The Periodic Table - Science Class 3000...The periodic table is a wonderful source of information...

Glencoe Science

Chapter Resources

The Periodic Table

Includes:

Reproducible Student Pages

ASSESSMENT

✔ Chapter Tests

✔ Chapter Review

HANDS-ON ACTIVITIES

✔ Lab Worksheets for each Student Edition Activity

✔ Laboratory Activities

✔ Foldables–Reading and Study Skills activity sheet

MEETING INDIVIDUAL NEEDS

✔ Directed Reading for Content Mastery

✔ Directed Reading for Content Mastery in Spanish

✔ Reinforcement

✔ Enrichment

✔ Note-taking Worksheets

TRANSPARENCY ACTIVITIES

✔ Section Focus Transparency Activities

✔ Teaching Transparency Activity

✔ Assessment Transparency Activity

Teacher Support and Planning

✔ Content Outline for Teaching

✔ Spanish Resources

✔ Teacher Guide and Answers

Glencoe Science

Photo CreditsSection Focus Transparency 1: Gail Meese/Meese Photo ResearchSection Focus Transparency 2: (r) Richard Megna/Fundamental Photographs, (l) Richard Megna/Fun-damental Photographs; Section Focus Transparency 3: Index Stock/Zefa Visual Media-Germany

Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the conditionthat such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students,teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with theThe Periodic Table program. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibitedwithout prior written permission of the publisher.

Send all inquiries to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion Place Columbus, OH 43240-4027

ISBN 0-07-867150-7

Printed in the United States of America.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 079 09 08 07 06 05 04

Reproducible Student Pages■ Hands-On Activities

MiniLAB: Designing a Periodic Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Lab: Metals and Nonmetals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Lab: Use the Internet Health Risks from Heavy Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Laboratory Activity 1: Relationships Among Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Laboratory Activity 2: Periodicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Foldables: Reading and Study Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

■ Meeting Individual NeedsExtension and Intervention

Directed Reading for Content Mastery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Directed Reading for Content Mastery in Spanish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Enrichment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Note-taking Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

■ AssessmentChapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

■ Transparency ActivitiesSection Focus Transparency Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Teaching Transparency Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Assessment Transparency Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

The Periodic Table 1

ReproducibleStudent Pages

2 The Periodic Table

Hands-OnActivities

Hands-On Activities

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Designing a Periodic Table

Analysis1. Explain how your periodic table is similar to the periodic table of the elements.

2. If your classmates brought different pens or pencils to class tomorrow, how would you organize them on your periodic table?

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Procedure1. Collect pens and pencils from everyone in your class.

2. Decide which properties of the pens and pencils you will use to organizethem into a periodic table. Consider properties such as color, mass, orlength. Then create your table below.

Data and Observations

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Lab PreviewDirections: Answer these questions before you begin the Lab.1. What are the properties of metals?

2. What are the properties of nonmetals?

Metals on asteroids appear attractive for mining to space programs becausethe metals are essential for space travel. An asteroid could be processed toprovide very pure iron and nickel. Valuable by-products would includecobalt, platinum, and gold.

Real-World QuestionHow can miners determine if an element is ametal or a nonmetal?

Goals■ Describe the appearance of metals and non-

metals.■ Evaluate the malleability or brittleness of

metals and nonmetals.■ Observe chemical reactions of metals and

nonmetals with an acid or base.

Materials (per group of 2-3 students)10 test tubes with rack 25 g carbontest-tube brush 25 g silicon10-mL graduated cylinder 25 g tinforceps or tweezers 25 g sulfermarking pencil 25 g ironsmall hammer or malletdropper bottle of 0.5M HCldropper bottle of 0.1M CuCl2

Safety Precautions

Procedure1. Fill in data table on the next page. Fill in

data table as you complete the lab.2. Describe in as much detail as possible the

appearance of the sample, including color,luster, and state of matter.

3. Use the hammer or mallet to determinemalleability or brittleness.

4. Label 5 test tubes # 1–5. Place a 1-g sample ofeach element in each test tube. Add 5 mL ofHCl to each tube. If bubbles form, this indi-cates a chemical reaction.

5. Repeat step #4, substituting HCl withCuCl2. Do not discard the solutions imme-diately. Continue to observe for five min-utes. Some of the changes may be slow. Achemical reaction is indicated by a changein appearance of the element.

Metals and Nonmetals

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Analyze Your Data1. Analyze Results What characteristics distinguish metals from nonmetals?

2. List which elements you discovered to be metals.

3. Describe a metalloid. Are any of the elements tested a metalloid? If so, name them.

Conclude and Apply1. Explain how the future might increase or decrease the need for selected elements.

2. Infer why discovering and mining metals on asteroids might be an important find.

Hands-On Activities

carbon

silicon

tin

sulfur

iron

Metal and Nonmetal Data

Malleableor Brittle

Reaction withHClAppearanceElement

Reaction withCuCl2

(continued)

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Many heavy metals are found naturally on the planet. People and animalsare exposed to these metals every day. One way to reduce the exposure is toknow as much as possible about the effects of chemicals on you and the envi-ronment. Do heavy metals and other chemicals pose a threat to the health ofhumans? Could health problems be caused by exposure to heavy metals suchas lead, or a radioactive chemical element, such as radon?

Real-World QuestionIs the incidence of these problems higher inone area than another?

Goals■ Organize and synthesize information on a

chemical or heavy metal thought to causehealth problems in the area where you live.

■ Communicate your findings to others inyour class.

Data SourceVisit msscience.com formore information about

health risks from heavy metals, hints on healthrisks, and data from other students.

