscalled ldquohandrdquo is it soft flexible and smoothor hard stiff and rough Furthermore wearerswant the electronic machinery to invisiblymerge with common articles of everyday use

In meeting these challenges ndash developingwearable electronics that seamlessly integrateinto everyday clothing ndash much can be learnedby considering recent materials innovation inthe area of synthetic fabrics With industrialscaling and corresponding price reductionsnovel synthetic fabrics are being incorporatedinto a wide range of products In particularfierce competition in the clothing industry hasled companies to rapidly license and adoptnew synthetic fabrics thus adding value totheir product offerings and achieving highermargins For example Lululemon a maker ofathletic wear has licensed a proprietary anti-microbial material from Noble Biomaterialsfor anti-odor clothing Nike has Dri-Fit fabricswith moisture-wicking properties and theSwiss Barefoot Company offers Kevlar socksas an alternative to traditional shoes

We believe that for the first generation ofwearable electronics these types of fabricswill act as the scaffolding which will providea physical structure for clothing with embed-ded discrete sensors and output devicesDriven by the need for reliability low costand rapid entry to market the makers of theseinitial wearables will not focus on developingnew electronic components with a flexible

form factor Rather they will exploit the vastlibrary of existing components typically foundin consumer embedded electronics In orderto mitigate the undesirable rigidity of elec-tronic components they will attempt to mini-mize their density and conceal them throughstrategic placement (Fig 1)

Electronic FibersThe question remains whether the first genera-tion of wearables will use electronic compo-nents with wireless connections or whetherhardwired interconnects should be favoreddue to their reduced cost complexity andlower power consumption Developers havealready accumulated a great deal of experi-ence integrating conductor wires into conven-tional yarn during spinning In fact manyinterconnects and resistors have been spuninto yarn However together with their pack-aging these materials are considerably morerigid than textile fiber Such textiles becomeeven more rigid when yarns are preventedfrom sliding against each other because theyare attached permanently by electrical contacts Specialized textiles with a highdensity of electronic components and yarn-to-yarn interconnects may be acceptable for

Investigating the Architecture of FlexibleLarge-Area Hybrid SystemsCombining thin-film sensor electronics with CMOS creates a new technology that marries the advantages of flexible large-area electronics with the speed and processing power ofnanoscale ICs Several features of this new architecture could benefit the development ofcomfortable wearable electronics

by Sigurd Wagner Josue Sanz-Robinson Warren Rieutort-Louis Liechao Huang Tiffany Moy Yingzhe Hu Yasmin Afsar James C Sturm and Naveen Verma

Sigurd Wagner is a Professor of ElectricalEngineering at Princeton University and amember of the Princeton Institute of the Science and Technology of Materials He isalso part of the Large Area Systems Group atPrinceton He can be reached at wagnerprincetonedu



ID Wagner p12-17_Layout 1 7232015 853 PM Page 12

professional users However to appeal to theconsumer market conventional electroniccomponents and wiring must be introduced assparsely as possible to ensure a comfortablehand

In the future fabric will no longer exclu-sively play the role of scaffolding for discreteand primarily rigid electronic components butwill itself have inherent electronic propertiesThen wearables will be particularly well placed to benefit from the experience and manufac-turing infrastructure of flexible electronicsActive devices based on weaving togetherconductors insulators and semiconductorfibers will form the basis of these second-generation wearable systems There alreadyhave been numerous demonstrations of thisconcept including transistors formed bydepositing pentacene on top of a woven network of metallic fibers1 transistors madefrom two crossed fibers coated with PEDOT-PSS with an electrolyte placed at their inter-

section2 and a circuit made from transistorand conductor fibers3 Similarly a wide rangeof sensors with a fiber form factor have beendemonstrated including light sensors basedon optoelectronic fibers4 and acoustic sensorsmade from piezoelectric fibers5 Compared tofirst-generation wearables based on embed-ding rigid discrete electronic components in afabric wearables incorporating electronicfibers have great potential for enabling electronics that seamlessly integrate intoeveryday clothing Nevertheless muchresearch is required both at a materials andsystems level in order to make these noveldevices meet the scalability and reliabilityrequirements of a commercial product

A Hybrid Architecture of Thin-FilmElectronics and CMOSAt the systems level wearables can leveragearchitectural solutions from the field of flexible large-area electronics In particular

hybrid technologies that combine the best ofCMOS and flexible electronics are especiallywell adapted to wearable systems Table 1shows the functionality division on an archi-tectural level that our research team developedfor this technology In such architecturesCMOS is primarily responsible for computa-tion leveraging far faster and more-energy-efficient transistors than its thin-filmcounterparts Flexible electronics provides awide array of sensors and output devices forhumanndashcomputer interaction so as to enableinterfacing with the macroscopic world Alsoit has the capacity to cover large areas withenergy-harvesting devices such as solar cellsfor self-powered systems We have been ableto demonstrate the viability of such architec-tures by building a hybrid system for structuralhealth monitoring6 In this implementationthe large-area side features amorphous-silicon TFT-based sensors and access control circuitryas well a flexible solar cell and associatedthin-film power electronics for self-poweringThe CMOS IC is responsible for sensor read-out and sensor-data processing as well as forcontrolling the systemrsquos subcomponents

In terms of form factor these hybrid systemsare highly versatile because the thin-film sensors and output devices can be spread over the large surfaces of many materials and topographies such as plastic foil or evenpaper The display industry has led the way tobatch processing with substrates approaching10 square meters Current efforts to introduceadditive printing and roll-to-roll processing ofelectronics will eventually raise throughputand reduce cost to levels that enable mass-


Fig 1 The Lululemon All Sport Bra comes with built-in sensors for heart-rate monitoring andsnaps for a transmitter Image courtesy Lululemon

Table 1 Functionality divisionsbetween flexible electronics andCMOS for hybrid systems are

compared with regard to sensingself-powering and computation

Flexible Electronics CMOS

+ Diverseconformal + Precisionsensors instrumentation

+ Large devices harvest + Power substantial power management

- Low performance + Large-scale integration energy-efficient transistors


market production CMOS integrated circuitshaving a rigid form factor can be sparsely distributed to carry out computational andcontrol functions

Non-Contact Connections and Low-Wire-Count InterfacesOne of the key challenges of wearable elec-tronics systems is connecting the differentelectronic components that are embedded inclothing When designing hybrid large-areasystems we approached this problem bydeveloping two complementary approachesfor interconnects These allow us to robustlyconnect different planes of the system alongwith connecting CMOS ICs and flexible elec-tronic circuits First we rely to a large degreeon capacitive and inductive electrical connec-tions instead of hardwired connections Second we reduce the number of CMOSndashtondashsensor-array wire interconnects so that typi-cally there are only 3ndash5 interconnects whencontrolling between 10 and 100 separate sensors (Fig 3)

Figure 2 shows a schematic of the physicalarchitecture of our large-area sensor systemsIn these systems discrete subsystem sheetsare laminated together to form a single multi-layer sheet The functional thin-film sub-systems are fabricated on sheets and theCMOS IC is mounted on its own sheet Thesheets are laminated and are up-and-downinterconnected inductively as most are in Fig 2 or capacitively as denoted with the topelectrode plate in Fig 2 Not shown is a largepassive sheet that provides in-plane intercon-nection for all functional sheets above andbeneath

Important to note is that the number ofwires connected to the IC is small This ismade possible by specialized thin-film circuitson the functional planes These consist ofsensor arrays scanning circuits oscillatorsrectifiers battery-charge controllers and circuits for sensor calibration and data com-pression The sensor arrays aside these circuits have few components and are smallenough to be made on yarn without stiffeningit excessively

The architecture of the TFT-based strain-sensing sheet is shown in Fig 4 In our archi-

tecture sensors are sequentially polled using a custom scanning circuit fabricated on the



Fig 2 A schematic of the physical architecture of an autonomous flexible large-area strain-sensor-array sheet system shows four sub-layers7

Fig 3 A strain-sensing system incorporatesinductive and capacitive signal transfer froma CMOS chip (IC domain) to a large-areaflexible sheet (LAE domain) This system uses only two inductive and two capacitive interfaces8


same substrate with the same technology asour TFT-based sensor elements By readingout sensors in a multiplexed manner we cantransmit data from the large area to the CMOSdomain over a single connection Due to themodular nature of the scanning circuit a singlecircuit can support N number of sensorsHowever in practice the number of sensorsthat can be polled is limited by the maximumsampling rate of the scanning circuit which inthe case of an amorphous-silicon implementa-tion is in the kHz range (~1 kHz for a fullypassive scanning circuit6 and ~10 kHz for apowered scanning circuit) In addition to thesignal connection a small number of controlconnections are also required

As shown in Fig 4 the connections betweenthe large-area electronics (LAE) and theCMOS domain physically consist of capaci-tive and inductive links which can be used totransmit both signals and power Because nomechanical and ohmic connections areinvolved in a wearable application yarnscontaining insulated electrical conductorswould be left free to move against each otherIn order to transmit signals from the LAE tothe CMOS domain via inductive or capacitivelinks the signals need to be converted fromDC to AC This step is carried out by a TFT-based Gilbert modulator which amplifies thesignal from the TFT strain sensor and alsomodulates it from DC to AC

Form Factors of Components AreAdaptable for WearablesMany of the devices employed in the systemillustrated in Fig 4 are small examples arediodes and transistors Others such as capacitorsinductors solar cells and thin-film batteriesare large Whether small or large their foot-print must be changed from 2-D to 1-D to naturally conform with the yarn of wearablesIn many cases one can go from large-area 2-D components to textile-compatible 1-Dcomponents by simply resizing the compo-nent Metalized fibers cut from metal-coatedpolymer film and then edge-sealed are avail-able commercially in thicknesses down to 20 microm which is in the range of fine fibersspun to yarn for clothing and textiles (fibersare spun to yarn yarns may be plied to threadyarns or threads are woven or knitted to tex-tiles) Two-sided metallization will convertsuch fibers into capacitors The dimensions of the thin-film active devices used for sensors amplifiers and rectifiers also are commensu-

rate with fine textile-grade fibers A fine fiberwith a circumference of ~ 50 microm will easilyaccommodate a TFT as illustrated in Fig 6Note that textile yarns which are spun from fibers have diameters in the low 100-microm range Sparsely woven yarns containing one elec-tronic fiber will have a minimal effect on thehand of the textile An example of a knit fab-ric that incorporates wire is shown in Fig 5

While some of the physical implementa-tions of large-area system components areeasily adapted to wearables others pose challenges The challenges derive in partfrom physical principles and in part fromphysical implementation Capacitors andinductors illustrate the challenge By theirphysics both are inherently 2-D devices Butboth can be made in physical implementationsthat are close to 1-D Synthetic fiber cut fromfilm with two-sided metallization can be con-figured as 1-D capacitors and close to 1-Dmicro-inductors can be made from commer-cial copper on flex While these will transmitlow-power signals in 1-D fiber format theywill be too small for contact-free transmissionof power even in the mW range While solarcells on fiber have been demonstrated DCinterconnecting such PV fibers would makethe fabric too rigid and wire-free AC inter-connection would require the integration ofoscillators on each PV fiber Batteries rely onvolume and are therefore inherently 3-D

devices Most likely solar cells and batterieswill have to be integrated into autonomouswearables as patches or in pockets

Power Savings of Body-Length WiringWhen spun as part of a yarn fine insulatedmetal wires can enable considerable powersavings over wireless intra-wearable linksThis may become an important advantage for


Fig 4 In this architectural block diagram of the strain-sensing subsystem TFT circuits in thelarge-area electronics (LAE) domain enable interconnecting with the CMOS domain over as fewas four points The library of thin-film circuits includes oscillatorspower converters scanchains and instrumentation amplifiers6

Fig 5 This jersey fabric is woven from ayarn of polyethersulfone fiber blended with25-microm-diameter silver-plated copper wireImage source httpwwwswicofilcomelektro_ feindraht_applicationshtml


autonomous wearables For our work onlarge-area electronics we determined theenergy per transmitted bit over body-lengthwire interconnects The top portion of Fig 7shows the experiment where transceivers(TxRx) are interconnected via inductive couplers and copper-on-plastic wires Thebottom portion of Fig 7 shows that communi-cation over wires needs considerably lessenergy per bit than wireless communicationThis approach to wired communication lever-ages the modulation of digital data ensuringstrong coupling over the inductive interfacesand with modulation performed to the resonant point of the interconnect and couplernetwork minimizing transmit energy thanksto maximized effective impedance Becausethe wire impedance may vary during the useof wearables the TxRx ICs must be capableof self-adjusting the modulation frequency tomatch the resonant point of the wirelineimpedance

Wearables as Part of an Ecosystem ofElectronically Enhanced SpacesFlexible displays and other large-area inter-faces are in a unique position to complementthe limited IO capabilities of current wear-able products and augment their ability tointeract with the external macroscopic worldLarge-area IO interfaces distributed through-out public spaces could add much value towearable products by seamlessly connectingwith them The small form factor of manycurrent wearables such as smartwatches orbracelets means that the most common IOdevices they can adopt are small displays and



Fig 6 Left Todayrsquos typical TFT used inlarge-area circuits may be millimeters widebut is only tens of micrometers long (in TFTsldquolengthrdquo is measured in the direction of cur-rent from source to drain) Right The TFTrsquosfootprint fits the circumference of a fine textilefiber which is ~ 50 microm