Make a Plan1. Read general information concerning

heavy metals and other potentially haz-ardous chemicals.

2. Use the sites listed at the link to the left toresearch possible health problems in yourarea caused by exposure to chemicals orheavy metals. Do you see a pattern in thetype of health risks that you found in yourresearch?

3. Check the link to the left to see what othershave learned.

Follow Your Plan1. Make sure your teacher approves your plan

before you start.2. Research information that can help you

find out about health risks in your area.3. Organize your information in a data table

like the one shown.4. Write a report in your Science Journal

using the results of your research on heavymetals.

5. Post your data in the table provided at thelink below.

Use the Internet

Health Risks from Heavy Metals

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Health Risk Data Table

How People Come inContact with Chemical

Potential HealthProblems

Chemical orHeavy MetalLocation Who Is

Affected


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Hands-On Activities

Communicating Your DataFind this lab using the link below. Post your data in the table provided. Compare yourdata to those of other students. Analyze and look for patterns in the data.

msscience.com

Analyze Your Data1. Evaluate Did all your sources agree on the health risk of the chemical or heavy metal?

2. Analyze all your sources for possible bias. Are some sources more reliable than others?

3. Explain how the health risk differs for adults and children.

4. Identify the sources of the heavy metals in your area. Are the heavy metals still being depositedin your area?

Conclude and Apply1. Analyze Results Were the same substances found to be health risks in other parts of the coun-

try? From the data at the link below, try to predict what chemicals or heavy metals are healthrisks in different parts of the country.

2. Determine what information you think is the most important for the public to be aware of.

3. Explain what could be done to decrease the risk of the health problems you identified.

(continued)

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Relationships Among Elements

The periodic table is a wonderful source of information about all of the elements scientists have discov-ered. In this activity, you will investigate the relationship among the elements’ atomic numbers, radii, andpositions in the periodic table.

An atom’s atomic radius is the distance from the center of the nucleus to the edge of the atom. Theradii for elements with atomic numbers from 3 through 38 are given in Table 1. The radii are so smallthat a very small metric unit called a picometer is used. A picometer (pm) is one trillionth of a meter.

StrategyYou will plot the atomic radii of elements with atomic numbers 3 through 38.You will examine the graph for repeated patterns.

Materials copy of the periodic table graph paper pencil

Table 1

LaboratoryActivity11

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Aluminum

Name and symbol

143Al

Atomicnumber

Atomic radius(picometers)

13

Argon 191Ar 18

Arsenic 121As 33

Beryllium 112Be 4

Boron 85B 5

Bromine 117Br 35

Calcium 197Ca 20

Carbon 77C 6

Chlorine 91Cl 17

Chromium 128Cr 24

Cobalt 125Co 27

Copper 128Cu 29

Fluorine 69F 9

Gallium 134Ga 31

Germanium 123Ge 32

Iron 126Fe 26

Krypton 201Kr 36

Lithium 156Li 3

Magnesium

Name and symbol

160Mg

Atomicnumber

Atomic radius(picometers)

12

Manganese 127Mn 25

Neon 131Ne 10

Nickel 124Ni 28

Nitrogen 71N 7

Oxygen 60O 8

Phosphorus 109P 15

Potassium 231K 19

Rubidium 248Rb 37

Scandium 162Sc 21

Selenium 119Se 34

Silicon 118Si 14

Sodium 186Na 11

Strontium 215Sr 38

Sulfur 103S 16

Titanium 147Ti 22

Vanadium 134V 23

Zinc 134Zn 30


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Laboratory Activity 1 (continued)

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Procedure1. On the graph paper, label the horizontal axis

with the numbers 0 through 38 to representthe atomic numbers of the elements youwill be plotting.

2. Label the vertical axis by tens with numbersfrom 0 through 280. These numbers repre-sent atomic radii.

3. Plot the atomic radius for each of the ele-ments with atomic numbers 3 through 38.

Hands-On Activities Questions and Conclusions1. Look at the shape of your graph. What patterns do you observe?

2. What family is represented by the high peaks in your graph?

3. What family is represented by the low points in your graph?

4. What family is represented by the smaller peaks just before the high peaks?5. What do you notice about the radii of the elements at the high peaks as you move from left to

right on your graph? Look at your periodic table and find the element that represents each highpeak. What does each high peak begin in the periodic table?

6. What happens to the radii of the elements between two highest peaks? What does each of thesegroups of elements represent?

7. How can a graph such as the one you made help to predict the properties of elements that havenot been discovered yet?

8. How do the radii of metals in each period compare with the radii of nonmetals in that period?

Strategy Check

Can you plot a graph of the atomic radii of elements?

Can you observe repeating patterns in the graph?

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Periodicity

A periodic event is one that occurs time after time in a regular, predictable way. If you have atable of repeating events, you can use it to predict what might be true in the future. For example,astronomers are able to predict the appearance of a comet if they know the dates of the comet’sappearance in the past. A calendar is a good model for the periodic table of the elements.

StrategyYou will determine missing information on the calendar for a month.You will make predictions about future and past events based on the calendar.

LaboratoryActivity22

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Procedure 1. Label the seven columns of the calendar

page in Figure 1 with the numbers 1through 7. There are seven families, orgroups, in this periodic table. They are thedays of the week.

2. Label the five rows of the calendar pagewith the numbers 1 through 5. There arefive periods in this periodic table. Eachperiod is a week.

3. Notice that some information is missing.Fill in the missing information by examin-ing the information in the blocks sur-rounding the spots where the missinginformation belongs.

Data and Observations

Figure 1

1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9

SUN MON TUE WED FRI SAT

10

11 12 @ # 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Soccer practice

Soccer practice

YourBirthday


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Laboratory Activity 2 (continued)

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Questions and Conclusions1. Two of the days in Families 3 and 4 are marked with an @ and a #. What dates should go in

these positions?

2. Family 5 doesn’t have a name. What is the correct name for this family?

3. What dates are included in the third period of the table?

4. Assuming that the previous month had 30 days, what day of the week would the 28th of thatmonth have been?

5. What period of this table would it appear in?

6. Notice that two dates have been scheduled for regular soccer practice. When would you expectthe next two soccer practices to take place?

7. The following month will start on the day after the 31st. What day of the week will it be?

8. Suppose your birthday occurs on the 30th of the month. Explain how your birthday is a periodic event.

Strategy Check

Can you provide missing information in a periodic table if you have information aboutthe neighboring blocks?

Can you make predictions based upon information in a periodic table?

Hands-On Activities

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The Periodic Table

Directions: Use this page to label your Foldable at the beginning of the chapter.

MetalsMetalloidsNonmetalsductile

good conductors of heat and electricity

malleable

examples include boron and silicon

examples include carbon and nitrogen

examples include tin and lead

have luster

elements that share some properties with metals and nonmetals

usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature

usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature

usually solid

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Meeting IndividualNeeds

Meeting Individual Needs

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Directions: Use the illustration of the periodic table to complete the tasks below.

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Directed Reading for

Content Mastery

OverviewThe Periodic Table

1. Circle the noble gases family of elements. It contains helium. What is the group

number?

2. Draw an “X” (in red) through the element with the lowest atomic number. Namethe element. What is the atomic number?

3. Draw a box around the period that contains radioactive elements.

It includes uranium. What are these called?

4. Underline all of the elements in the oxygen family.

5. Draw a line through the symbols of all elements in Period 3. List them.

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

Hydrogen

1

H1.008

Element

Atomic number State ofmatter

Metal

Metalloid

NonmetalHydrogen

1

H1.008

Helium

2

He4.003

Lithium

3

Li6.941

Sodium

11

Na22.990

Potassium

19

K39.098

Rubidium

37

Rb85.468

Cesium

55

Cs132.905

Francium

87

Fr(223)

Radium

88

Ra(226)

Actinium

89

Ac(227)

Rutherfordium

104

Rf(261)

Barium

56

Ba137.327

Lanthanum

57

La138.906

Hafnium

72

Hf178.49

Tantalum

73

Ta180.948

Dubnium

105

Db(262)

Seaborgium

106

Sg(266)

Hassium

108

Hs(277)

Meitnerium

109

Mt(268)

Darmstadtium

110

Ds(281)

Unununium

111

Uuu(272)

Ununbium

112

Uub(285)

Ununquadium

114

Uuq(289)

Bohrium

107

Bh(264)

Tungsten

74

W183.84

Rhenium

75

Re186.207

Osmium

76

Os190.23

Iridium

77

Ir192.217

Platinum

78

Pt195.078

Gold

79

Au196.967

Mercury

80

Hg200.59

Thallium

81

Tl204.383

Lead

82

Pb207.2

Bismuth

83

Bi208.980

Astatine

85

At(210)

Radon

86

Rn(222)

Strontium

38

Sr87.62

Yttrium

39

Y88.906

Zirconium

40

Zr91.224

Niobium

41

Nb92.906

Molybdenum

42

Mo95.94

Calcium

20

Ca40.078

Scandium

21

Sc44.956

Titanium

22

Ti47.867

Vanadium

23

V50.942

Chromium

24

Cr51.996

Technetium

43

Tc(98)

Ruthenium

44

Ru101.07

Manganese

25

Mn54.938

Iron

26

Fe55.845

Cobalt

27

Co58.933

Nickel

28

Ni58.693

Copper

29

Cu63.546

Zinc

30

Zn65.409

Gallium

31

Ga69.723

Germanium

32

Ge72.64

Arsenic

33

As74.922

Selenium

34

Se78.96

Bromine

35

Br79.904

Krypton

36

Kr83.798

Rhodium

45

Rh102.906

Palladium

46

Pd106.42

Silver

47

Ag107.868

Cadmium

48

Cd112.411

Indium

49

In114.818

Tin

50

Sn118.710

Antimony

51

Sb121.760

Tellurium

52

Te127.60

Iodine

53

I126.904

Xenon

54

Xe131.293

Magnesium

12

Mg24.305

Aluminum

13

Al26.982

Silicon

14

Si28.086

Phosphorus

15

P30.974

Sulfur

16

S32.065

Chlorine

17

Cl35.453

Argon

18

Ar39.948

Beryllium

4

Be9.012

Boron

5

B10.811

Carbon

6

C12.011

Nitrogen

7

N14.007

Oxygen

8

O15.999

Fluorine

9

F18.998

Neon

10

Ne20.180

1

1 2

2

3

4

5

6

7

9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17

18

3 4 5 6 7

Gas

Liquid

Solid

Synthetic

Polonium

84

Po(209)

The names and symbols for elements 111–114 are temporary. Final names will be selected when the elements’ discoveries are verified.

** *

8

The number in parentheses is the mass number of the longest-lived isotope for that element.

The first three symbols tell you the state of matter of the element at room temperature. The fourth symbol identifies elements that are not present in significant amounts on Earth. Useful amounts are made synthetically.

The color of an element’s block tells you if the element is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid.

The arrow shows where these elements would fit into the periodic table. They are moved to the bottom of the table to save space.

Rows of elements are called periods. Atomic number increases across a period.

Columns of elements are called groups. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.