Fig 7 At top is shown a test of powerrequirements for low-voltage AC transmissionover wires configured for large-area electron-ics At both ends of the interconnects the signal is coupled inductively to transceiversBottom The red line traces the energyneeded for transmission over a wire while the blue data points show published data forwireless transmission9


microphonesspeakers for audio interactionThe small size of the displays forces developersto design simplified graphical user interfaces(GUIs) which restricts the complexity of software for these devices and can lead to anawkward workflow for users Similarly audiointerfaces are hampered by the lack of accu-racy of voice-recognition technology eventhough significant advances have been madeover the last 20 years Even if wearable prod-ucts were to be scaled to cover an entire bodyaccessing certain IO devices such as a dis-play could still be inconvenient

In the future we believe one of the greatestopportunities for wearable electronics comesnot from viewing them in isolation but rathertreating them as one of the building blocks foran electronic ecosystem With the develop-ment of large-area electronics and low-costmanufacturing techniques electronics arebecoming ever more ubiquitous It will even-tually be viable for public spaces to haveambient large-area displays and other IOdevices readily available for users Theselarge-area interfaces could seamlessly connectwith wearable devices to provide increasedfunctionality for the user For example a person could use a wearable smartwatch tomonitor heart rate when exercising at the gymInstead of incurring the inconvenience of aperson looking at a watch while exercisingthe information could be wirelessly transmit-ted to a wallpaper-format display located onthe nearest wall Furthermore instead of trying to control the smartwatch through itsown small touch screen the watch could inter-face with a large-area gesture-recognition system

To harness the full potential of wearablestechnology developers should focus on appli-cations that treat wearables as part of anecosystem with ever more ubiquitous elec-tronics In doing so they can benefit from therich knowledge base and manufacturing infra-structure offered by flexible electronics

References1J Lee and V Subramanian ldquoOrganic transis-tors on fiber A first step toward electronictextilesrdquo IEEE IEDM Tech Dig 831(2003) httpieeexploreieeeorgxplsabs_all jsparnumber=13865972M Hamedi R Forchheimer and O InganaumlsldquoTowards woven logic from organic elec-tronic fibresrdquo Nature Mater 6 357 (2007)httpdxdoiorg101038nmat1884

3E Bonderover and S Wagner ldquoA woveninverter circuit for e-textile applicationsrdquoIEEE Electron Device Letters 25 295ndash297(2004) httpieeexploreieeeorgxplsabs_alljsparnumber=1295112amptag=14A Abouraddy M Bayindir G Benoit SHart K Kuriki N Orf O Shapira F SorinB Temelkuran and Y Fink ldquoTowards multi-material multifunctional fibers that see hearsense and communicaterdquo Nature Mater 6336 (2007) httpdxdoiorg101038nmat18895S Egusa Z Wang N Chocat Z M Ruff A M Stolyarov D Shemuly F Sorin P T Rakich J D Joannopoulos and Y FinkldquoMultimaterial piezoelectric fibresrdquo NatureMater 9 643 (2010) httpdxdoiorg101038nmat27926Y Hu L Huang W Rieutort-Louis J Sanz-Robinson S Wagner JC Sturm andN Verma ldquoA self-powered system for large-scale strain sensing by combining CMOS ICswith large-area electronicsrdquo IEEE Journal ofSolid-State Circuits 49 No4 838ndash850(2014) httpieeexploreieeeorgxplarticleDetailsjsparnumber=67024997W Rieutort-Louis J Sanz-Robinson T Moy L Huang Y Hu Y Afsar J CSturm N Verma and S Wagner ldquoIntegratingand interfacing flexible electronics in hybridlarge-area systemsrdquo IEEE Trans Compo-nents Packaging and Manufacturing Technology (in press)8Y Hu W Rieutort-Louis J Sanz-RobinsonL Huang B Glisic J C Sturm S Wagnerand N Verma ldquoLarge-Scale Sensing SystemCombining Large-Area Electronics andCMOS ICs for Structural-Health MonitoringrdquoIEEE J Solid State Circuits 49 No2513ndash523 (2014) httpieeexploreieeeorgxplarticleDetailsjsparnumber=67097679N Verma Y Hu L Huang W Rieutort-Louis J Sanz-Robinson T Moy B Glisic S Wagner and J C Sturm ldquoEnabling scala-ble hybrid systems architectures for exploit-ing large-area electronics in applicationsrdquoProc IEEE 103 No4 690ndash712 (2015)httpieeexploreieeeorgxplarticleDetailsjsparnumber=7110435 n


Display Week 2016Networking Events

May 22ndash27 2016Looking to meet up with

your colleagues in the displayindustry to discuss

technology business or just socialize The events

below present just that type of opportunity

Annual Awards Dinner MondayEach year SID recognizes individualsthat have played a critical role inimproving the display industryThis yearrsquos winners will be honoredat an awards banquet taking placethe evening of May 23Business Conference Reception Monday Follows the Business Conferenceplease note conference attendance isrequired for admissionAnnual Award LuncheonWednesday The annual Best in Show and DisplayIndustry Awards Luncheon will take place at noon on Wednesday May 25 Both awards are peer-reviewedsuch that the luncheon is well-attended by captains of industry forhigh-level networking and recogni-tion of the best in the industry overthe last yearInvestors Conference The IC will feature presentationsfrom leading public and private companies in the display technologysupply chain and encourage ques-tions and discussion between pre-senters and participants Concludeswith Drinks amp Displays NetworkingReception with Presenters andInvestorsMarket Focus Conference Reception Wednesday May 25 Follows the Wednesday MarketFocus Conference title and programTBD please note conference atten-dance is required for admissionwwwdisplayweekorg


TELEMEDICINE ndash the remote diagnosisand treatment of patients via telecommunica-tions technology ndash has been undergoing rapid development thanks to the spread of small andlow-power devices distributed wireless networksand portable communication systems By using telemedicine procedures it will soon be possi-ble to share medical data through secured pro-tocols between patients and medical providers The main benefits of telemedicine includecost savings in terms of fewer hours workedby doctors and nurses and lower occupancy ofhospital beds and lifestyle enhancementbecause patients will be able to make fewertrips to healthcare facilities for routine exams

The healthcare processes supported bytelemedicine can be described accordingly

bull Prevention This service is very impor-tant for people affected by high-risk disorders for example diabetes and cardiac diseases

bull Diagnosis It is possible to obtain adiagnosis without leaving home

bull Therapy This process is probably morefar off in the future than the other threelisted here the goal is to automaticallyadapt the appropriate medical therapy tothe patientrsquos health conditions

bull Rehabilitation This patient service isapplied after hospitalization and can beused in nursing homes rehabilitationcenters or the patientrsquos home An examplemight be for the monitoring of mobilityrecovery after orthopaedic operations

The most important available tools oftelemedicine are

bull Telemonitoring This service allows themonitoring of vital parameters ofpatients particularly when they areaffected by serious pathologies

bull Teleconsulting This service occursbetween patients and health workerswith video support for communication

bull Telereporting This service refers to datatransmission between two differenthealth workers who need to comparetheir ideas about a patientrsquos condition

bull Teleconferencing This service occurs among a group of health workers whouse video conferencing to discuss apatientrsquos pathology

Of the above telemedicine services tele-monitoring is the most important and has three main phases (1) acquisition of clinical data from the patient about his or her condition (2) send-ing of patientrsquos data to medical centers or to data storage for further processing and evaluationand (3) sending of feedback message to thepatient about the receivedstored clinical data

This service is used for monitoring the vitalparameters of patients in particular when they

are affected by serious pathologies Specificdata can be measured continuously or at fixedintervals Once data has been delivered medical personnel can perform data analysisA typical structure for such a service consist-ing of sensors mounted on patients a mobiledevice to capture the information from thesensors and a healthcare service to receive the data from the device appears in Fig 1This structure is generally known as a wire-less biomedical sensors network (WBSN) and it is basically an architecture of sensors(the nodes) that communicate with a gateway central node (the coordinator or mobiledevice) that receives the information and thensends it to a healthcare service12 A WBSNwhich can be used for different applicationsallows patients to move freely thanks to thesmall size and light weight of the nodes andthe wireless connections among them Such a system is capable of providing not onlygreater comfort for patients but economicadvantages for healthcare systems

Some portable WBSNs for pregnancy diag-nosis have been proposed but the complexityof the measurements requires additionalefforts in improving existing systems reliabilityand accuracy The device described in thisarticle is at the prototype stage It demon-strates high portability ease of use naturalinterfacing with portable electronics and reliable data management

Many digital devices can be used to receivemeasured data from the distributed sensors

Diagnostic Systems for Pregnancy Healthcarethrough Telemedicine NetworkingPortable sensors and wireless networks are creating new applications in the field of pregnancy healthcare and fetal-wellness monitoring Portable devices and smartphones can be used as network coordinators and user interfaces for remote diagnoses from home

by Giorgio De Pasquale and Angela Lentini

Giorgio De Pasquale and Angela Lentini arewith the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the Politecnico di Torino in Italy De Pasquale can bereached at giorgiodepasqualepolitoit


enabling technology

ID DePasquale p18-22_Layout 1 7232015 952 PM Page 18

network on the patientrsquos body by means ofshort-range wireless communication Forinstance portable devices such as smart-phones and tablets which are now common inhospital settings as well as homes can workas network coordinators through simple soft-ware applications and BluetoothWiFi portsWhen the measured values reach a giventhreshold level a first-warning message issent to the hospital (Fig 1) the number ofwarnings and their timing intervals will suggest the next move ndash a doctor might beadvised to call the patient at home for exampleandor have her come to the hospital

The most important telemonitoring servicesare in the area of cardiac pathologies dialysisand diabetes The fundamental physiologicalparameters detected generally include heartrate blood pressure blood-oxygen saturationmovements and breathing These services already use biomedical wearable sensors which have very small dimensionsand low power consumption in clinical settings They are generally user-friendlyefficient reliable and safe They also allowthe monitoring of physiological parametersfor long periods using rechargeable batteriesIn addition researchers have recently proposedpower generation that would occur directly onthe human body by means of electro-mechanicaltransducers (energy harvesters) based forinstance on piezoelectric materials

The small dimensions of sensors suggestthe possibility of developing smart clotheswith embedded electronic components for themonitoring of vital parameters Smart clotheswould also presumably allow a more transparentand continuous (rather than sporadic throughattached sensors) monitoring of physiologicalparameters and thus provide more alerts toemergency services when those parametersexceeded given thresholds This would notonly save lives but bring about a reduction indamage caused by acute events such as heartattacks

Fetal-Wellness ProjectWe believe that the remote diagnostic of fetalheart wellness during pregnancy is an idealand innovative application of WBSN In factsolutions based on wearable sensors and datanetworking could provide significant benefitsfor the remote diagnostic of pregnant patientsthrough self-examination at home At thistime several commercial wearable biomedicalsensors for pregnancy monitoring are avail-

able3ndash8 Portable communication devices(such as mobile phones) have several softwareapplications supporting connections withexternal sensors as well as the possibility ofstoring the measured data However these

simple networks are limited to the sphere ofpersonal use and have no measured medicalvalue In order to validate this potentiallyuseful application our research group isworking on new types of smart sensor


Fig 1 In this potential structure for telemedicine services the distributed sensors networksends the measured data to the local network coordinator (represented for instance by a smart-phone) which is connected to the Internet for sharing data through secured protocols with med-ical centers

Fig 2 A traditional system for cardiotocography presently used in hospitalsrsquo obstetric unitsincorporates a sensor for contractions and a sensor for the fetal heartbeat


networks for fetal heart-rate detection that areable to provide the sensitivity and samplingfrequency typical of professional instruments910

Our research group has worked for severalyears on self-powered and wearable sensors11ndash14Our current goal is to apply telemedicine to aspecific medical field of obstetrics the fetalheart telemonitoring project briefly describedin this article is aimed at developing proto-types for wearable sensors with wireless Internet connection for cardiotocography(CTG) examinations during pregnancy

The methodology and facilities for preg-nancy examinations have changed little overmany years while innovations introduced bytelemedicine have the potential to signifi-cantly improve the efficiency of hospital practices and to reduce the associated cost andeffort on the part of healthcare workersSome examples of portable sensors fortelemedicine have been introduced in the literature For instance the cardiotocographby Korostelev et al15 connects a pressure sensor and an ultrasonic sensor to portabledevices using the Android operating systemA system developed by Boeing et al16 forpregnancy monitoring detects the fetal heartsound with the principle of the stethoscope in

which the sound waves coming from thepatientrsquos body are captured by a microphoneand used to interpret the heartbeat of the fetusAnd a paper from C Tufo from the Universityof Naples17 presents some algorithms for thepost-processing of cardiotocography data

Our project started with the statisticalinvestigation of a population of 62 patients ina hospital obstetrics unit where it had beenobserved that 78 of patients had to travelmore than 10 km for pregnancy examinationsand 39 of those traveled more than 30 kmStarting from the 36th week of pregnancy theexam is repeated once per week for allpatients in the last two weeks of the pregnancythese exams are required one to three timesper week for all patients and in the case ofhigh-risk pregnancies a frequency of one or more times a day is also possible depending on the specific pathology of the patient A totalof 96 of the patients interviewed expresseda very positive opinion about a home devicethat would be able to replace the hospitalexamination 2 reported a moderately positive impression and another 2 did notrecognize any immediate benefit from thistechnology Clearly these pregnant patientswere extremely positive about the idea of fetal

hearth telemonitoring This survey was con-ducted by referring to an ideal telemonitoringsystem that was not in use at the time of theinterviews but these results provide additionalmotivation regarding the development of thesystem

The examination is called ldquocardiotocographyrdquoand is based on the measurement of the fetalheartbeat regularity It requires two modes ofdetection one for the contractions of thepatient and another for the heartbeat of thefetus (Fig 2) The exam takes from 45 to 100 minutes and requires the patient to stay perfectly still Detection made with the hospital instrumentation is almost completelyautomatic however large and heavy devicesmust be used and the assistance of specialists(nurses and technicians) is mandatory One ofthe main challenges associated with remotecardiotocography is miniaturizing the instru-mentation without losing important informa-tion The sensing strategy of portableinstruments is different and less accurate thanthat of instruments operated in hospitals ndash weare striving to preserve the integrity of themost important data which can identify the necessity of further and more accurate analysis The detection modes are similar to those athome in that the patient cannot move aroundbut the difference is they are completely auto-matic do not require specialistrsquos assistanceand do not require a trip to the hospital

The portable monitoring device beingdeveloped by our team also uses two types ofsensors one for fetal heartbeat monitoring andone for uterine-contraction monitoring Thesensors are wireless and can communicatewith traditional portable communicationdevices (smartphones tablets smart watchesetc) The cardiotocography data are reportedon the portable device display as they aremeasured before being sent via the Internet tothe obstetric unit of the hospital for detailedanalysis Finally the cardiotocography dataare stored in the patient database Remotefetal health monitoring is designed to usesecure protocols to share measurementsbetween the patient and the medical providerIf issues are indicated during the routineexamination the patient must then move tothe hospital for full analysis

The block diagram shown in Fig 3 showsthe workflow of the remote system for thediagnosis of the fetal heart rate When thesensors are activated they send data to theportable device which processes the received

enabling technology


Fig 3 The proposed system for the monitoring of fetal heart rates incorporates different protocols for abnormalities vs ldquonormalrdquo results


information and also verifies the proper positioning of sensors on the body (throughthe evaluation of signal noise) In case ofincorrect positioning an error message sent tothe mobile devices display informs the userOtherwise the data are measured temporarilystored and processed The implemented algorithm is able to detect the occurence ofunexpected measurements and to recognizeisolated or repeated anomalies In the firstcase the smart device sends the processeddata to the hospital obstetric unit In the second case a warning message (indicatingthe possibility of wrongmissed measurementor over-threshold value) is displayed on theportable device before sending the data to thehospital Then if alterations in cardiotocographyare detected the emergency medical service isactivated for direct assistance at the patientrsquoshome

The portable telemonitoring system is composed of three main parts the sensor theelectronics and the mobile device The electronic circuit (Fig 4) includes a micro-processor a wireless transmission port andtwo batteries for the power supply The over-all dimensions of the circuit are 100 times 60 times 30mm Figure 5 shows the architecture of thetelemonitoring system and Fig 6 the applica-tion interface for smartphone displays

Challenges and PossibilitiesThe rapid evolution of telemedicine and wear-able sensors technology is opening up thequality and convenience of care for patientsincluding and especially pregnant womenAmong the main benefits of this progressivedevelopment is a reduction in healthcare systems costs The positive impacts on thelifestyles of patients who would not have to

travel long distances to healthcare centers arealso of major benefit

The system described in this article is in the prototype stage the firmware and circuitshave been optimized for operating in con-trolled conditions The next phase willaddress the improvement of system reliabilitythe cost reduction of components reducedpackaging size and certification The systemhas been tested on the human body by volun-teer researchers who measured heart rates andblood pressure In future applications partic-ular effort will be given to the user interfaceand subsequent reduction of false positivewarnings ndash this depends to a great degree onthe way the sensors are set up on the bodyThe non-specialist use of the device mustinclude very easy learning procedures andclear responses from the system

There are no particular limitations withregard to the diffusion of the system exceptfor technical issues associated with the GSM

network coverage of geographical areas inquestion The telemonitoring strategyexploited by the system developed in thiswork has many potential applications in medical examinations beyond fetal health-care For instance the remote diagnosis ofpathologies related to glycemia posturalrecovery after traumas skin eyes throat etc can be supported by the same electronic hardware and dedicated sensors and firm-ware

The development of displays specificallydesigned for these applications mdash whichmight include those of very high resolutionand low power mdash can improve the global performances of the system We believe thetelemedicine market is very promising for thedevelopment of the display sector And ofcourse we believe that using currently avail-able remote fetal heart-monitoring technologytelemedicine is a likely alternative for hospitalobstetric units worldwide


Fig 4 One node of the distributed sensors network includes the wireless transmission unit (toplevel) the sensors circuit (middle level) and the microprocessor (low level) two rechargeablebatteries provide the power supply

Fig 5 The structure for the proposed fetal heart-rate monitoring system also incorporates a portable hardware node that would receive the databefore sending it on to the mobile device


References1P E Ross ldquoManaging care through the airrdquoIEEE Spectrum 41 No 12 pp 26ndash31(December 2004)2D Malan T Fulford-Jones M Welsh and S Moulton ldquoCodeBlue An Ad Hoc SensorNetwork Infrastructure for Emergency Med-ical Carerdquo (2004)3E Jovanov A OrsquoDonnell Lords D Raskovic P G Cox R Adhami and F AndrasikldquoStress Monitoring Using a Distributed Wire-less Intelligent Sensor Systemrdquo IEEE EngMed Biol Mag 22 Issue 3 49ndash55 (2003)4T Martin E Jovanov and D RaskovicldquoIssues in Wearable Computing for MedicalMonitoring Applications A Case Study of aWearable ECG Monitoring Devicerdquo Proc 4th

Intl Symposium on Wearable Computers43ndash49 (2000)5M Milenkovic E Jovanov and J ChapmanldquoAn Accelerometer-Based Physical Rehabili-tation Systemrdquo Proc 34th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory 57ndash60 (2002) 6R Isais K Nguyen G Perez R Rubio andH Nazeran ldquoA low-cost microcontroller-based wireless ECG-blood pressure telemoni-tor for home carerdquo Engineering in Medicineand Biology Society Proceedings of the 25thAnnual International Conference of the IEEE3157ndash3160 (2003)7P Bonato P J Mork D M Sherrill and R H Westgaard ldquoData mining of motor patterns recorded with wearable technologyrdquoIEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology

Magazine 22 No 3 110ndash119 (May 2003)8ACaduff ldquoFirst human experiments with anovel non-invasive nonoptical continuousglucose monitoring systemrdquo Biosensors andBioelectronics 19 No 3 209ndash217 (November2003) 9R Paradiso ldquoWearable Health Care Systemfor Vital Signs Monitoringrdquo Proc 4th AnnIEEE Conf on Information Technology Applications in Biomedicine 283ndash286 (2003)10D De Rossi F Carpi F Lorussi A Mazzoldi R Paradiso E P Scilingo and A Tognetti ldquoElectroactive fabrics and wearable biomonitoring devicesrdquo AUTEXResearch Journal 3 No 4 (December 2003)11G De Pasquale and A Somagrave ldquoEnergy har-vesting from human motion with piezo fibersfor the body monitoring by MEMS sensorsrdquoProc Symposium on Design Test Integrationand Packaging of MEMSMOEMS DTIP2013 Barcelona Spain 79ndash84 (16ndash18 April2013)12G De Pasquale Biomechanical Energy Harvesting ldquoDesign testing and future trendsfor healthcare and humanndashmachine inter-facesrdquo Innovative Materials and Systems forEnergy Harvesting Applications edited by L Mescia O Losito and F PrudenzanoChapter 11 IGI Global (2015)13G De Pasquale S G Kim and D DePasquale ldquoGoldFinger wireless wearablehumanndashmachine interface powered by bio-mechanical energy harvesting with dedicatedsoftwarerdquo IEEEASME Transactions onMechatronics (in press)14G De Pasquale ldquoArtificial human joint forthe characterization of piezoelectric transduc-ers in self-powered telemedicinerdquo Applica-tions Meccanica (in press)15M Korostelev L Bai J Wu C C Tan andD Mastrogiannis ldquoBody Sensor Networks inFetal Monitoring with NFC Enabled AndroidDevicesrdquo Proceedings of the 7th Interna-tional Conference on Body Area Networks 9ndash12 (2012)16J Boeing T Gatlin E Hendler and E Hyde Fetal Heart Rate Monitor for Resource-Lim-ited Settings (University of Michigan 2012)17C Tufo ldquoSviluppo e confronto di algoritmidi filtraggio del segnale fonocardiograficoaddominale per lrsquoestrazione della frequenzacardiaca fetalerdquo Tesi di Laurea SpecialisticaUniversitagrave degli Studi di Napoli ndash Federico II(2011) n

enabling technology


Fig 6 This graphical interface for the application developed to support the telemonitoringsystem would appear on smartphonetablet displays


Official Monthly Publication of the Society for Information Display

ltA0Alt91=6lt

amp1C2A6642=22AA6C2

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(767020862(gt170lt5608046620+$08054amp=20692AB2ampltltD1ampF=lt6B$2C62D6=9F228A90229A21205lt9lt462182A$lt720A6lt 2Alt9lt4FD2925 16Alt690ltA2A=lt=lt91B2(7 109lt64

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2gt89497(9009gt57(104579()24525gtamp=20692AB2$ltA922C602ampAB1FltB0582A(=1A229A21205lt9lt462182AA2692=9022A08=9249369A92AA=5lt2(7 16Alt690ltA2A=lt=lt91B24 109lt6460(208970)9054 )2560921Blt6=9F62946B

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MATERIALS

AND FLEX

IBLE TECHN

OLOGY ISSU

E

Official Monthly Publication of the Society for Information Display bull wwwinformationdisplayorg

JanFeb 2

014

Vol 30 No

1

TABLETS AND TOUCH ISSUE

Official Monthly Publication of the Society for Information Display bull wwwinformationdisplayorg JulyAugust 2014Vol 30 No 4

Editorial Calendar_Layout 1 1192014 120 PM Page 50

BENEFITING FROM new tablet PCapplications and a technology shift from resistive to projected-capacitive (PCAP) withhigher average selling prices (ASPs) theentire touch-panel market enjoyed remarkableshipment and revenue growth from 2010 to2013 Revenue growth was particularlynotable increasing by almost 60 YY inboth 2010 and 2011 However after 2013fierce competition began driving a revenuedecline In 2014 shipments were up 13YY but revenues declined 10 YY due tointense pricing pressure (Table 1)The competition is not finished yet The

industry will see further supply-chain consoli-dation And the technology evolution contin-ues We expect to see emerging trends such asembedded touch from panel makers enhance-ment of user touch-screen experiences and newapplications

Touch-Panel Market ReviewFrom 2010 to 2013 there were two criticalfactors that helped to increase touch-paneldemand one was the iPad which created anew larger-sized application in 2010 and theother was the Android 40 operating systemwhich enabled non-Apple brands of smart-phones and tablet PCs to become more popularIn the meantime smartphone penetration inemerging markets was deepening especiallyin China and the Asia-Pacific (APAC) regionMobile phones have been responsible formore than 76 of shares for all touch-moduleshipments

Tablet PCs represent a more than 14 shareof the market by unit volume Compared tomobile phones the larger size of tablets givesthem the potential to generate higher rev-enues However tablet PCs encountered ashipment decline in 2014 (239 million with a4 YY decline) because of product maturityand weak replacement demand Many expertsexpected Windows 8 to create a new growthdynamic for touch in 2013 bringing it to awider range of devices including laptops butit failed Penetration of notebook applicationsreached only 11 for example Consequentlymobile phones have been the major applica-tion driving shipment growth in recent monthsAs for revenues 2014 was a turning point

After touch makers experienced high growthfor years revenues declined 10 YY in2014 Add-on-type PCAP panels accountedfor 65 (embedded PCAP panels are notincluded in this figure) of mobile-phone appli-cations resistive panels had a 155 share in2012 this dropped to 08 in 2014 The posi-tive influence of larger-sized applications andtechnology shifts disappeared in 2014 Mostgross profits of makers were lower by 7ndash8in 2014 The average was gt10 in 2013Taiwan-based TPK one of the top touch-solution providers showed a 14ndash18 declineduring 2012In the near future we might not see

increased revenues for large-sized touch-enabled applications with remarkable volumesSome new applications such as automotivedisplays and smartwatches may be helpfulalthough the demand for these will not be ashuge as for smartphones With the slight possible exception of the Apple Watch (selling

briskly at this writing) touch-enabled smart-watch applications are still uncertain becausethe long-range behavior of end users regard-ing them is uncertain Automotive applica-tions however look more promisingDuring the first half of 2014 Apple and