Cerium

58

Ce140.116

Thorium

90

Th232.038

Uranium

92

U238.029

Neptunium

93

Np(237)

Plutonium

94

Pu(244)

Neodymium

60

Nd144.24

Promethium

61

Pm(145)

Samarium

62

Sm150.36

59

Pr140.908

Protactinium

91

Pa231.036

Lanthanideseries

Actinideseries

* Elements 116 and 118 were thought to have been created. The claim was retracted because the experimental results could not be repeated.**

Symbol

Atomic mass

Praseodymium

116

118

* ** *

Europium

63

Eu151.964

Americium

95

Am (243)

Berkelium

97

Bk(247)

Californium

98

Cf(251)

Einsteinium

99

Es(252)

Fermium

100

Fm(257)

Nobelium

102

No(259)

Lawrencium

103

Lr(262)

Mendelevium

101

Md(258)

Holmium

67

Ho164.930

Dysprosium

66

Dy162.500

Terbium

65

Tb158.925

Curium

96

Cm(247)

Gadolinium

64

Gd157.25

Erbium

68

Er167.259

Thulium

69

Tm168.934

Ytterbium

70

Yb173.04

Lutetium

71

Lu174.967

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Section 1 ■ Introduction to thePeriodic Table

Directions: Label the following elements key using the terms listed below.

element name atomic number atomic mass element symbol

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Content Mastery


1

HHydrogen

1.008

1. 3.

2. 4.

Directions: Use the data on the left to complete the two element keys below.

5. element name: aluminum

element symbol: Al

atomic number: 13

atomic mass: 26.982

6. element name: gold

element symbol: Au

atomic number: 79

atomic mass: 196.967

Directions: In the blank on the left, write True if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change theword in italics to make it true.

7. Groups 3–12 are metals and are called representative

elements.

8. Nonmetals are good conductors of heat and electricity.

9. The elements in the periodic table are organized by their

atomic number.

10. There are seven groups, or rows, in the periodic table.

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Directions: Draw a line between each group or family name on the left to the element it contains on the right.Refer to the periodic table and, if necessary, to your textbook.

1. lanthanide series

2. period 5

3. alkali metals family

4. carbon family

5. period 2

6. alkaline earth metals family

7. noble gases family

8. actinide series

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Content Mastery

Section 2 ■ Representative Elements

Section 3 ■ Transition Elements

iodine

potassium

cerium

boron

lead

krypton

einsteinium

calcium

Directions: Circle the term in parentheses that correctly completes the sentence.

9. All of the elements in the actinide family are (liquids/radioactive).

10. Carbon, the first element in the carbon family, is a (metal/nonmetal).

11. The element with the least atomic mass is (hydrogen/helium).

12. Mercury is the only metal that is a (gas/liquid) at room temperature.

13. Nobel gases (rarely/often) combine with other elements.

14. Lanthanides are (inner transition/representative) elements.

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Key TermsThe Periodic Table

Directions: Complete the following sentences using the terms listed below.

catalyst representative period group metalloid

synthetic transition metal nonmetal semiconductor

1. A row of elements whose properties change gradually is called

a ______________________________.

2. ______________________________ elements include metals, metalloids,

and nonmetals.

3. A column of elements in the periodic table with similar properties is

a ______________________________ or family.

4. A ______________________________ is usually shiny and conducts

electricity well.

5. A ______________________________ is usually a gas or brittle solid that is a

poor conductor of electricity.

6. A ______________________________ has properties of metals and nonmetals.

7. An element that conducts electricity better than a nonmetal but not as well as a

metal is a ______________________________.

8. Gold and silver are ______________________________ elements.

9. A substance that can cause something to happen faster than it might have

otherwise, but is not permanently changed itself, is called

a ______________________________.

10. ______________________________ elements are made in laboratories.

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Content Mastery


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La tabla periódica 19

Instrucciones: Usa la ilustración de la tabla periódica para contestar las siguientes preguntas.

Lectura dirigida para

Dominio del contenido

SinopsisLa tabla periódica

1. Haz un círculo alrededor de la familia de elementos de los gases nobles. Esta con-tiene helio. ¿Cuál es el número del grupo?

2. Dibuja una “x” (en rojo) a través del elemento con el número atómico más bajo.Nombra el elemento. ¿Cuál es el número atómico?

3. Dibuja una caja alrededor del período que contiene elementos radiactivos.

Este incluye uranio. ¿Cómo se llaman?

4. Subraya todos los elementos en la familia del oxígeno.

5. Dibuja una línea atravesando los símbolos de todos los elementos en el Período 3.Haz una lista de estos.

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TABLA PERIÓDICA DE ELEMENTOS

Hidrógeno

1

H1.008

Nombre del elemento

Número atómico Estado de la materia

Metal

Metaloide

No metalHidrógeno

1

H1.008

Helio

2

He4.003

Litio

3

Li6.941

Sodio

11

Na22.990

Potasio

19

K39.098

Rubidio

37

Rb85.468

Cesio

55

Cs132.905

Francio

87

Fr(223)

Radio

88

Ra(226)

Actinio

89

Ac(227)

Ruterfordio

104

Rf(261)

Bario

56

Ba137.327

Lantano

57

La138.906

Hafnio

72

Hf178.49

Tántalo

73

Ta180.948

Dubnio

105

Db(262)

Seaborgio

106

Sg(266)

Hasio

108

Hs(277)

Meltnerio

109

Mt(268)

Darmstadtio

110

Ds(281)

Unununium

111

Uuu(272)

Unumbio

112

Uub(285)

Ununquadio

114

Uuq(289)

Borio

107

Bh(264)