Google officially announced their automotiveplans ndash CarPlay and Android Auto respec-tively Each is designed to bring smartphoneOS platforms apps and services into automo-biles Instead of replacing the existingembedded automotive telematics systems thedesigners have just had automobiles leveragesmartphone eco-systems that allow usersaccess to whatever services they already havewith their smartphones A Lightning or microUSB port is used for connecting When thesmartphone is docked it can use the interiorcontrol panel for display output as wellThe availability of this functionality should

encourage auto makers to better design thedisplays in cars The control panel in the central position could be an ideal position(dashboard cluster displays are usuallydirectly in front of the wheel) Without thesmartphone docked the control-panel displayis still used for information about interiorvehicle settings such as air conditioningentertainment and navigation After dockingthe same display can display services from thesmartphone for use Users can easily switchthe sources of the display back and forthThere are more than 28 auto makers now

supporting CarPlay and Android Auto Thismeans auto makers understand that the smart-phone industry can be a supporter instead of acompetitor New user interfaces such as touchscreens will continue to be introduced and

Touch-Panel Market Dynamics and TrendsDespite market maturity in consumer applications the touch industry is experiencing newdynamic competition that will lead to enhanced user experiences in 2015

by Calvin Hsieh

Calvin Hsieh is a Research Director at IHSHe can be reached at calvinhsiehihscom


display marketplace

ID Hsieh p24-27_Layout 1 7262015 122 PM Page 24

generally adopted replacing substantial buttons Compared with other user interfacessuch as speech recognition and gesture touch-screen technology is currently more matureand efficient to use

Embedded Technologies from PanelMakersMobile phones are still the most critical appli-cation for touch but the component supplychain suffers from fierce competition and serious ASP challenges Besides touch modules mobile-phone-display ASPs alsohave dramatically declined in recent yearsPanel makers are more interested in embeddedvarieties that will increase their ASPs SinceApplersquos in-cell touch was successfullyadopted for the iPhone 5 in 2012 panel makers have been encouraged In 2014embedded technology (including in-cell TFT-LCD on-cell TFT-LCD and on-cellAMOLED) grabbed a more than 35 ship-ment share of mobile-phone applications(Table 2)

Embedded touch technology has beenaround for years but the only major adoptingbrands before 2013 were Apple and SamsungApple has its own in-cell patent (segmentedVcom USPTO 8243027) and Samsung Display Co has adopted on-cell AMOLEDAlthough panel makers have proposed somein-cell technologies and structures beginningat around 2007 all of them have failed interms of mass production Almost all avail-able and produced in-cell sensor structuresnow are related to Applersquos patent and coreconcept ndash segmented VcomOn-cell AMOLED (by RGB stripe) has

recently benefited from technology that incor-porates encapsulation glass without a color filter Consequently the sensor-patterningprocess has a lower impact on panel fabrica-tion Due to Samsungrsquos resource occupationand product positioning on-cell AMOLED isgenerally used for the companyrsquos premiummodels In 2015 Samsung plans to adoptmore on-cell AMOLED displays for the mid-range due to declining handset market share

and sufficient Gen 55 capacity On-cellAMOLED can probably be the differentiationpoint for entry- and middle-level productsOn the other hand on-cell LCD grabbed itsinitial success during the 2013ndash2014 timeframe as the middle- and entry-level smart-phone markets boomed in ChinaOn-cell-touch TFT-LCD sensor patterning

places the touch sensors (Tx Rx electrodesand traces) on the top side of the color-filterglass but beneath the polarizer Earlier in2009 panel makers adopted single-side ITO(SITO both X and Y electrodes are located onthe same substrate side but with the bridge orjumper for insulation) patterning for thesmartphone market but without successSince 2013 single-layer patterning for on-cellTFT-LCD has brought new opportunities topanel makers The market share reached52 of all touch-module shipments formobile-phone applications in 2014 it waseven less than 05 in 2013 During 2014more panel makers in Taiwan and Chinadeveloped on-cell TFT-LCD for entry- and


Table 1 The overall touch-module market shipments and revenues forecast shows a slowing of growth through 2018and declines or modest increases in revenues Source IHS Quarterly Touch Panel Market Analysis Report Q1rsquo15

Shipments (000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total 1290641 1511751 1701456 1922022 2114063 2279280 2401443

YY Growth 17 17 13 13 10 8 5

Revenues (US$000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total $23224147 $28557077 $25605443 $24555622 $24279585 $24489829 $24817533

YY Growth 41 23 -10 -4 -1 1 1

Table 2 Touch-module shipment shares for mobile-phone applications show dramatic increases in PCAP shipmentsthrough at least 2019 Source IHS Quarterly Touch Panel Market Analysis Report Q1rsquo15

Units (000s) Year Technology 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

In-cell TFT-LCD 75 125 159 163 168 174 180 187

On-cell AMOLED 120 162 148 152 153 153 154 154

On-cell TFT-LCD 00 04 52 69 84 94 100 104

Projected Capacitive (add-on types) 650 672 634 610 592 578 566 555

Resistive 155 36 08 05 03 01 00 00

Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000


mid-level smartphones Additionally 7ndash8-intablet PCs and gt10-in notebook-PC applica-tions have become the focus of these panelmakers It is still too early to make a judg-ment on the outcome of this war of touch-sensor integration (embedded technology)However panel makers have some advantagessuch as business scale and capital so as topose a real threat to the touch-module makersHowever not all panel makers prefer on-

cell LCD JDI is famous for its hybrid in-cell(Pixel Eyes) and LG Display for its ldquoadvancedin-cell touchrdquo (AIT) based on self-sensingprinciples We can expect there will be newcompetition in the embedded sector during2015 On-cell development and adoption wasearlier and is faster than in-cell (Apple notincluded) but it is still not possible to say that on-cell is the final winner among panelmakersThe definitions and differences of in-cell

and on-cell have no clear criteria Conven-tionally the sensor patterned on the upperglass (encapsulation or color-filter glass) wascalled ldquoon-cellrdquo and the TFT backplane glassldquoin-cellrdquo But some makers used sensorsembedded with a black matrix (color-filterglass) and called it ldquoin-cellrdquo Or the X-Yelectrodes were respectively placed on theupper and backplane glass to create ldquohybridin-cellrdquo Now in 2015 the new definition forldquoon-cellrdquo seems to mean that the sensor is patterned on the top side (facing users) of theencapsulation or color-filter glass At leastone electrode (usually Tx) at the positioninside the open cell or display component(that is between the bottom and upper glass)is categorized as ldquoin-cellrdquo This new defini-tion fits what most makers are now developingSynaptics proposes ldquohybrid in-cell (HIC)rdquo

and ldquofull in-cell (FIC)rdquo for its in-cell structurevariations The former (HIC) has X-Y elec-trodes (Tx and Rx) on the backplane and acolor filter respectively such as is used forJDIrsquos Pixel Eyes In FIC technology the X-Yelectrodes are only on the TFT backplanesuch as for LG Displayrsquos AIT Besides JDIand LG Applersquos patent is the most popular in-cell technology and structure

VcomApplersquos in-cell patent and technology use akey principle segmented Vcom Before thepatent panel makers designed specific sensorparts into the displays and took advantage ofcapacitive (charge sensing) resistive (voltage

sensing) or optical (photo-sensing) principlesAlmost none of these were ever produced(except in a notebook from Sharp in 2009)Segmented Vcom makes use of the existingVcom layer in the display instead of an addi-tional sensor part Depending on the mode(IPS FFS VA or TN) Vcom is not specifi-cally patterned or segmented for display purposes but can be segmented for the touch-sensor electrode layoutDue to its serving both touch sensing and

display driving Vcom requires time sharingWhile it is used for display driving it cannotsupport touch sensing concurrently Conse-quently display and touch have to competewith each other for precious time resourcesUsually one 60-Hz display has a frame periodof 167 msec display driving consumes 10 msec leaving the rest for touch sensingThe situation will become even more seriousas the display resolution gets higher Higherresolution requires more time to deliver display signals but this makes the time available for touch sensing less so that thesensitivity is worse A potential solution is touse oxide to replace LTPS as the TFT technol-ogy a change that can shorten the time neededfor display addressing because of the betterelectron mobility and lower leakage current Pixel Eyes and AIT follow the same

segmented principle as Applersquos Vcom TheVcom layer of IPS and FFS modes is on theTFT backplane glass but the Vcom layer forthe VA mode is on the color-filter glass (bottom side)For Pixel Eyesrsquo hybrid in-cell Rx is on the

top side of the color-filter glass While PixelEyes is applied on IPS and FFS modes it usesthe Vcom on the TFT backplane so that theentire structure is quite similar to the GG (twopieces of glass) type For the VA mode thestructure of Pixel Eyes looks like the DITOtype (double-sided ITO both X and Y electrodes are located on the top and bottomsides of the substrate) Regarding the sensorpatterning of Pixel Eyes it requires that Rx beon the top side of the color-filter glass (similarto on-cell touch) and Tx by segmented Vcom Consequently the display production cost

of Pixel Eyes should be higher than that ofLGrsquos AIT which has only a single-layer sensor on the TFT backplane HoweverApplersquos in-cell production cost could behigher still Although Applersquos Tx and Rx areon the same substrate (Vcom on the TFTbackplane of the FFS mode) SITO-like

patterning and extremely high segmentationmake its yield rate lowerDuring 2015 we will see in-cell with

different structures (Applersquos Pixel Eyes andAIT) and on-cell (AMOLED and TFT-LCD)competing with add-on types However dueto the issues and limitations described abovein-cell is limited to smartphone sizes Biggerdisplays usually have higher resolution andmore channels so that time sharing and routingbecome more challenging Although on-cellcan be easier a single layer is not sensitiveenough for 8 in and above On-cell based onSITO with at least four photomasks can beapplied for notebook-PC sizes But consider-ing the cost-down trend of the add-on typeand sufficient supply chain larger sizesshould be the threshold for embedded typesConsequently we can expect that embedded-technology makers will focus on the smart-phone market for the next 1ndash2 years Alsodepending on in-cell-touch maturity panelmakers will probably take on-cell as a transi-tional technology and then adopt in-cell in thefuture

Tap-Sensing and Other PressureTechnologies Enhance Touch UserExperienceDespite the competition between panel makersand touch-module makers in a time of slowingmarket demand the mature user interface oftouch screens is not likely to bring many newsurprises to end users compared with what hasalready occurred over the past several yearsThere is however evolution In April Applereleased the Apple Watch and a new MacBookthat use its Force Touch and Taptic Enginetechnology Applersquos new trackpad on the MacBook has

a glass-based capacitive-touch sensor to detectthe positions touched Force sensors (straingauge likely) are located at the four cornersbeneath to detect tapping and the TapticEngine (an electromagnetic mechanism)delivers haptic feedback The Apple Watchincorporates haptic feedback by using a linearresonant actuator its Force Touch is a slimsensor around the display At press time therewere reports that Apple was developing newiPhones that use Force Touch technologyTap sensing is designed to enhance the

existing user experience of touch and is not anadditional input tool An extra firm or ldquodeeprdquotouch can issue a different type of commandthan a regular one for example Haptic feed-

display marketplace



back simulates a ldquoclickrdquo effect when userspress the touch surface The technology alsomeasures pressure sensitivity (for drawing andsimilar applications) The idea behind this isthat when an end user is touching the devicescreen combining specific tap gestures canmake the interaction handier and more usefulwithout the need for other tools For examplewhile watching a movie a user can speed upthe playback by simply tapping the user inter-face (such as a MacBook trackpad) withoutscrolling the controller bar of the GUI Previously Apple had pursued patents

related to stylus use However Apple seemsto have had a different goal than pressure-sensing ndash Steve Jobs always despised stylususe And despite pursuing patents Apple willnot necessarily adopt styluses for its productsTap sensing has replaced pressure sensing asthe new attraction Compared with pressuresensing tap sensing does not emphasizesophisticated sensing levels and has limitedprecision for pressure detection But Applenever simply introduces a hardware feature itusually considers how to deliver a better userexperience And apparently it considers ForceTouch a milestone that will enhance the exist-ing user experience of touch screens Conventionally pressure sensing is used to

describe a user interface that is able to detectthe pressure applied PCAP touch sensors arefluent and capable of detecting the positionsof touch but less adept at detecting pressureThe passive stylus used for resistive and PCAP has no pressure sensingAn active stylus with a specific mechanism

can fulfill the requirement of pressure sensingFor example Wacom EMR (electromagnetic

resonance) makes use of the embedded tinycapacitor unit in the stylus to deliver the pressure level along with the touch positionN-trigrsquos solution is to convert the optical hindrance (optical shutter inside the stylus) topressure level Both technologies are able toreach higher sensing levels Wacomrsquos solu-tion which is used for the Galaxy Note 4 canreach 2048 levels N-trigrsquos solution used fortablet or notebook PCs can detect from 256 to1024 levelsApple seems to have no interest in making

its iPhone or iPad like the Samsung GalaxyNote series Table 3 shows a comparison ofForce Touch and Active Stylus features The combination of touch screen tap

sensing and haptic feedback is a new mile-stone for the existing touch-based user inter-face Capacitive touch is still critical to detectposition but other technology such as FTIRcan improve the tap-sensing experience Furthermore the haptic module is adopted tomake tap sensing more intuitive with interac-tive feedback Force Touch with haptic feed-back makes use of existing maturetechnologies and does not intend to offer usersthe ability of handwriting and drawingInstead integration of the hardware and soft-ware is designed to help end users extend theuser experience of touch It will be interestingto see how end users and the market react tothese features in the face of ongoing competi-tion and consolidation n