Tungsteno

74

W183.84

Renio

75

Re186.207

Osmio

76

Os190.23

Iridio

77

Ir192.217

Platino

78

Pt195.078

Oro

79

Au196.967

Mercurio

80

Hg200.59

Talio

81

Tl204.383

Plomo

82

Pb207.2

Bismuto

83

Bi208.980

Astato

85

At(210)

Radón

86

Rn(222)

Estroncio

38

Sr87.62

Itrio

39

Y88.906

Circonio

40

Zr91.224

Niobio

41

Nb92.906

Molibdeno

42

Mo95.94

Calcio

20

Ca40.078

Escandio

21

Sc44.956

Titanio

22

Ti47.867

Vanadio

23

V50.942

Cromo

24

Cr51.996

Tecnecio

43

Tc(98)

Rutenio

44

Ru101.07

Manganeso

25

Mn54.938

Hierro

26

Fe55.845

Cobalt

27

Co58.933

Níquel

28

Ni58.693

Cobre

29

Cu63.546

Cinc

30

Zn65.409

Galio

31

Ga69.723

Germanio

32

Ge72.64

Arsénico

33

As74.922

Selenio

34

Se78.96

Bromo

35

Br79.904

Criptón

36

Kr83.798

Rodio

45

Rh102.906

Paladio

46

Pd106.42

Plata

47

Ag107.868

Cadmio

48

Cd112.411

Indio

49

In114.818

Estaño

50

Sn118.710

Antimonio

51

Sb121.760

Telurio

52

Te127.60

Yodo

53

I126.904

Xenón

54

Xe131.293

Magnesio

12

Mg24.305

Aluminio

13

Al26.982

Silicio

14

Si28.086

Fósforo

15

P30.974

Azufre

16

S32.065

Cloro

17

Cl35.453

Argón

18

Ar39.948

Berilio

4

Be9.012

Boro

5

B10.811

Carbono

6

C12.011

Nitrógeno

7

N14.007

Oxígeno

8

O15.999

Flúor

9

F18.998

Neón

10

Ne20.180

1

1 2

2

3

4

5

6

7

9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17

18

3 4 5 6 7

Gas

Líquido

Sólido

Sintético

Polonio

84

Po(209)

** *

8

Los números entre paréntesis indican el número de masa del isótopo de más larga vida de ese elemento.

Los tres primeros símbolos te indican el estado de la materia a temperatura ambiente. El cuarto símbolo identifica a los elementos que no están presentes en la Tierra en cantidades importantes. Las cantidades que se necesitan se sintetizan.

El color del bloque de un elemento es un metal, un no metal o un metaloide.

La flecha indica el sitio donde deberían ubicarse éstos elementos en la table periódica. Se colocan abajo para ahorrar espacio.

Las filas de elementos se llaman perídos. El número atómico aumenta a lo largo de un período.

Las columnas de elementos se llaman grupos. Los elementos de un mismo grupo tienen propiedades químicas similares.

Cerio

58

Ce140.116

Torio

90

Th232.038

Uranio

92

U238.029

Neptunio

93

Np(237)

Plutonio

94

Pu(244)

Neodimio

60

Nd144.24

Promecio

61

Pm(145)

Samario

62

Sm150.36

59

Pr140.908

Protactinio

91

Pa231.036

Serie de loslantánidos

Serie de losactínidos

El nombre y el símbolo de los elementos 111-114 es temporal. Los nombres definitivos se darán cuando se haya verificado el descubrimiento del elemento.* Se pensaba que los elementos 116 y 118 habían sido creados. Esta afirmación se retiró porque los resultados experimentales no se pudieron repetir.**

Símbolo del elemento

Masa atómica

Praseodimio

116

118

* ** *

Europio

63

Eu151.964

Americio

95

Am (243)

Berkelio

97

Bk(247)

Californio

98

Cf(251)

Einsteinio

99

Es(252)

Fermio

100

Fm(257)

Nobelio

102

No(259)

Laurencio

103

Lr(262)

Mendelevio

101

Md(258)

Holmio

67

Ho164.930

Disprosio

66

Dy162.500

Terbio

65

Tb158.925

Curio

96

Cm(247)

Gadolinio

64

Gd157.25

Erbio

68

Er167.259

Tulio

69

Tm168.934

Iterbio

70

Yb173.04

Lutetio

71

Lu174.967

Nombre Fecha Clase

20 La tabla periódica

Sección 1 ■ Introducción a latabla periódica

Instrucciones: Rotula la clave del siguiente elemento usando éstos términos.

nombre del elemento número atómico masa atómica símbolo del elemento

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1

HHidrógeno

1.008

1. 3.

2. 4.

Instrucciones: Usa los datos a la izquierda para completar los dos elementos clave de abajo.

5. nombre del elemento: aluminio

símbolo del elemento: Al

número atómico: 13

masa atómica: 26.982

6. nombre del elemento: oro

símbolo del elemento: Au

número atómico: 79

masa atómica: 196.967

Instrucciones: En el espacio de la izquierda, escribe Verdadero si la afirmación es cierta. Si es falsa, cambia lapalabra en bastardilla para hacerla verdadera.

7. Los grupos 3-12 son metales y se llaman elementos repre-

sentativos.

8. Los no metales son buenos conductores del calor y la elec-

tricidad.

9. Los elementos en la tabla periódica se organizan por su

número atómico.

10. Hay siete grupos, o filas, en la tabla periódica.

Satisface las necesidades individuales

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La tabla periódica 21

Instrucciones: Une con una línea nombre de período o familia a la izquierda y el elemento que ésta contiene ala derecha. Consulta la tabla periódica y si es necesario, tu libro de texto.

1. familia de los lantánidos

2. período 5

3. familia de los metales alcalinos

4. familia del carbono

5. período 2

6. familia de los metales alcalinotérreos

7. familia de los gases nobles

8. familia de los actínidos



Sección 2 ■ Elementosrepresentativos

Sección 3 ■ Elementos de transición

yodo

potasio

cerio

boro

plomo

criptón

einstenio

calcio

Instrucciones: Encierra en un círculo el término entre paréntesis que complete correctamente cada oración.

9. Todos los elementos en la familia de los actínidos son (líquidos/radiactivos).

10. Carbono, el primer elemento en la familia del carbono, es un (metal/no metal).

11. El elemento con la masa atómica menor es (hidrógeno/helio).

12. El mercurio es el único metal (gaseoso/líquido) a temperatura ambiente.

13. Los gases nobles (raramente/a menudo) se combinan con otros elementos.

14. Los lantánidos son elementos (de transición interna/representativos).

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22 La tabla periódica

Términos clavesLa tabla periódica

Instrucciones: Completa las oraciones usando los siguientes términos.

catalizador representativo período grupo metaloide

sintéticos transición metal no metal semiconductores

1. Una fila de elementos cuyas propiedades cambian gradualmente se llama un(a)

______________________________.

2. Los elementos ______________________________ incluyen metales, meta-

loides, y no metales.

3. Una columna de elementos en la tabla periódica que tienen propiedades simi-

lares es un(a) ______________________________ o familia.

4. Un(a) ______________________________ es generalmente brillante y con-

duce bien la electricidad.

5. Un(a) ______________________________ es generalmente un gas o sólido

quebradizo que es un conductor pobre de la electricidad.

6. Un ___________________________ tiene propiedades de metales y no metales.

7. Un elemento que conduce la electricidad mejor que un no metal pero no tan

bien como un metal es un(a) ______________________________.

8. El oro y la plata son ______________________________.

9. Una sustancia que puede hacer que algo suceda más rápido de lo normal, pero que

ella misma no cambia, se llama un(a) ______________________________.

10. Los elementos ____________________________ se fabrican en laboratorios.

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Satisface las necesidades individuales

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Directions: Use the following terms to label the diagram of an element key.

atomic number atomic mass element name element symbol

Introduction to the PeriodicTable

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OOxygen15.999

1.

3.

2.

4.

Directions: Match the terms in Column II with the descriptions in Column I. Write the letter of the correct termin the blank at the left.

Column I

5. usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature and poor conductors of heat and electricity

6. section on the periodic table composed of eight groups, including metals, metalloids, and nonmetals

7. elements that have similar physical or chemical properties

8. elements between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table

9. row of elements in the periodic table whose properties change gradually and predictably

10. section on the periodic table composed of Groups 3 through 12

11. the number of protons in the nucleus of an element’s atoms

12. element that has luster, is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and is usually a solid at room temperature

Column II

a. metalloids

b. group

c. representative elements

d. metal

e. nonmetal

f. transition elements

g. atomic number

h. period

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Representative Elements

Directions: In the sentences below, a code letter has been substituted for each letter of the alphabet. To find outwhat the sentences say, use the following key to decode them. In the key, the code letters are shown directly belowthe alphabet letter they stand for. Write the correct letter above each code letter, then read the sentences aloud.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y ZC F K L P T X A V M O D R Z I U E G W N Y B Q H S J

1. ________________ 1 ________________ ________________ ________________X G I Y U P D P R P Z N W C G P K C D D P L

________________ ________________ ________________.N A P C D O C D V R P N C D W

2. ________________ 2 ________________ ________________ ________________X G I Y U P D P R P Z N W C G P K C D D P L

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________.N A P C D O C D V Z P P C G N A R P N C D W

3. ________________ 1 ________________ 2 ________________ ________________P H K P U N T I G A S LG I X P Z X G I Y U W

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________.C Z L C G P W I D V L R P N C D W

4. ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________N A P I N A P G X G I Y U W R C S

________________ ________________, __________________, ________________K I Z N C V Z R P N C D W Z I Z R P N C D W C Z L

___________________.R P N C D D I V L W

Directions: Answer the following questions on the lines provided.

5. Diamonds and graphite are two forms of what nonmetal?

6. What is ammonia made of and what are some of its uses?

7. Why is ozone an important form of oxygen?

8. What do halogens all have in common?

9. What do the noble gases have in common?


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Directions: Complete the following sentences using the correct terms.

1. All transition elements are ____________________.

2. The iron triad are elements that have ____________________ properties.

3. Many of the heavy metals are ____________________ to living things.

4. ____________________ has the highest melting point of any metal.

5. ____________________ has the lowest melting point of any metal.

6. The ____________________ group are often used for electrodes or catalysts because they donot combine easily with other elements.

7. Another name for ____________________ is the rare earths.

8. The ____________________ are soft metals that can be cut with a knife.

9. All of the actinides are ____________________.

10. All but three of the actinides are ____________________.

Directions: Match the use in the second column to the element in the first column. Write the correct letter in thespace provided.

Element

11. iron

12. silver

13. mercury

14. chromium

15. americium

16. tungsten

17. platinum

18. californium

19. plutonium

20. cerium

Transition Elements

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Use

a. filament of lightbulbs

b. electrodes

c. used as a fuel in nuclear power plants

d. principal ingredient in misch metal

e. used to kill cancer cells

f. a necessary part of hemoglobin

g. thermometers

h. brightly colored paint

i. fill cavities

j. smoke detectors

Reinforcement33


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Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

The modern periodic table is based on the work of Dmitri Mendeleev, a nineteenth-centuryRussian chemist and professor. In the 1860s, while working on writing a chemistry textbook, hecame up with a way to organize the elements by their atomic weights. He arranged the elementsinto groups with the same properties. What you see here is the table he had developed by 1871.