Table 3 A comparison of Force Touch and active stylus features includes sensing level purpose and cost Source IHS Quarterly Touch Panel Market Analysis Report Q1rsquo15

Comparison Applersquos Force Touch Active Stylus (non-projected-capacitive based)

Sensing Level A few with limited precision Able to reach 256-2048 levels

Technology Strain gauge likely (MacBook) Active stylus or EMR

Sensing Principle Mechanical to electronic Optical shutter or EMR

Input Device Finger or any object Specific stylus

Touch Screen Separate part Separate (EMR) or combined (N-trig)

Purpose Enhancement of touch UX Handwriting and drawing

Uses for Apps Able to be defined for apps Limited for writing drawing or notes

Cost Concern lt $5 (force sensor only) affordable ~$10-15 (sensor or FPC board not included)



Submit Your News ReleasesPlease send all press releases and new productannouncements to

Jenny DonelanInformation Display Magazine411 Lafayette Street Suite 201

New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460

e-mail jdonelanpcm411com

VISITINFORMATION

DISPLAY ON-LINEFor daily displayindustry news



WITH a technical symposium seminarsshort courses business and marketing confer-ences and a three-day exhibition that includedthe always-popular Innovation Zone DisplayWeek offered more than one person couldpossibly see Fortunately you did not have toInformation Display magazinersquos crackreporters ndash Tom Fiske Steve Sechrist GeoffWalker and Ken Werner ndash were on the jobhoming in on specific areas of technology andsharing their discoveries via blogs throughoutthe show (They are also writing longer arti-cles that will appear in our SeptemberOctoberpost-show issue)

We think the blogs are one of the bestthings Information Display offers all year sowe decided to share several of them in print ndashone from a technical seminar one from akeynote address one from the exhibition andone from a market focus conference If youwant to read more visit wwwinformationdisplayorg click on ldquoBlogs and Newslettersrdquoand select 2015 Display Week

Seminar How Do You Know How Far AwaySomething Isby Geoff WalkerThe question of how you know how far awaysomething is may not grab your attention ineveryday life but it is very important to engi-neers trying to create perceptually correct 3D

displays Dr Kurt Akeley from Lytro Incspent the first third of his Monday SeminarldquoStereo 3D Light Fields and Perceptionrdquo onthis question

The answer that is commonly assumed isldquobinocular depth cuesrdquo including vergence(rotation of the eyes toward a fixation point)accommodation (adjustment of the focallength of the lens in the eye to match the fixa-tion distance) retinal disparity (the out-of-focus retinal images of objects closer or further away from the fixation point) andbinocular parallax (the difference in theimages sensed by each eye)

Everybody automatically uses retinal disparity (also known as stereopsis) as a depthcue without thinking about it When you lookat an object some distance away the relativeblurriness of objects closer and further awaygives your vision system a ldquocontextrdquo thathelps it judge where the object is in space

Image blur also affects perceived scaleIn the left-hand photo in Fig 1 the city looksnormal However in the right-hand photo the background and foreground have beenblurred Since we tend to assume that blurredobjects are close to us the city suddenly lookslike a miniature model

While binocular depth cues are importantand depth-sensing can be achieved usingbinocular parallax even if all other depth cuesare eliminated there are many other depthcues Some of these others include retinalimage size texture gradient lighting linearperspective aerial perspective motion parallax

monocular-movement parallax and occlusionYou can read about those in the full blogentry available at httpidmagazinedisplayweek2015blogspotcom201506bygeoff-walker-how-do-you-know-how-farhtml

Keynote Intel Shows Its Vision of the Interactive Futureby Tom FiskeIntel Corprsquos CEO Brian Krzanich gave acompelling keynote address on the openingday of the exhibition His thesis the relent-less pace of Moorersquos law will lead to richerand more engaging interactivity with ourdevices RealSense a collection of sensorsand software developed by Intel enables 3Dscanning and sensing of the environmentKrzanich and his colleagues demonstratedface recognition and hand-gesture controlface-to-face interaction for online videogamers and remote meetings and technologyfor more efficient warehouse managementHe also demonstrated 3D scanning to 3Dprinting real-time collaborative remote work-ing with virtual 3D objects a floating ldquopianordquointerface and augmented-reality interactivegaming on top of a real-world space All ofthese can be made possible by enhanced andrich sensing of the ambient environment andthe user

Krzanich delivered the message that we areon the cusp of something new and I do notdoubt it New and compelling applicationswill certainly be found that take advantage ofthese and other emerging capabilities

Display Week 2015 Show Daily HighlightsEngineers developers investment bankers analysts and more all headed to the heart of Silicon Valley last June to visit Display Week 2015 According to show organizers this yearrsquosattendance was up more than 10 over last yearrsquos If you were lucky enough to be one ofthose attendees one thing was for sure ndash there was a lot going on

by Jenny Donelan

Jenny Donelan is the Managing Editor ofInformation DisplayMagazine She can bereached at jdonelanpcm411com


show daily highlights

ID Donelan p28-30_Layout 1 7262015 139 PM Page 28

Technical developments make these thingspossible but we may also need to reveal moreof ourselves to gain convenience or capabilityndash such as when we let an application knowour physical location in order to use mappingsoftware Like any technology enhancementwe have to make our own determination as towhen the technology adds sufficient value toinduce us to part with our dollars ndash and to giveup a bit more of our privacy

Exhibition 10K from BOE Debuts at Display Weekby Steve SechristSomething special you might have seen atDisplay Week last June was an impressive10K display from BOE at the Display Weekexhibition (Fig 2) The 10240 times 4320 pixeldisplay (in 219 format) is a ldquotechnical devel-opmentrdquo model that came in a 82-in-diagonaldisplay Development engineer Xinxin Mu of BOE told us the panel is a one-off thatdemonstrates the cutting edge of the high-resolution capabilities of BOE as the companybegins looking downstream at the future ofboth display size and resolution The panel


Fig 1 Image blur affects perceived scale The left-hand photo shows a regular aerial shot of a city In the right-hand photo the backgroundand foreground have been blurred making the city look like a miniature model Images from httpgraphicsberkeleyedupapersHeld-MBT-2008-05VES2008slides_HeldEtalpdf (Martin Banks et al UC Berkeley)

Fig 2 Xinxin Mu (left) and Aly Langfeifei stand next to the 10K display at Display Week


uses a direct-LED-backlit scheme that is themajor reason this behemoth set consumes awhopping 1100 W of power She also saidpixel addressing is done from both top andbottom and uses a standard a-Si backplane

Even at close-in distance individual pixelswere beyond human visual acuity (at least thishumanrsquos pair of eyes) and close inspection ofthe amazing video images (provided by anupscaled NHK source) revealed such minutedetail like a single bird discernable in a widecity-view shot sitting atop the BrandenburgGate in Berlin or details of the rotating restau-rant from a distance shot of the Berlin TVTower The images were simply stunning(This display won a Best in Show award atDisplay Week)

BOE PR rep Aly Langfeifei told us the display is meant to underscore just how farChina-based fabs (and BOE in particular)have progressed in their technology develop-ment We were also told work is on-going tomodify the technology and prepare it for com-mercial release in the (not too distant) future

Market Focus Conference Android WearOffers Timely Advice to Display Makersby Ken WernerOn Thursday morning at Display Week theldquoSpecial Wearables Addressrdquo in the MarketFocus Conference was given by SidneyChang Head of Business Development forAndroid Wear whose topic was ldquoAndroidWear Overview and Googlersquos Wish Listrdquo(Chang replaced Fossil CTO Philip Thompsonwhose scheduled talk was ldquoWhy Wearableswith a Display Will Not Succeed with TodayrsquosDisplay Companiesrdquo I have been assured that the switch was due to a scheduling conflictand not because Thompson was planning ontelling us quite accurately that display andcomputer companies cannot be trusted todesign watches)

Changrsquos approach was not confrontationalbut he had interesting things to say some ofthem aimed directly at display makers Thefirst was that display makers should thinkvery hard about ldquoimprovingrdquo traditional display parameters if they impact battery lifeAlthough outdoor visibility is essential itshould be done in ways other than cranking upthe luminance The display must always beon but it does not always have to be on in thesame way Chang described two modes Theldquointeractive moderdquo has full animation and fullrefresh rate ldquoAmbient moderdquo has reduced

color depth reduced brightness and reducedrefresh rate for showing basic informationlike the time whenever the user looks (Pixtronix and Sharp are you listening)

Chang specifically discouraged displaymakers from going to 300 ppi for watch displays The extra pixel density is notneeded for most watch apps he said and mostwatches cannot tolerate the hit on battery life

Chang showed the results of user studiesdone by Android Wear Not surprisinglyusers want the thinnest watch they can getMany women feel that current watchesalthough arguably appropriate for menrsquos generally larger wrists are too large fortheirs Average wrist diameters are 175 cmfor men and 150 cm for women Averagewrist breadths are 58 cm for men and 52 cmfor women When a group of users (presum-ably both male and female) were askedwhether they preferred a watch diameter of10 11 12 or 13 in there was a strong bi-modal preference of 10 and 12 in Ofthese participants over 40 years old preferredthe smaller size while participants under 40preferred the larger (Display makers do nottry to sell 15-in displays to watchmakers)

A general issue is trying to meld the verydifferent approaches of watchmakers and people from the display and mobile systemscommunities Chang noted that watchmakersand watch users prefer choice and variety In2014 Fossil had 8000 watch SKUs under 15different brands Typical sales for each SKUwere thousands to tens of thousands of unitsSince Google Wear released its API the mostpopular apps have been different watch faceswith one app allowing the user to take a selfieof his or her clothing and then match the colorof the watch face to the color of the clothes

Forging compatibility between the watch-makersrsquo need for variety and the display- andsystem-makers need for volume will be anongoing topic of conversation n



J O I N S I DWe invite you to join SID to participate in shaping the future development of

bull Display technologies and display-related products

bull Materials and components for displays and display applications

bull Manufacturing processes and equipment

bull New markets and applications

In every specialty you will find SIDmembers as leading contributors totheir profession

httpwwwsidorgMembershipaspx


Seminar amp ExhibitionMay 22ndash27 2016

Moscone Convention CenterSan Francisco California USA

SAVE THE DATE

Submit Your News ReleasesPlease send all press releases and newproduct announcements toJenny DonelanInformation Display Magazine411 Lafayette Street Suite 201New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460e-mail jdonelanpcm411com


Ask us aboutbull E Newsletter Sponsorshipbull Banner Advertising on

www Informationdisplayorgbull Custom E blast

ALL WITH LEAD GENERATION METRICS

bull Display Week Wrap up issue ndash use this as an addition to your Companyrsquos overall print marketing program

bull SID- Information Display AD Bundle ndash Print ndash Digital ndash E Blast Marketing

Contact Roland Espinosa Senior Account ManagerPrint amp E-Media Advertising

201-748-6819 bull respinosawileycom

ID Ad p31_Layout 1 7262015 144 PM Page 31

SID 2016 honors and awardsnominationsOn behalf of the SID Honors and Awards Committee (HampAC) I am appealing for youractive participation in the nomination ofdeserving individuals for the various SID honors and awards The SID Board of Direc-tors based on recommendations made by theHampAC grants all the awards These awardsinclude five major prizes awarded to individu-als not necessarily members of SID basedupon their outstanding achievements TheKarl Ferdinand Braun prize is awarded forldquoOutstanding Technical Achievement in orContribution to Display Technologyrdquo Theprize is named in honor of the German physi-cist and Nobel Laureate Karl Ferdinand Braunwho in 1897 invented the cathode-ray tube(CRT) Scientific and technical achievementsthat cover either a wide range of display tech-nologies or the fundamental principles of a specific technology are the prime reasons forawarding this prize to a nominee The JanRajchman prize is awarded for ldquoOutstandingScientific and Technical Achievement orResearch in the Field of Flat-Panel DisplaysrdquoThis prize is specifically dedicated to thoseindividuals who have made major contributionsto one of the flat-panel-display technologies orthrough their research activities have advancedthe state of understanding of one of those tech-nologies The Otto Schade prize is awardedfor ldquoOutstanding Scientific or TechnicalAchievement in the Advancement of Func-tional Performance andor Image Quality ofInformation Displaysrdquo This prize is namedin honor of the pioneering RCA engineer OttoSchade who invented the concept of the Modu-lation Transfer Function (MTF) and who usedit to characterize the entire display systemincluding the human observer The advance-ment for this prize may be achieved in anydisplay technology or display system or maybe of a more general or theoretical natureThe scope of eligible advancement is broadlyenvisioned to encompass the areas of displaysystems display electronics applied visionand display human factors image processingand display metrology The nature of eligibleadvancements may be in the form of theoreti-cal or mathematical models algorithms software hardware or innovative methods of display-performance measurement and image-quality characterization Each ofthese above-mentioned prizes carries a $2000


NEWSSOCIETY FORINFORMATION

DISPLAY

Nominations are now being solicited from SIDmembers for candidates who qualify for SIDHonors and Awards

bull KARL FERDINAND BRAUN PRIZEAwarded for an outstanding technicalachievement in or contribution to displaytechnology

bull JAN RAJCHMAN PRIZE Awarded for anoutstanding scientific or technical achieve-ment in or contribution to research on flat-panel displays

bull OTTO SCHADE PRIZE Awarded for anoutstanding scientific or technical achieve-ment in or contribution to the advancementof functional performance andor imagequality of information displays

bull SLOTTOWndashOWAKI PRIZE Awarded foroutstanding contributions to the educationand training of students and professionals inthe field of information display

bull LEWIS amp BEATRICE WINNER AWARDAwarded for exceptional and sustained service to SID

bull FELLOWenspThe membership grade of Fel-low is one of unusual professional distinc-tion and is conferred annually upon a SIDmember of outstanding qualifications andexperience as a scientist or engineer in thefield of information display who has madewidely recognized and significant contribu-tion to the advancement of the display field

bull SPECIAL RECOGNITION AWARDSPresented to members of the technical scientific and business community (not necessarily SID members) for distinguishedand valued contributions to the information-display field These awards may be madefor contributions in one or more of the following categories (a) outstanding technical accomplishments (b) outstandingcontributions to the literature (c) outstand-ing service to the Society (d) outstanding entrepreneurial accomplishments and (e) outstanding achievements in education

Nominations for SID Honors and Awards mustinclude the following information preferablyin the order given below Nomination Tem-plates and Samples are provided at wwwsidorgawardsnominationhtml

1 Name Present Occupation Business andHome Address Phone and Fax Numbers andSID Grade (Member or Fellow) of Nominee

2 Award being recommendedJan Rajchman PrizeKarl Ferdinand Braun PrizeOtto Schade PrizeSlottowndashOwaki Prize Lewis amp Beatrice Winner AwardFellowSpecial Recognition Award

Nominations for election to the Grade of Fellow must be supported in writing by at leastfive SID members

3 Proposed CitationenspThis should not exceed30 words

4 Name Address Telephone Number andSID Membership Grade of Nominator

5 Education and Professional History of Candidate Include college andor universitydegrees positions and responsibilities of eachprofessional employment

6 Professional Awards and Other Pro fessional Society Affiliations and Grades of Membership

7 Specific statement by the nominator con-cerning the most significant achievement orachievements or outstanding technical leader-ship that qualifies the candidate for the awardThis is the most important consideration forthe Honors and Awards committee and itshould be specific (citing references when necessary) and concise

8 Supportive materialenspCite evidence of tech-nical achievements and creativity such aspatents and publications or other evidence ofsuccess and peer recognition Cite material thatspecifically supports the citation and statementin (7) above (Noteenspthe nominee may be askedby the nominator to supply information for hiscandidacy where this may be useful to establishor complete the list of qualifications)

9 EndorsementsenspFellow nominations mustbe supported by the endorsements indicated in(2) above Supportive letters of endorser willstrengthen the nominations for any award

SID honors and awards nominations

E-mail the complete nomination ndash including all the above material by October 9 2015 ndashto swuucfedu with cc to officesidorg or by regular mail to

Shin-Tson Wu Honors and Awards Chair Society for Information Display1475 S Bascom Ave Ste 114 Campbell CA 95008 USA

ID SID News Issue4 p32-34_Layout 1 7262015 215 PM Page 32

stipend sponsored by AU Optronics Corp Sharp Corporation and Samsung Display respectively

The SlottowndashOwaki prize is awarded for ldquoOutstanding Contributions to the Educationand Training of Students and Professionals in the Field of Information Displayrdquo This prize is named in honor of Professor H Gene Slottow University of Illinois an inventor of the plasmadisplay and Professor Kenichi Owaki from theHiroshima Institute of Technology and an earlyleader of the pioneering Fujitsu Plasma Displayprogram The oustanding education and train-ing contributions recognized by this prize is not limited to those of a professor in a formaluniversity but may also include training givenby researchers engineers and managers inindustry who have done an outstanding jobdeveloping information-display professionalsThe SlottowndashOwaki prize carries a $2000stipend made possible by a generous gift fromFujitsu Ltd and Professor Tsutae Shinoda

The fifth major SID award the Lewis andBeatrice Winner Award is awarded forldquoExceptional and Sustained Service to theSocietyrdquo This award is granted exclusively to those who have worked hard over manyyears to further the goals of the Society

The membership grade of SID Fellow is one of unusual professional distinctionEach year the SID Board of Directors elects a limited number (up to 01 of the member-ship in that year) of SID members in goodstanding to the grade of Fellow To be eligi-ble candidates must have been members atthe time of nomination for at least 5 years with the last 3 years consecutive A candidatefor election to Fellow is a member with ldquoOut-standing Qualifications and Experience as aScientist or Engineer in the Field of Informa-tion Display who has made Widely Recog-nized and Significant Contributions to the Advancement of the Display Fieldrdquo over a sustained period of time SID members prac-ticing in the field recognize the nomineersquoswork as providing significant technical con-tributions to knowledge in their area(s) ofexpertise For this reason five endorsementsfrom SID members are required to accompanyeach Fellow nomination Each Fellow nomi-nation is evaluated by the HampAC based on aweighted set of five criteria These criteria andtheir assigned weights are creativity andpatents 30 technical accomplishments andpublications 30 technical leadership 20service to SID 15 and other accomplish-ments 5 When submitting a Fellow award

nomination please keep these criteria withtheir weights in mind

The Special Recognition Award is givenannually to a number of individuals (member-ship in the SID is not required) of the scien-tific and business community for distin-guished and valued contribution in the infor-mation-display field These awards are givenfor contributions in one or more of the follow-ing categories (a) Outstanding TechnicalAccomplishments (b) Outstanding Contribu-tions to the Literature (c) Outstanding Service to the Society (d) Outstanding Entrepreneurial Accomplishments and (e) Outstanding Achievements in EducationWhen evaluating the Special RecognitionAward nominations the HampAC uses a five-level rating scale in each of the above-listedfive categories and these categories haveequal weight Nominators should indicate the category in which a Special RecognitionAward nomination is to be considered by theHampAC More than one category may be indicated The nomination should of coursestress accomplishments in the category or categories selected by the nominator

While an individual nominated for anaward or election to Fellow may not submithisher own nomination nominators may ifnecessary ask a nominee for information thatwill be useful in preparing the nomination The nomination process is relatively simple butrequires that the nominator and perhaps somecolleagues devote a little time to preparationof the supporting material that the HampACneeds in order to evaluate each nomination forits merit It is not necessary to submit a com-plete publication record with a nominationJust list the titles of the most significant half a dozen or less papers and patents authored by the nominee and list the total number ofpapers and patents heshe has authored

Determination of the winners for SID hon-ors and awards is a highly selective processOn average less than 30 of the nominationsare selected to receive awards Some of themajor prizes are not awarded every year dueto the lack of sufficiently qualified nomineesOn the other hand once a nomination is sub-mitted it will stay active for three consecutiveyears and will be considered three times bythe HampAC The nominator of such a nomina-tion may improve the chances of the nomina-tion by submitting additional material for thesecond or third year that it is considered butsuch changes are not required

Descriptions of each award and the lists ofprevious award winners can be found atwwwsidorgAwardsIndividualHonorsandAwardsaspx Nomination forms can bedownloaded by clicking on ldquoclick hererdquo at the bottom of the text box on the above sitewhere you will find Nomination Templates inboth MS Word (preferred) and Text formatsPlease use the links to find the Sample Nomi-nations which are useful for composing your nomination since these are the actualsuccessful nominations for some previous SID awards Nominations should preferablybe submitted by e-mail However you canalso submit nominations by ordinary mail ifnecessary

Please note that with each Fellow nomina-tion only five written endorsements by five SIDmembers are required These brief endorse-ments ndash a minimum of 2ndash3 sentences to a maxi-mum of one-half page in length ndash must statewhy clearly and succinctly in the opinion of theendorser the nominee deserves to be elected toa Fellow of the Society Identical endorse-ments by two or more endorsers will be auto-matically rejected (no form letters please)Please send these endorsements to me either by e-mail (preferred) or by hardcopy to theaddress stated in the accompanying text boxOnly the Fellow nominations are required tohave these endorsements However I encour-age you to submit at least a few endorsementsfor all nominations since they will frequentlyadd further support to your nomination

All 2016 award nominations are to be submitted by October 9 2015 E-mail your nominations directly to swuucfedu with cc to officesidorg If that is not possiblethen please send your hardcopy nomination by regular mail

As I state each year ldquoIn our professionallives there are few greater rewards thanrecognition by our peers For an individual inthe field of displays an award or prize fromthe SID which represents his or her peersworldwide is a most significant happy andsatisfying experience In addition the overallreputation of the society depends on the indi-viduals who are in its lsquoHall of Famersquo

When you nominate someone for an award or prize you are bringing happiness to an indi-vidual and his or her family and friends and you are also benefiting the society as a wholerdquo

Thank you for your nomination in advancemdash Shin-Tson Wu

Chair SID Honors amp Awards Committee



EuroDisplay 2015 Posts AdvanceProgram for Ghent Event The Advance Program for EuroDisplay 2015which takes place September 21ndash23 in GhentBelgium is now available on the EuroDisplaywebsite (wwwsideurodisplayorg) EuroDisplay2015 is run by the Society for InformationDisplay in conjunction with Ghent Universityand its Centre for Microsystems Technologyand Liquid Crystal amp Photonics Group

Featured sessions include Emerging Liquid-Crystal Technologies Human Interaction andQuantum Dots just to name a few Andamong many intriguing papers listed in theprogram are ldquoEco-Friendly Quantum-DotLight-Emitting Diode with Inorganic Charge-Transport Layerrdquo from Korea ElectronicsTechnology Institute Korea University andthe Fraunhofer Institute for Applied PolymerResearch and ldquoQuantifying the Ability ofIndividuals with Macular Disease to See andRead Content on Virtual and Augmented-Reality Devicesrdquo with authors from Heriot-Watt University Princess Alexandra EyePavilion and the University of Edinburgh

Keynote speakers at EuroDisplay willinclude Ian Underwood of the University

of Edinburgh who will speak about the commercial track record and potential ofEuropean display research in the global market Kayvan Mirza from Optinvent whowill discuss wearable displays as the nextmobile paradigm and Nelson Tabiryan ofBeam Company whose topic will be ldquoTheFourth Generation of Opticsrdquo

Conference organizers note that EuroDisplay2015 takes place during the well-knownannual musical event the Festival of Flanderswhich is being held in Ghent this year Forthis reason anyone still needing to make roomreservations should do so as soon as possibleEuroDisplay also urges attendees to take insome of the many concerts going on duringthe week For more information visit the Festival of Flanders website at http wwwgentfestivalbeen

EuroDisplay belongs to the IDRC (Interna-tional Display Research Conference) series ofSID conferences and is slightly more focusedon academic research than on product devel-opment as compared to Display Week forexample For more information aboutEurodisplay 2015 visit wwwsideurodisplayorg General Chair Herbert De Smet can bereached at HerbertDeSmetelisUGentbe

Mark Your Calendar VehicleSymposium Is October 22 and23The 22nd Annual Vehicle Displays and Interfaces Symposium and Exhibition takesplace October 22 and 23 2015 in DearbornMichigan Automotive displays are a hottopic these days and most display designersengineers manufacturers researchers salesand marketing professionals and system integrators should consider attending

The symposium will feature technical presentations by scientists and engineers fromthe display technology photonics vehicle systems and applications communities Areasof focus will include the automotive market-place display and lighting technologies forvehicular applications the humanndashmachineinterface application issues and advancedvehicle-display technologies such as sunlightreadability nanotechnology and metal oxidesNew this year is a $1000 award to the studentwith the best oral or poster presentation Aconcurrent table-top exhibition will includemore than 35 companies from both the auto-motive and display worlds For more infor-mation visit wwwvehicledisplayorg n


sid news

Display Week 2016SID International Symposium Seminar amp Exhibition

May 22ndash27 2016Moscone Convention Center San Francisco California USA

Display Week 2016 offers synergies unparalleled by any other display event with attendees and exhibitors who represent thetop engineering talent from all over the world as well as leadership from both the commercial and consumer markets DisplayWeek is the ideal place to conduct business discuss systems intengration network with colleagues and above all learn aboutthe latest display technologies

Get started building a better future for your company nowwwwdisplayweekorg


Our cover story from the University ofGlasgow titled ldquoElectronic Skin with Touchrdquoexplores the very real possibility of creating aflexible network of distributed computing andsensing nodes suitable for either augmentinghuman skin in a wearable topology or creatingtactile skin-like pressure and temperature-sensing surfaces for robotics The iCub robot(shown on the cover) incorporates tactile skinon most of its body parts Its e-skin was created with off-the shelf electronicsensingcomponents integrated on flexible printed circuit boards We can see iCub relaxing inSan Francisco maybe after a day of sight-seeing in and around the Golden Gate BridgeClearly he is using his vacation time wellFrom robotics and electronic skin we move

to wearable fabrics in which the electronics could someday literally be in the fibers of what you wear In their Frontline Technology arti-cle ldquoInvestigating the Architecture of Flexible Large-Area Hybrid Systemsrdquo Professor Sigurd Wagner and his colleagues from PrincetonUniversity discuss their work to embed tran-sistors in textile fibers and distribute sensorsand processing elements throughout fabricsThese then become ldquowearablerdquo materials thatcan be utilized for countless new applications One of those new applications may be

health monitoring and from the PolytechnicUniversity of Turin we have an EnablingTechnology article by Giorgio De Pasqualeand Angela Lentini titled ldquoDiagnostic Systemsfor Pregnancy Healthcare through TelemedicineNetworkingrdquo Consider this the macro-levelview that explores many new methods andparadigms for remote diagnostics and patienthealth data collection that can be enabled inpart by the distributed wearable systems discussed above We are looking at the dawnof a new era of capabilities in wearable tech-nology that will be realized in some caseswithin this current decadeMeanwhile we also wanted to check up on

the touch and interactivity marketplace and sowe asked author Calvin Hsieh to give us aDisplay Marketplace submission titled ldquoTouch Panel Market Dynamics and Trendsrdquo Calvinrsquos balanced view combines both a technologistrsquosldquowowrdquo with a business analystrsquos ldquohmmrdquo andexplains how the stiff competition that existstoday is not dampening the innovation and creativity that is flourishing in this field Thatrsquos good to see today as I think the marketplace is primed for ever-improving user-interfaceexperiences