1. How is this table different from the modern periodic table?

2. Why do you think some elements are missing from the table?

3. Mendeleev left a few blanks in the table (marked above with a dash). He knew that any spot onthe table could only be filled by an element with a particular atomic weight and properties. Heinferred that some elements hadn’t yet been discovered, since no known elements at the timeseemed to fit these blank spots. He expected that one of the spots would someday be filled byan element with properties similar to silicon (Si). Which spot do you think he had chosen forthis element? Explain.


I III IV V VI VII VIII

H

Li

Na

K

Cu

Ag

Cs

Be

Mg

Ca

Zn

Cd

Ba

B

Al

—

—

In

C

Si

Ti

—

Sn

N

P

V

As

Sb

O

S

Cr

Se

Te

F

Cl

Mn

Br

I

Fe,Co,Ni

Ru,Rh,Pd

II

Enrichment11

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Discovering Circuit Boards

1. transistor

2. resistors

3. capacitors

4. diodes

5. inductors

To many people, circuit boards are a mystifying collection of wires, nodules, andpieces of colored plastic. Once you take thetime to discover what really makes up a basiccircuit board, you will find that they reallyaren’t as confusing as you may have firstthought. One of the primary components of any circuit board is the transistor. A transistor is a component usually made up of germanium or silicon and three or more electrical connections. Silicon and germanium are both metalloids that belongto the carbon group of elements, and bothare semiconductors.

Shown here is a picture of a circuit boardfrom a smoke detector. This circuit board is

similar to most simple circuit boards, at leastwith regard to its components. Research thecomponents listed below and give a briefdescription of their functions.

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Enrichment22

BFY50330

05

G873 33con


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The Actinide Group

The actinide group is a series of elements that are all radioactive. There are 15 elements in theactinide group, but only three of them are found in any appreciable amount in nature: thorium, pro-tactinium, and uranium. All of the elements that have been artificially produced are referred to as thetransuranium elements. It is easy to remember the transuranium elements as the ones that have anatomic mass greater than or equal to 93. Many of the transuranium elements have been named inhonor of important scientists or important scientific institutions.

Research the transuranium elements listed below. Describe how they are created, when theywere discovered, and, if applicable, their melting point, their boiling point, any important usesfor them, and who or what they were named for.

1. americium

2. curium

3. berkelium

4. einsteinium

5. mendelevium


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Section 1 Introduction to the Periodic TableA. By 1830 ____________________ different elements had been isolated and named.

1. In 1869 Mendeleev arranged elements in order of increasing atomic ______________ and

found that elements with similar properties fell into groups.

2. Moseley improved the periodic table by arranging the elements according to atomic

________________ instead of atomic mass.

B. The modern periodic table contains seven _________________ or rows of elements whose

properties change gradually and 18 ________________ or columns, each with a family of ele-

ments having similar properties.

1. Groups 1 and 2 along with Groups 13 to 18 are called the _____________________elements.

2. Groups 3 to 12 are called the ____________________ elements.

3. A _______________ has luster, conducts heat and electricity, and is malleable and ductile.

4. ___________________ are usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature.

5. A ___________________ shows properties of both metals and nonmetals.

6. Symbols are abbreviations often based on the element’s ___________________.

Section 2 Representative ElementsA. Groups 1 and 2 are ________________ metals found in nature combined with other elements;

although hydrogen is placed in Group 1, it is not a metal and it shares properties with Groups

1 and 17.

1. _______________________—silvery solids with low densities and low melting points; they

increase in reactivity from top to bottom of the periodic table .

2. _______________________________ are denser, harder, have higher melting points, and

are slightly less active than alkali metals in the same period.

B. Groups 13 through 18 may contain ________________, ___________________, or

____________________ in solid, liquid, or gas form.

1. The ______________________ elements in group 13 are all metals except boron, which is a

metalloid; these elements are used in a variety of products.

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The Periodic Table


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2. The ______________________ elements are all metalloids or metals, except for carbon itself.

a. Carbon is found in all _______________________ and exists in several forms.

b. Silicon and germanium are used in electronics as ________________________.

c. Tin and ______________ are the two heaviest elements in Group 14.

3. The ________________________ contains nitrogen and phosphorus, which are required

by living things and which are used in industry.

4. The _______________________ contains oxygen and sulfur, which are essential for life and

used to manufacture many products.

5. The _______________________ elements form salts with sodium and with the other

alkali metals.

6. The _____________________ rarely combine with other elements; they are often used in

lighting and inflating balloons.

Section 3 Transition ElementsA. ________________________ are the transition elements; most are combined with other ele-

ments in ores.

1. The ____________________ is composed of iron, cobalt, and nickel; these metals have

magnetic properties.

2. Several transition elements can be used as ___________________, which are substances

that make reactions occur faster without changing itself.

B. The _______________ transition elements are called lanthanides and actinides.

1. The _____________________ are soft metals and were once thought to be rare.

2. All the ___________________ are radioactive; several are synthetic elements that do not

occur naturally.

3. Dental materials are sometimes made of new composites, resins, and porcelains.M

eeting Individual Needs

Note-taking Worksheet (continued)


Assessment

Assessment

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Chapter Review

The Periodic Table

Part A. Vocabulary ReviewDirections: Unscramble the letters to form the correct word for each definition.

1. mannotel

2. sepretenveriat tenelmes

3. rogup

4. telam

5. dilatomel

6. dpoier

7. toccurenmoids

8. scytatal

9. sitnnorati tenelmes

10. yetihscnt tenelmes

Asse

ssm

ent

usually a gas or brittle solid at room temperature

elements in Groups 1 and 2 and in Groups13–18

contains elements with similar properties

an element that has luster and conductsheat and electricity

shows properties of a metal and a nonmetal

row of elements in the periodic table

shows moderate electrical conductivity

substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, but is not changed itself

are all metals

are made in laboratories

Part B. Concept ReviewDirections: Refer to the five element keys shown here for items 1 through 5. In the blank at the left, write thename of the element that best fits the description.

2

HeHelium4.003

11

NaSodium22.990

6

CCarbon12.011

80

HgMercury200.59

102

NoNobelium259.101

1. liquid at room temperature

2. atomic nucleus has the fewest protons

3. does not occur naturally on Earth

4. has an average atomic mass of about 12

5. atomic nucleus contains 11 protons

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Chapter Review (continued)


Directions: Correctly complete each sentence by underlining the best of the choices in parentheses.

6. In this periodic table, Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of increasing

(atomic number, atomic diameter, mass number).

7. The symbol for the element mercury is (Mg, Hg, Ga).

8. The element (neon, sodium, bromine) is a gas at room temperature.

9. Most of the (actinides, alkali metals, halogens) are synthetic elements.

10. (Sulfur, Magnesium, Copper) is a good conductor of electricity and heat.

11. Elements in Groups 1, 2, and 13 through 18 are called the (transition elements,

rare earth elements, representative elements).

12. (Aluminum, Iron, Copper) has magnetic properties.

13. Silicon is an example of a(n) (semiconductor, transition element, alloy).

14. Elements that rarely combine with other elements are the (halogens, noble gases, alkali metals).

15. All transition elements are (metals, gases, liquids).

16. Most nonmetals are (good conductors, brittle, gases).

17. Elements that can be pounded into thin sheets are (metalloids, semiconductors, malleable).

18. The only nonmetal found on the left side of the periodic table is (sodium, chlorine, hydrogen).

19. The most active nonmetal is (fluorine, iodine, carbon).

20. The element used for storing and transporting radioactive materials is (tin, lead, carbon).

21. The iron triad is made up of iron, cobalt, and (aluminum, nickel, tin).

22. Most transition metals have (higher, lower) melting points than the representative elements.

23. (Transition elements, Lanthanides, Actinides) are soft metals.

24. All of the (transition elements, lanthanides, actinides) are radioactive.

25. Although (silver, mercury, gold) is a poisonous liquid, it can be used in dental materials if

mixed with other metals.Assessm

ent

Transparency Activities


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Up and Down, Side toSide


Section FocusTransparency Activity11

A calendar is a neatly organized way to track weeks and months.Each column shows the day of the week, and across each row you canread the days in order. Elements are organized on a table in a similarfashion.

1. Describe some of the repeating patterns in a calendar.

2. How would you read which days of a month fell on Thursday?

3. What day of this month is the full moon? What day of the weekdoes that fall on?

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Strong Reactions

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Sodium and potassium belong to the same group of elements, andthey share many similar properties. For example, both form impor-tant compounds with the element chlorine. Below you see each ele-ment reacting with water.

1. How are the pictured reactions similar? How are they different?

2. Lithium is also from the same group. Would you expect lithium toreact with chlorine? What might lithium do if it were placed inwater?

Sodium Potassium

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A Touch on the WarmSide



That’s liquid iron being poured at roughly 1,500°C (2,800°F). Iron isused as both a pure element and as a mixture. Steel, iron combinedwith other elements, is a common example of an iron mixture. Thereare many different iron mixtures, including cast iron, carbon steel,and stainless steel.

1. Name some properties of iron.

2. Name some items made of iron or iron mixtures. Why is iron agood choice for making these things?

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Parts of the PeriodicTable

Teaching TransparencyActivity11

Transition elements

Inner transition elements

Representativeelements

Representative elements

Lanthanide series

Actinide series

Metal

Metalloid

Nonmetal

Recently discovered

Awaiting discovery Hydrogen

1

H

1.008

Element

Atomic number

Symbol

Atomic mass

State of matter


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Teaching Transparency Activity (continued)

1. Where are the transition elements located on the periodic table?

2. Where are the lanthanide series and actinide series located on this table?

3. What’s the importance of the rows? What do they indicate?

4. Looking at the table on the transparency, what are the elements in the upper-right corner?

5. In the modern periodic table, how are the elements organized?

6. How many columns are in the periodic table?

7. Why are the columns called groups?


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AssessmentTransparency Activity

The Periodic Table

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Directions: Carefully review the table and answer the following questions.

1. According to the table above, which of these alkali metals has adensity greater than 1.00 g/mL?A LithiumB SodiumC PotassiumD Rubidium

2. A scientist examined a metal and found that it had an atomic mass of 39. What was the identity of the metal?F LithiumG RubidiumH SodiumJ Potassium

3. All of the following are properties of the metals listed aboveEXCEPT for the ability to ___.A be bent into different shapesB conduct heat and electricityC be gases at room temperatureD reflect light and shine

Metal Symbol Density (g/mL)

Lithium

Sodium

Potassium

Rubidium

Li

Na

K

Rb

3

11

19

37

7

23

39

85

0.53

0.97

0.86

1.53

Atomicnumber

Atomicmass

The Periodic Table - Science Class 3000...The periodic table is a wonderful source of information...

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Transcript of The Periodic Table - Science Class 3000...The periodic table is a wonderful source of information...