It seems like just a couple weeks ago wewere all in San Jose for Display Week 2015Our extensive coverage of that event is com-ing up next month in the SeptemberOctoberissue of ID but in the meantime we wanted tohighlight some of the most interesting topicsfeatured in our on-line blogs written by theteam that covered the show for ID These various short subjects came from the technicalseminars keynotes and the market focus conferences as well as the exhibits Donrsquot forget to look for all of our exciting DisplayWeek 2015 coverage coming in the next issueMeanwhile I wish you and your families awonderful summer season and hope that youwill take full advantage of the season to relaxand rejuvenate n

second half of this year AIT is LGrsquos propri-etary in-cell touch technology that employs atouch sensor embedded within the LCD panelreplacing the type that uses the touch panel ontop of the LCDPanels with AIT technology have been

introduced for smartphones such as the LGG4 but this is the first time the technology isbeing applied to larger devices such as note-book PCs AIT eliminates the space neededfor a touch-function cover glass and as a result reduces the panelrsquos thickness by 1 mm(approximately 25) and its weight by 200grams (approximately 35) compared to aconventional 156-in touch-embedded panelwith full-HD resolution It also offers abrighter and clearer screen picture since there is no light loss or light reflection causedby the cover glass In addition it featuresresponsive touch and precise calibration of the touch point even with water drops on thescreen

GoworldOrient DisplayIntroduces Automotive 8-inOne-Glass P-CAPGoworldOrient Display recently announcedan 8-in projected-capacitance touch panelfeaturing OGS (one-glass solution) construc-tion for improved optical performance and athinner profile (Fig 2) It incorporates ahighly durable multi-touch and gesture P-CAPdesign for rugged wide-temperature automo-tive applications Features include antiglareand gloved operation Low reflection isachieved with the addition of a special polarizer plate

continued from page 2


editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial

learn from them As these devices becomesmaller and more integrated into our clothingand accessories we gain convenience butmore importantly deeper insights into ourhealth These advances provide opportunitiesto distinctly alter how rapidly health condi-tions are diagnosed and how health care isdelivered

Russel Martin is a Director of Engineeringfor Sensor Technology at Qualcomm TechnologyInc He can be reached at russelmqtiqualcommcom


industry news

Fig 2 GoworldOrient Displayrsquos new P-CAP display for automotive applicationsfeatures one-glass construction


Abrisa TechnologiesAdvantechApple IncApplied Concepts IncApplied Materials IncAU Optronics CorpCCDLCima NanoTechCoretronic CorpdpiXDisplaySearch DontechE Ink HoldingsEarth LCDElo Touch SystemsEpoxy TechnologyeMagin CorpEntegris IncEuropTec Holding AGEuroptec USA IncFUJIFILM Dimatix IncGoogleHenkelIEEIndustrial Technology Research Institute

I-PEXJapan Display IncJapan Patent Office

Kuraray Co LtdLEIA IncLight PolymersLintecLMS GlobalLuminitLXD Research amp DisplayLLC

MediaTek USA IncMerck Display Technologies Ltd

MeritecMitsubishi Chemical Corp

Nano-Proprietary IncNANOSYSNLT TechnologiesNoritake Itron CorpNovaled AGNvidiaOculus Optical Filters USAPanasonic CorpParker ChomericsPhoto ResearchPower OLEDsRicohRolic TechnologiesSakai Display Products

SamsungSartomer Americas

Sharp CorpSolar-Tectic LLC TandemLaunchTannas ElectronicsTCLTDMDATeijin Dupont FilmsJapan Ltd

TFD Inc TLC International TOUCH TURNSTPK Touch SolutionsInc

Universal Display Corporation

US Micro ProductsVestel ElectronicsVisionoxWestar Display Technologies Inc

Wintek CorpYazaki Europe Ltd

Electronic Assembly 5EuroDisplay 2015 5Information Display 2331Instrument Systems C3

Radiant Vision Systems C2Rockwell Collins C4Vehicle Displays Conference 2015 11


corporate members index to advertisers

Sales Office

Steven JezzardGlobal Advertising DirectorWiley111 River StreetHoboken NJ 07030sjezzardwileycom

Global Sales Office (Except JapanChina)

Roland EspinosaSr Account ManagerPrint amp E Media AdvertisingWiley111 River StreetHoboken NJ 07030201-748-6819respinosawileycom

Japan Sales Office

Kimiyoshi IshibashiAssociate Commercial Director ndash JapanJohn Wiley amp Sons (Asia) Pte LtdFrontier Koishikawa Bldg 4F1-28-1 Koishikawa Bunkyo-kuTokyo 112-0002 Japan+81-33830-1235kishibaswileycom

China Sales Office

Ying WangCorporate Sales Manager ndash ChinaJohn Wiley amp Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd1402-1404 Cross Tower318 Fuzhou Road Huangpu DistrictShanghai 200001 Peoplersquos Republic ofChina

+86 21 5116 3205yingwileycom

SILVER CORPORATE MEMBERS

GOLD CORPORATE MEMBERS

Corporate Members

ID Ad Index Issue4 p36_Layout 1 7262015 236 PM Page 36

Instrument Systems Germany middot Phone +49 89 45 49 43 0 middot infoinstrumentsystemscom middot wwwinstrumentsystemscom

light measurement

Advanced technology for precise color measurement

New imaging colorimeter

LumiCam 1300 Advanced

aelig 6-filter technology for highest accuracy in 2D-colorimetry

aelig Maximum precision for LED light

aelig Flexible operating modes to fit all measurement needs

aelig Powerful software with a comprehensive tool set

aelig More information on wwwlumicamcom

Tighten your Tolerances


New 6-filter technology

We bring quality to light

Whether yoursquore looking for glass safety sunlight readability bond strength or customization options displays from Rockwell Collins deliver more In applications from automotive to medical our trademarked optical bonding technology combines the highest quality with the lowest life-cycle costs See what yoursquove been missing

Visit us at Display Week 2015 booth 1234

rockwellcollinscomopticalbonding

A display that outperforms all others ndash elegantly efficiently and affordably

copy 2015 Rockwell Collins All rights reserved

RC_SID_Info Display_May-June2015_8_125x10_875indd 1 5815 818 AM

pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

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pC4lo

Radiant Zemax is now Radiant Vision Systems The name is new but our commitment to delivering advanced display test solutions remains unchanged The worldrsquos leading makers of display devices rely on Radiantrsquos automated visual inspection systems to measure uniformity chromaticity and detect Mura and other defects throughout the manufacturing process Visit our all new website wwwRadiantVisionSystemscom to learn how our integrated test solutions can help you improve supply chain performance reduce production costs and ensure a customer experience that is nothing less than Radiant

New Name Still Radiant

Radiant Vision Systems LLC Global Headquarters - Redmond WA USA | +1 425 844-0152 | wwwRadiantVisionSystemscom | InfoRadiantVScom

Test Solutions for Perfect Display Quality









































Azonix Corp USA


Canada











InformationDISPLAY


editorial


ID Editorial Issue4 p235_Layout 1 7232015 659 PM









Watch_ShootOut_2htm



industry news













guest editorial













bull 33V 5V

bull accessories

bull usB EVal kits


Eurodisplay 2015


Ghent Belgium




EuroDisplay 2015





SAVE THE DATE






































__________________________________















(a) (b)










Ubiquitous Energy











































































































enabling technology





















enabling technology



















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MATERIALS

AND FLEX

IBLE TECHN

OLOGY ISSU

E


JanFeb 2

014

Vol 30 No

1















by Calvin Hsieh



display marketplace










Shipments (000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total 1290641 1511751 1701456 1922022 2114063 2279280 2401443

YY Growth 17 17 13 13 10 8 5

Revenues (US$000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total $23224147 $28557077 $25605443 $24555622 $24279585 $24489829 $24817533

YY Growth 41 23 -10 -4 -1 1 1



In-cell TFT-LCD 75 125 159 163 168 174 180 187

On-cell AMOLED 120 162 148 152 153 153 154 154

On-cell TFT-LCD 00 04 52 69 84 94 100 104


Resistive 155 36 08 05 03 01 00 00

Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

















display marketplace

























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

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p6-10lo

p11lo

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p31lo

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p35lo

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Azonix Corp USA


Canada











InformationDISPLAY


editorial











Watch_ShootOut_2htm



industry news



ID Industry News Issue4 p3_Layout 1 7262015 735 PM










guest editorial













bull 33V 5V

bull accessories

bull usB EVal kits


Eurodisplay 2015


Ghent Belgium




EuroDisplay 2015





SAVE THE DATE






































__________________________________















(a) (b)










Ubiquitous Energy











































































































enabling technology





















enabling technology



















enabling technology





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MATERIALS

AND FLEX

IBLE TECHN

OLOGY ISSU

E


JanFeb 2

014

Vol 30 No

1















by Calvin Hsieh



display marketplace










Shipments (000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total 1290641 1511751 1701456 1922022 2114063 2279280 2401443

YY Growth 17 17 13 13 10 8 5

Revenues (US$000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total $23224147 $28557077 $25605443 $24555622 $24279585 $24489829 $24817533

YY Growth 41 23 -10 -4 -1 1 1



In-cell TFT-LCD 75 125 159 163 168 174 180 187

On-cell AMOLED 120 162 148 152 153 153 154 154

On-cell TFT-LCD 00 04 52 69 84 94 100 104


Resistive 155 36 08 05 03 01 00 00

Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

















display marketplace

























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo














Azonix Corp USA


Canada











InformationDISPLAY


editorial











Watch_ShootOut_2htm



industry news













guest editorial







ID Guest Editorial Issue4 p4_Layout 1 7232015 708 PM






bull 33V 5V

bull accessories

bull usB EVal kits


Eurodisplay 2015


Ghent Belgium




EuroDisplay 2015





SAVE THE DATE






































__________________________________















(a) (b)










Ubiquitous Energy











































































































enabling technology





















enabling technology



















enabling technology





ltA0Alt91=6lt

amp1C2A6642=22AA6C2








MATERIALS

AND FLEX

IBLE TECHN

OLOGY ISSU

E


JanFeb 2

014

Vol 30 No

1















by Calvin Hsieh



display marketplace










Shipments (000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total 1290641 1511751 1701456 1922022 2114063 2279280 2401443

YY Growth 17 17 13 13 10 8 5

Revenues (US$000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total $23224147 $28557077 $25605443 $24555622 $24279585 $24489829 $24817533

YY Growth 41 23 -10 -4 -1 1 1



In-cell TFT-LCD 75 125 159 163 168 174 180 187

On-cell AMOLED 120 162 148 152 153 153 154 154

On-cell TFT-LCD 00 04 52 69 84 94 100 104


Resistive 155 36 08 05 03 01 00 00

Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

















display marketplace

























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo









Watch_ShootOut_2htm



industry news













guest editorial













bull 33V 5V

bull accessories

bull usB EVal kits


Eurodisplay 2015


Ghent Belgium




EuroDisplay 2015





SAVE THE DATE






































__________________________________















(a) (b)










Ubiquitous Energy











































































































enabling technology





















enabling technology



















enabling technology





ltA0Alt91=6lt

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MATERIALS

AND FLEX

IBLE TECHN

OLOGY ISSU

E


JanFeb 2

014

Vol 30 No

1



Editorial Calendar_Layout 1 1192014 120 PM 0












by Calvin Hsieh



display marketplace










Shipments (000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total 1290641 1511751 1701456 1922022 2114063 2279280 2401443

YY Growth 17 17 13 13 10 8 5

Revenues (US$000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total $23224147 $28557077 $25605443 $24555622 $24279585 $24489829 $24817533

YY Growth 41 23 -10 -4 -1 1 1



In-cell TFT-LCD 75 125 159 163 168 174 180 187

On-cell AMOLED 120 162 148 152 153 153 154 154

On-cell TFT-LCD 00 04 52 69 84 94 100 104


Resistive 155 36 08 05 03 01 00 00

Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

















display marketplace

























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

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guest editorial













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bull usB EVal kits


Eurodisplay 2015


Ghent Belgium




EuroDisplay 2015





SAVE THE DATE














ID Dahiya p6-10_Layout 1 7262015 331 PM
























__________________________________















(a) (b)










Ubiquitous Energy











































































































enabling technology





















enabling technology



















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MATERIALS

AND FLEX

IBLE TECHN

OLOGY ISSU

E


JanFeb 2

014

Vol 30 No

1















by Calvin Hsieh



display marketplace










Shipments (000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total 1290641 1511751 1701456 1922022 2114063 2279280 2401443

YY Growth 17 17 13 13 10 8 5

Revenues (US$000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total $23224147 $28557077 $25605443 $24555622 $24279585 $24489829 $24817533

YY Growth 41 23 -10 -4 -1 1 1



In-cell TFT-LCD 75 125 159 163 168 174 180 187

On-cell AMOLED 120 162 148 152 153 153 154 154

On-cell TFT-LCD 00 04 52 69 84 94 100 104


Resistive 155 36 08 05 03 01 00 00

Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

















display marketplace

























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

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p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

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bull 33V 5V

bull accessories

bull usB EVal kits


Eurodisplay 2015


Ghent Belgium




EuroDisplay 2015





SAVE THE DATE






































__________________________________















(a) (b)










Ubiquitous Energy











































































































enabling technology





















enabling technology



















enabling technology





ltA0Alt91=6lt

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MATERIALS

AND FLEX

IBLE TECHN

OLOGY ISSU

E


JanFeb 2

014

Vol 30 No

1















by Calvin Hsieh



display marketplace










Shipments (000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total 1290641 1511751 1701456 1922022 2114063 2279280 2401443

YY Growth 17 17 13 13 10 8 5

Revenues (US$000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total $23224147 $28557077 $25605443 $24555622 $24279585 $24489829 $24817533

YY Growth 41 23 -10 -4 -1 1 1



In-cell TFT-LCD 75 125 159 163 168 174 180 187

On-cell AMOLED 120 162 148 152 153 153 154 154

On-cell TFT-LCD 00 04 52 69 84 94 100 104


Resistive 155 36 08 05 03 01 00 00

Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

















display marketplace

























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

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p4lo

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__________________________________















(a) (b)










Ubiquitous Energy











































































































enabling technology





















enabling technology



















enabling technology





ltA0Alt91=6lt

amp1C2A6642=22AA6C2








MATERIALS

AND FLEX

IBLE TECHN

OLOGY ISSU

E


JanFeb 2

014

Vol 30 No

1















by Calvin Hsieh



display marketplace










Shipments (000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total 1290641 1511751 1701456 1922022 2114063 2279280 2401443

YY Growth 17 17 13 13 10 8 5

Revenues (US$000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total $23224147 $28557077 $25605443 $24555622 $24279585 $24489829 $24817533

YY Growth 41 23 -10 -4 -1 1 1



In-cell TFT-LCD 75 125 159 163 168 174 180 187

On-cell AMOLED 120 162 148 152 153 153 154 154

On-cell TFT-LCD 00 04 52 69 84 94 100 104


Resistive 155 36 08 05 03 01 00 00

Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

















display marketplace

























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

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p4lo

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p6-10lo

p11lo

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p31lo

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(a) (b)










Ubiquitous Energy











































































































enabling technology





















enabling technology



















enabling technology





ltA0Alt91=6lt

amp1C2A6642=22AA6C2








MATERIALS

AND FLEX

IBLE TECHN

OLOGY ISSU

E


JanFeb 2

014

Vol 30 No

1















by Calvin Hsieh



display marketplace










Shipments (000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total 1290641 1511751 1701456 1922022 2114063 2279280 2401443

YY Growth 17 17 13 13 10 8 5

Revenues (US$000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total $23224147 $28557077 $25605443 $24555622 $24279585 $24489829 $24817533

YY Growth 41 23 -10 -4 -1 1 1



In-cell TFT-LCD 75 125 159 163 168 174 180 187

On-cell AMOLED 120 162 148 152 153 153 154 154

On-cell TFT-LCD 00 04 52 69 84 94 100 104


Resistive 155 36 08 05 03 01 00 00

Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

















display marketplace

























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

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ID Wagner p12-17_Layout 1 7232015 853 PM














































































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MATERIALS

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OLOGY ISSU

E


JanFeb 2

014

Vol 30 No

1















by Calvin Hsieh



display marketplace










Shipments (000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total 1290641 1511751 1701456 1922022 2114063 2279280 2401443

YY Growth 17 17 13 13 10 8 5

Revenues (US$000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total $23224147 $28557077 $25605443 $24555622 $24279585 $24489829 $24817533

YY Growth 41 23 -10 -4 -1 1 1



In-cell TFT-LCD 75 125 159 163 168 174 180 187

On-cell AMOLED 120 162 148 152 153 153 154 154

On-cell TFT-LCD 00 04 52 69 84 94 100 104


Resistive 155 36 08 05 03 01 00 00

Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

















display marketplace

























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo






































































































enabling technology





















enabling technology



















enabling technology





ltA0Alt91=6lt

amp1C2A6642=22AA6C2








MATERIALS

AND FLEX

IBLE TECHN

OLOGY ISSU

E


JanFeb 2

014

Vol 30 No

1















by Calvin Hsieh



display marketplace










Shipments (000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total 1290641 1511751 1701456 1922022 2114063 2279280 2401443

YY Growth 17 17 13 13 10 8 5

Revenues (US$000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total $23224147 $28557077 $25605443 $24555622 $24279585 $24489829 $24817533

YY Growth 41 23 -10 -4 -1 1 1



In-cell TFT-LCD 75 125 159 163 168 174 180 187

On-cell AMOLED 120 162 148 152 153 153 154 154

On-cell TFT-LCD 00 04 52 69 84 94 100 104


Resistive 155 36 08 05 03 01 00 00

Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

















display marketplace

























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo









































enabling technology

ID DePasquale p18-22_Layout 1 7232015 952 PM




















enabling technology



















enabling technology





ltA0Alt91=6lt

amp1C2A6642=22AA6C2








MATERIALS

AND FLEX

IBLE TECHN

OLOGY ISSU

E


JanFeb 2

014

Vol 30 No

1















by Calvin Hsieh



display marketplace










Shipments (000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total 1290641 1511751 1701456 1922022 2114063 2279280 2401443

YY Growth 17 17 13 13 10 8 5

Revenues (US$000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total $23224147 $28557077 $25605443 $24555622 $24279585 $24489829 $24817533

YY Growth 41 23 -10 -4 -1 1 1



In-cell TFT-LCD 75 125 159 163 168 174 180 187

On-cell AMOLED 120 162 148 152 153 153 154 154

On-cell TFT-LCD 00 04 52 69 84 94 100 104


Resistive 155 36 08 05 03 01 00 00

Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

















display marketplace

























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo


































enabling technology





















enabling technology



















enabling technology





ltA0Alt91=6lt

amp1C2A6642=22AA6C2








MATERIALS

AND FLEX

IBLE TECHN

OLOGY ISSU

E


JanFeb 2

014

Vol 30 No

1















by Calvin Hsieh



display marketplace










Shipments (000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total 1290641 1511751 1701456 1922022 2114063 2279280 2401443

YY Growth 17 17 13 13 10 8 5

Revenues (US$000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total $23224147 $28557077 $25605443 $24555622 $24279585 $24489829 $24817533

YY Growth 41 23 -10 -4 -1 1 1



In-cell TFT-LCD 75 125 159 163 168 174 180 187

On-cell AMOLED 120 162 148 152 153 153 154 154

On-cell TFT-LCD 00 04 52 69 84 94 100 104


Resistive 155 36 08 05 03 01 00 00

Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

















display marketplace

























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo




















enabling technology



















enabling technology





ltA0Alt91=6lt

amp1C2A6642=22AA6C2








MATERIALS

AND FLEX

IBLE TECHN

OLOGY ISSU

E


JanFeb 2

014

Vol 30 No

1















by Calvin Hsieh



display marketplace










Shipments (000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total 1290641 1511751 1701456 1922022 2114063 2279280 2401443

YY Growth 17 17 13 13 10 8 5

Revenues (US$000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total $23224147 $28557077 $25605443 $24555622 $24279585 $24489829 $24817533

YY Growth 41 23 -10 -4 -1 1 1



In-cell TFT-LCD 75 125 159 163 168 174 180 187

On-cell AMOLED 120 162 148 152 153 153 154 154

On-cell TFT-LCD 00 04 52 69 84 94 100 104


Resistive 155 36 08 05 03 01 00 00

Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

















display marketplace

























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo
















enabling technology





ltA0Alt91=6lt

amp1C2A6642=22AA6C2








MATERIALS

AND FLEX

IBLE TECHN

OLOGY ISSU

E


JanFeb 2

014

Vol 30 No

1















by Calvin Hsieh



display marketplace










Shipments (000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total 1290641 1511751 1701456 1922022 2114063 2279280 2401443

YY Growth 17 17 13 13 10 8 5

Revenues (US$000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total $23224147 $28557077 $25605443 $24555622 $24279585 $24489829 $24817533

YY Growth 41 23 -10 -4 -1 1 1



In-cell TFT-LCD 75 125 159 163 168 174 180 187

On-cell AMOLED 120 162 148 152 153 153 154 154

On-cell TFT-LCD 00 04 52 69 84 94 100 104


Resistive 155 36 08 05 03 01 00 00

Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

















display marketplace

























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo




enabling technology





ltA0Alt91=6lt

amp1C2A6642=22AA6C2








MATERIALS

AND FLEX

IBLE TECHN

OLOGY ISSU

E


JanFeb 2

014

Vol 30 No

1















by Calvin Hsieh



display marketplace

ID Hsieh p24-27_Layout 1 7262015 122 PM









Shipments (000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total 1290641 1511751 1701456 1922022 2114063 2279280 2401443

YY Growth 17 17 13 13 10 8 5

Revenues (US$000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total $23224147 $28557077 $25605443 $24555622 $24279585 $24489829 $24817533

YY Growth 41 23 -10 -4 -1 1 1



In-cell TFT-LCD 75 125 159 163 168 174 180 187

On-cell AMOLED 120 162 148 152 153 153 154 154

On-cell TFT-LCD 00 04 52 69 84 94 100 104


Resistive 155 36 08 05 03 01 00 00

Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

















display marketplace

























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo


ltA0Alt91=6lt

amp1C2A6642=22AA6C2








MATERIALS

AND FLEX

IBLE TECHN

OLOGY ISSU

E


JanFeb 2

014

Vol 30 No

1















by Calvin Hsieh



display marketplace










Shipments (000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total 1290641 1511751 1701456 1922022 2114063 2279280 2401443

YY Growth 17 17 13 13 10 8 5

Revenues (US$000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total $23224147 $28557077 $25605443 $24555622 $24279585 $24489829 $24817533

YY Growth 41 23 -10 -4 -1 1 1



In-cell TFT-LCD 75 125 159 163 168 174 180 187

On-cell AMOLED 120 162 148 152 153 153 154 154

On-cell TFT-LCD 00 04 52 69 84 94 100 104


Resistive 155 36 08 05 03 01 00 00

Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

















display marketplace

























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo












by Calvin Hsieh



display marketplace










Shipments (000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total 1290641 1511751 1701456 1922022 2114063 2279280 2401443

YY Growth 17 17 13 13 10 8 5

Revenues (US$000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total $23224147 $28557077 $25605443 $24555622 $24279585 $24489829 $24817533

YY Growth 41 23 -10 -4 -1 1 1



In-cell TFT-LCD 75 125 159 163 168 174 180 187

On-cell AMOLED 120 162 148 152 153 153 154 154

On-cell TFT-LCD 00 04 52 69 84 94 100 104


Resistive 155 36 08 05 03 01 00 00

Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

















display marketplace

























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo









Shipments (000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total 1290641 1511751 1701456 1922022 2114063 2279280 2401443

YY Growth 17 17 13 13 10 8 5

Revenues (US$000s) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Grand Total $23224147 $28557077 $25605443 $24555622 $24279585 $24489829 $24817533

YY Growth 41 23 -10 -4 -1 1 1



In-cell TFT-LCD 75 125 159 163 168 174 180 187

On-cell AMOLED 120 162 148 152 153 153 154 154

On-cell TFT-LCD 00 04 52 69 84 94 100 104


Resistive 155 36 08 05 03 01 00 00

Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

















display marketplace

























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo
















display marketplace

























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan




ID Donelan p28-30_Layout 1 7262015 139 PM





























SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo























New York NY 10003Fax 2124605460


VISITINFORMATION
















by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo













by Jenny Donelan

































SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo





























SAVE THE DATE










ID Ad p31_Layout 1 7262015 144 PM




DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo























SAVE THE DATE














DISPLAY























ID SID News Issue4 p32-34_Layout 1 7262015 215 PM



























sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo












DISPLAY


















































sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo



























sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news


ID Editorial Issue4 p235_Layout 1 7232015 716 PM

















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo










sid news
















editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members

ID Ad Index Issue4 p36_Layout 1 7262015 236 PM


light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo











editorial

VISITINFORMATION




guest editorial




industry news



















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo

















Sales Office




Japan Sales Office


China Sales Office





Corporate Members



light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo


light measurement



















pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo







pC1lo

pC2lo

p1lo

p2lo

p3lo

p4lo

p5lo

p6-10lo

p11lo

p12-17lo

p18-22lo

p23lo

p24-27lo

p28-30lo

p31lo

p32-34lo

p35lo

p36lo

pC3lo

pC4lo

TOUCH & INTERACTIVITY AND PORTABLE...

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Transcript of TOUCH & INTERACTIVITY AND PORTABLE...